VIII. Sample Design Calculation... Page 2. Copyright 2011 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 1 of 24
|
|
- Erik Cunningham
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Mechanically Stabilized Earth Structures Part 3 By Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Fitzpatrick Engineering Associates, P.C. VIII. Sample Design Calculation... Page Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page of 4
2 Sample Design Calculation A SunCam online continuing education course Sample Design Calculation based on AASHTO/FHWA Allowable Stress Design as noted in the NHI , Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes - Design and Construction Guidelines, March 00. Design a 0-ft tall MSE wall with the following geometry and loading conditions o Level toe with -ft embedment depth below final grade o Level backfill, =0-degrees o Live load traffic surcharge of q=50-lb/ft Segmental retaining wall block for this sample calculation has a mechanical connection and high strength geotextile reinforcement will be used to reinforce the soil. Figure General cross section of MSE wall. Traffic Surcharge, q=50-psf 8' Reinforced Soil Retained Soil ' Soil Design Parameters 3 Foundation Soil. Reinforced Soil =35-degrees c =0-lb/ft =5-lb/ft 3. Retained Soil r =8-degrees c r =0-lb/ft r =0-lb/ft 3 3. Foundation Soil f =8-degrees c f =0-lb/ft f =0-lb/ft 3 Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page of 4
3 External Stability Calculations Figure Free Body Diagram of MSE wall. A SunCam online continuing education course Assumed for maximum horizontal stress componets and bearing capacity V Assumed loading for sliding, overtuning and pullout components 0' V F O H/ H/3 F L Determine Active Earth Pressure Coefficient (K a (ext) ) based on Rankine Earth Pressure Theory and Horizontal and Vertical Forces acting on the MSE wall. K a ( ext) cos cos cos r cos Eq. cos cos cos r cos(0) cos 0 cos 8 K a(ext) cos(0) cos(0) cos 0 cos 8 = 0.36 F = ½ r H K a(ext) = ½ (0 lb/ft 3 ) (0-ft) (0.36) = 7,943 lb/ft Eq. F = q H K a(ext) = (50 lb/ft ) (0-ft) (0.36) =,805 lb/ft Eq. 3 L = 0.7 H = 0.7 (0-ft) = 4-ft Eq. 4 V = H L = (5 lb/ft 3 ) (0-ft) (4-ft) = 35,000 lb/ft Eq. 5 V = q L = (50 lb/ft ) (4-ft) = 3,500 lb/ft Eq. 6 Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 3 of 4
4 ~ External Factors of Safety for Overturning, Sliding and Bearing Capacity Factor of Safety for Overturning - FS OT Moments are taken about Point O (see Figure ) Resisting moment does not include traffic surcharge, q L V MomentsResisting M R FS OT =. 0 Eq. 7 Moments Overeturning M H H O F F 3 M R = V L = (35,000 lb/ft) (4-ft) = 45,000 lb-ft M O = 3 F H + F H = (7,943 lb/ft) (0-ft) + (,805 lb/ft) (0-ft) = 7,003 lb-ft 3 FS OT = M M R O 45,000 lb - ft 7,003 lb - ft = 3.45 >.0 therefore meets requirement. Factor of Safety for Sliding FS SL FS SL = Resisting force does not include traffic surcharge, q Horizontal Resisting Force F Horizontal Driving Force F o FR 35,000 lb/ft FS SL tan 8 = F D 7,943 lb/ft,805 lb/ft R D V tan f.5 F F =.9 >.5 therefore meets requirement. Eq. 8 Factor of Safety for Bearing Capacity FS BC R BC = Resultant of Vertical Forces Resisting moment for bearing capacity (M R(BC) ) includes traffic surcharge, q e = eccentricity (feet) B = effective foundation width v = vertical overburden stress (lb/ft ) q ult = ultimate bearing capacity (lb/ft ) Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 4 of 4
5 R BC = Resultant of Vertical Forces = V + V = 35,000 lb/ft + 3,500 lb/ft = 38,500 lb/ft Eq. 9 M R (BC) = (RBC ) (L) = (38,500 lb/ft) (4-ft) = 69,500 lb/ft Eq. 0 L M R M O L e R 6 BC 4 ft 69,500lb ft 7,003lb ft e =.84-ft Eq. 38,500 lb / ft L 4 ft L =.33-ft e.84-ft <.33-ft (therefore eccentricity is okay) B = L - e = 4-ft (.84-ft) = 0.3-ft Eq. v = o V V F sin 35,000 lb/ft 3,500 lb/ft 7,943 lb/ft (sin 0 ) = L e 4 - ft - (.84 - ft) = 3,734 lb/ft Eq. 3 MSEW Screen Shot of Meyerhof stress distribution, vertical overburden stress and eccentricity. Bearing capacity factors can be found in most Foundation Engineering text books or by applying the following formulas, in this example for f =8-degrees: N q = tan (45 + ) e tan = 4.7 Eq. 4 N c = (N q ) cot = 5.80 Eq. 5 N = (N q + ) tan = 6.7 Eq. 6 q ult = c f N c + f B N (this is the ultimate bearing capacity) Eq. 7 q ult = (0-psf) (5.80) + (0-lb/ft 3 ) (0.3-ft) (6.7) = 9,48 lb/ft FS BC = q ult ' v = 9,48lb/ft 3,734 lb/ft =.54 >.0 therefore meets requirement. Eq. 8 e L. 84 ft 4 ft = 0.3 Eq. 9 Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 5 of 4
6 ~ Internal Factors of Safety for Sliding, Overstress, Pullout and Connection Determine the reinforcement Long Term Design Strength of a High Strength Geotextile T ult = Ultimate Geosynthetic Strength (from manufacturer) = 7,00 lb/ft RF CR = Creep Reduction Factor (from manufacturer) =.68 RF ID = Installation Damage Reduction Factor (from manufacturer) =.0 RF D = Durability Reduction Factor (from manufacturer) =.0 LTDS = Tult RFcr RFid RFd = 7,00 lb/ft = 3,74 lb/ft Eq. 0 Determine Internal Active Earth Pressure Coefficient K a(int) = sin sin = sin 35 sin 35 = 0.7 Eq. Determine Reinforcement Pullout Properties F* = tan = tan 35 o = Pullout Resistant Factor Eq. R c =.0 00% Geosynthetic Coverage C i = 0.9 Coefficient of Interaction (from manufacturer) C ds = 0.8 Coefficient of Direct Sliding (from manufacturer) C =.0 (for geotextile or geogrid) Reinforcement effective unit parameter =.0 Scale correction factor (from manufacturer) Calculate maximum tensile force in each reinforcement layer. We need to determine horizontal stress ( H ) along the potential failure line from the weight of the reinforced fill (Z) plus, if present uniform surcharge loads (q) and concentrated surcharge loads v and H. Z = distance from top of wall to reinforcement layer = surcharge load due to sloping backfill H = horizontal surcharge load due to footing Layer 9 z= 3.5 z= 9.5 v = vertical surcharge load due to footing q = traffic surcharge = 50-lb/ft 0' Layer 6 z= 5.5 H = horizontal stress = K a(int) v + H Layer 3 v = vertical stress = Z + + q + v 4' Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 6 of 4
7 Given no slopes or footing loads:, H and v = 0-psf For this sample problem we will calculate the vertical and horozontal stress at three geosynthetic layers located at a depth of 3.5-ft, 9.5-ft and 5.5-ft from the top of wall. v(n) = Z (n) + + q + v Eq. 3 v(3) = (5 lb/ft 3 ) (5.5-ft) + 0-lb/ft + 50-lb/ft + 0-lb/ft =,88 lb/ft v(6) = (5 lb/ft 3 ) (9.5-ft) + 0-lb/ft + 50-lb/ft + 0-lb/ft =,438 lb/ft v(9) = (5 lb/ft 3 ) (3.5-ft) + 0-lb/ft + 50-lb/ft + 0-lb/ft = 688 lb/ft h(n) = K a(int) v(n) + H Eq. 4 h(3) = (0.7) (,88 lb/ft ) + 0-lb/ft = 593 lb/ft h(6) = (0.7) (,438 lb/ft ) + 0-lb/ft = 390 lb/ft h(9) = (0.7) (688 lb/ft ) + 0-lb/ft = 86 lb/ft Calculate the maximum tension (T max ) in each reinforcement layer. The maximum vertical spacing (S v ) between reinforcement layers is limited to.0-ft. T max(n) = ( h(n) ) (S v ) Eq. 5 T max(3) = (593 lb/ft ) (.0-ft) =,86 lb/ft T max(6) = (390 lb/ft ) (.0-ft) = 779 lb/ft T max(9) = (86 lb/ft ) (.0-ft) = 373 lb/ft Calculate the Factor of Safety for Reinforcement Overstress in each reinforcement layer. FS OS(n) = FS OS(3) = FS OS(6) = FS OS(9) = LTDS T ( n) max( n) 3,74 lb/ft,86 lb/ft 3,74 lb/ft 779 lb/ft 3,74 lb/ft 373 lb/ft Eq. 6 =.76 > >.50 ok = 4.0 > >.50 ok = > >.50 ok Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 7 of 4
8 Observation: The factor of safety for reinforcement overstress increases in the upper portion of the wall due to the lower stress level. In this example we are using one type of reinforcement for design, however in a real application two or three types of reinforcement types may be used with highest strength reinforcement in the lower portion of the wall where the stress is high and lower strength reinforcement in the upper portion of the wall where horizontal stresses are lower. Stability with respect to reinforcements pullout requires the following criteria be satisfied T max = F* Z p L e C R c Eq. 7 FS po where: FS PO = Safety factor against pullout >.5 Rc = Coverage ratio T max = Maximum reinforcement tension = Scale correction factor C = for geogrid or geotextile F* = Pullout resistance factor Z p = Overburden pressure, including distributed dead load surcharges, neglecting traffic loads (see Figure 30 in NHI ). Le = Length of embedment in the resisting zone. Note that the boundary between the resisting and active zones may be modified by concentrated loadings. Required embedment length in reinforced zone beyond the potential failure surface is determined from: L e(n) > C F * c i.5 T max( n) Z R ( n) Determine the active zone (L a ) for each reinforcement layer. c Eq. 8 L a(n) = (H z (n) ) tan(45-/) Eq. 9 L a(3) = (0-ft 5.5-ft) tan(45-35 o /) =.34-ft L a(6) = (0-ft 9.5-ft) tan(45-35 o La Le /) = 5.47-ft L a(9) = (0-ft 3.5-ft) tan(45-35 o /) = 8.59-ft Determine the actual design embedment length for (L e ) for each reinforcement layer. Active Zone Layer 9 z 9 =3.5 z 6 =9.5 L e(n) = L L a(n) Eq. 30 L e(3) = 4-ft.34-ft =.66-ft 0' Layer 6 Resistant Zone z 3 =5.5 L e(6) = 4-ft 5.47-ft = 8.53-ft L e(9) = 4-ft 8.59-ft = 5.4-ft Layer 3 Theoretical failure plane at 45+/ 4' Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 8 of 4
9 Determine the Factor of Safety for Pullout for each reinforcement layer. C F * ci Z FS po(n) = T ( n) max( n) L e( n) R c Eq. 3 FS po(3) = 3 (.0)(0.7)(0.9)(5 lb / ft )(5.5 ft)(.66,86 lb / ft ft)(.0)(.0) = >.50 ok FS po(6) = 3 (.0)(0.7)(0.9)(5 lb / ft )(9.5 ft)( lb / ft ft)(.0)(.0) = >.50 ok FS po(9) = 3 (.0)(0.7)(0.9)(5 lb / ft )(3.5 ft)( lb / ft ft)(.0)(.0) = 8.00 >.50 ok Stability analysis with respect to Internal Sliding along individual reinforcement layers. FS SL(n) = FR tan = F D V ( n ) tan F F (3) (3) Eq. 3 = tan - (C ds *tan ) = tan - (0.8 tan 35 o ) = 9.56 o Eq. 33 Previously defined or calculated terms/values to be used in internal sliding calculations: K a(ext) = 0.36 = 5-lb/ft 3 z (3) = 5.5-ft z (9) = 3.5-ft = 9.56 o q traffic = 50-lb/ft r = 0-lb/ft 3 z (6) = 9.5-ft L = 4-ft Internal Factor of Safety for Sliding on Layer 3 q=50-psf F (3) = ½ r z (3) K a(ext) F (3) = ½ (0 lb/ft 3 ) (5.5-ft) (0.36) = 4,77 lb/ft F (3) = q z (3) K a(ext) F (3) = (50 lb/ft ) (5.5-ft) (0.36) =,399 lb/ft V (3) = z (3) L V (3) = (5 lb/ft 3 ) (5.5-ft) (4-ft) = 7,5 lb/ft z V(3) Layer 3 z 3 / F(3) F(3) z 3 /3 FS SL(3) = V ( n ) tan F (3) F (3) 4' FS SL(3) = 7,5 lb/ft(tan9.56) 4,77lb/ft,399 lb/ft =.463 >.50 ok Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 9 of 4
10 Internal Factor of Safety for Sliding on Layer 6 A SunCam online continuing education course q=50-psf F (6) = ½ r z (6) K a(ext) F (6) = ½ (0 lb/ft 3 ) (9.5-ft) (0.36) =,79 lb/ft F (6) = q z (6) K a(ext) F (6) = (50 lb/ft ) (9.5-ft) (0.36) = 857 lb/ft z V(6) Layer 6 z 6 / F(6) F(6) z 6 /3 V (6) = z (6) L V (6) = (5 lb/ft 3 ) (9.5-ft) (4-ft) = 6,65 lb/ft FS SL(6) = V ( n ) tan F (6) F (6) 4' FS SL(6) = 6,65 lb/ft(tan9.56),79 lb/ft 857 lb/ft = 3.55 >.50 ok Internal Factor of Safety for Sliding on Layer 9 q=50-psf F (9) = ½ r z (9) K a(ext) F (6) = ½ (0 lb/ft 3 ) (3.5-ft) (0.36) = 43 lb/ft F (9) = q z (9) K a(ext) F (9) = (50 lb/ft ) (3.5-ft) (0.36) = 36 lb/ft z V(9) Layer 9 z 9 / F(9) F(9) z 9 /3 V (9) = z (9) L V (9) = (5 lb/ft 3 ) (3.5-ft) (4-ft) = 6,5 lb/ft FS SL(9) = V ( n ) tan F (9) F (9) 4' FS SL(9) = 6,5 lb/ft(tan9.56) 43 lb/ft 36 lb/ft = 6.36 >.50 ok Observation: The factor of safety for internal direct sliding increases as you move from the bottom of wall to the top of wall. This is due to the fact that the reinforcement length remains constant at L-4-ft throughout the wall height while the horizontal force on a given reinforcement layer decreases as reinforcement elevation increases. In short internal direct sliding controls the design lengths at the bottom of the wall, whereas pullout failure controls the design lengths at the top of wall as previously calculated. Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 0 of 4
11 Screen shot from program MSEW 3.0 with respect to internal sliding and external sliding. Screen shot from program MSEW 3.0 with respect to bearing capacity. Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page of 4
12 Internal eccentricity calculations for each reinforcement layer. Note ASSHTO/FHWA does not require an evaluation of e/l, the calculation provide here is for information only. Reinforcement Layer 3 M R(3) = V(3) L = (7,5 lb/ft) (4-ft) = 89,875 lb-ft M O(3) = 3 F(3) z (3) + F(3) z (3) = 3 (4,47 lb/ft)(5.5-ft) + (,399 lb/ft)(5.5-ft) = 35,49 lb-ft FS OT(3) = e M M M R(3) O(3) M L R( 3) O(3) L RBC(3) 6 89,875 lb - ft = 3.45 >.0 35,49 lb - ft 4 - ft 89,875 lb - ft 35,49 lb - ft e =.308-ft 7,5 lb/ft e L ft = ft z Layer 3 V(3) 7,5 lb/ft Layer 3 q=50-psf F(3)=,3 99 lb /ft F(3) =4,7 7 lb /ft z 3 /3 z 3 / Reinforcement Layer 6 4' M R(6) = V(6) L = (6,65 lb/ft) (4-ft) = 6,375 lb-ft M O(6) = 3 F(3) z (6) + F(3) z (6) = 3 (,79 lb/ft)(5.5-ft) + (857 lb/ft)(5.5-ft) = 9,745 lb-ft FS OT(3) = M M R(6) O(6) 6,375 lb - ft =.94 >.0 9,745 lb - ft Layer 6 q=50-psf e M M L R( 3) O(6) L RBC(6) ft 6,375 lb - ft 9,745 lb - ft e = ft 6,65 lb/ft z V(6) 6,65 lb/ft Layer 6 F(6)=857 lb/ft z 6 / z 6 /3 F(6)=,7 9 lb /ft e ft L 4 - ft = ' Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page of 4
13 Reinforcement Layer 9 A SunCam online continuing education course M R(9) = V(9) L = (6,5 lb/ft) (4-ft) = 4,875 lb-ft M O(9) = 3 F(3) z (9) + F(3) z (9) = 3 (34 lb/ft)(5.5-ft) + (36 lb/ft)(5.5-ft) = 836 lb-ft FS OT(3) = M M R(6) O(6) 4,875 lb - ft = 5.5 > lb - ft Layer 9 q=50-psf L e M M R( 9) O(9) L RBC(9) ft 4,875 lb - ft 836 lb - ft e = 0.37-ft 6,5 lb/ft z V(9) Layer 9 6,5 lb/ft F(9)= 34 lb /ft z 9 /3 z 9 / F(9)=3 6 lb /ft e ft L 4 - ft = ' Observation: The factor of safety for overturning increases dramatically as you move from the bottom of wall to the top of wall. Resisting and overturning moments both decrease as you move from the bottom of wall to the top wall with overturning moments decreasing at a much faster rate than the resisting moments; this is due to the fact that the reinforcement length remains constant at L-4-ft throughout the wall height. In actual design overturning for external or internal stability is performed to determine the eccentricity needed for bearing capacity analysis. Furthermore overturning never controls the design reinforcement length that is typically controlled by either sliding at the bottom of the wall pullout at the top of wall or overall global stability. Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 3 of 4
14 Stability analysis with respect to Connection Capacity Connection capacity results for the high strength geotextile indicate the connection capacity is T conn(n) =,585-lb/ft + N tan 3 o Eq. 34 N (n) = z (n) block (this is the normal load on the connection) Eq. 35 block RF D = -lb/ft 3 (provided by block manufacturer based on connection test data) =.0 (reduction factor for durability at the connection) RF CR =.45 (reduction factor for creep at the connection) The mode of failure should still be considered to be pullout if longitudinal ribs in geogrids do not rupture, with longitudinal being defined as the direction of the applied load, or for geotextiles if significant ripping of the geotextile perpendicular to the direction of loading does not occur. T sc is defined as the peak load per unit reinforcement width obtained in the connection strength test, where pullout is known to be the mode of failure, or the load at which the end of the reinforcement between the facing blocks deflects 5 mm. T ultconn is defined as the peak load per unit reinforcement width where rupture is the mode of failure in the connection strength test. T Lot is the ultimate wide width tensile strength (ASTM D-4595) for the reinforcement material lot used for the connection strength testing. Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 4 of 4
15 CR u(n) = CR s(n) = T T T ultconn (n) T Lot (n) sc(n) Lot (n) A SunCam online continuing education course Eq. 36 Eq. 37 T ac(rup) = T Lot RF D CR RF u CR (connection capacity based of reinforcement rupture or break) Eq. 38 T ac (po) = (T lot ) (CR S ) (connection capacity based of reinforcement pullout) Eq. 39 FS (rup) = T ac(rup) T max (connection factor of safety based of reinforcement rupture or break) Eq. 40 FS (po) = T ac(po) T max (connection factor of safety based of reinforcement pullout) Eq. 4 Reinforcement Layer 3 T max(3) =,86-lb/ft (previously calculated when determining FS OS ) z (3) = 5.5-ft N (3) = (5.5-ft) (-lb/ft 3 ) =,736-lb/ft T conn(3) =,585-lb/ft +,736-lb/ft (tan 3 o ) CR u(3) = 3,68- lb/ft 7,00 - lb/ft = 3,68-lb/ft = CR s(3) = T ac(rup) = 3,68- lb/ft 7,00 - lb/ft (7,00 - lb/ft) (0.5039) (.0) (.45) = =,75-lb/ft T ac(po) = ( 7,00 - lb/ft ) (0.5039) = 3,68-lb/ft FS (rup) = FS (po) =,75- lb/ft,86 - lb/ft 3,68 - lb/ft,86 - lb/ft =.9 >.50 ok = 3.06 >.50 ok Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 5 of 4
16 Reinforcement Layer 6 T max(6) = 779-lb/ft (previously calculated when determining FS OS ) z (6) = 9.5-ft N (6) = (9.5-ft) (-lb/ft 3 ) =,064-lb/ft T conn(6) =,585-lb/ft +,064-lb/ft (tan 3 o ) = 3,4-lb/ft CR u(6) = 3,4 - lb/ft 7,00 - lb/ft = CR s(6) = T ac(rup) = 3,4 - lb/ft 7,00 - lb/ft (7,00 - lb/ft) (0.4478) (.0) (.45) = =,0-lb/ft T ac(po) = ( 7,00 - lb/ft ) ( ) = 3,4-lb/ft FS (rup) =,0 - lb/ft lb/ft =.59 >.50 ok CR s(9) = T ac(rup) = (7,00 - lb/ft) (0.397) (.0) (.45) = =,768-lb/ft T ac(po) = ( 7,00 - lb/ft ) (0.397) =,8-lb/ft FS (rup) = FS (po) = FS (po) = 3,4 - lb/ft lb/ft = 4.4 >.50 ok Reinforcement Layer 9 T max(9) = 373-lb/ft (previously calculated when determining FS OS ) z (9) = 3.5-ft N (9) = (3.5-ft) (-lb/ft 3 ) = 39-lb/ft T conn(9) =,585-lb/ft + 39-lb/ft (tan 3 o ) =,8-lb/ft CR u(9) =,8- lb/ft 7,00 - lb/ft = 0.397,8- lb/ft 7,00 - lb/ft,768 - lb/ft lb/ft,8- lb/ft lb/ft = 4.75 >.50 ok = 7.57 >.50 ok Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 6 of 4
17 Global Stability Analysis A SunCam online continuing education course A global stability analyses is presented for the wall by modeling the same wall height (H=0-ft), live load traffic loading conditions of q=50-psf and soil strength/unit weight properties. The geosynthetic-reinforcement length and vertical spacing modeled in the global stability analyses was determined by hand calculation and verified with program MSEW (3.0) using the FHWA NHI methodology as shown in Part of this course. Global stability analyses are sensitive to soil strength parameters therefore changes, differences or variances between assumed strength parameters that may have been made in stability analyses and actual site specific strength parameters can significantly affect the type and length of the geosynthetic-reinforcement required. Commentary on Cohesion and Factor of Safety in Global Stability Analyses Cohesion has major effects on stability and the long-term effective strength value of cohesion is not always certain. Furthermore, cohesive backfill in made-made embankments (if at all used) is likely to be normally consolidated. Consequently, it is often assumed in practice that for design purposes the apparent cohesion is zero (c=0-psf), especially under drained loading conditions. If cohesive fill is used, extreme care should be used when specifying the cohesion value. Cohesion has significant effects on stability and thus the required reinforcement strength. In fact, a small value of cohesion will indicate that no reinforcement at all is needed at the upper portion of a MSE wall. However, over the long-run cohesion of manmade structures tends to drop and nearly diminish. Since long-term stability of MSE walls is of major concern, it is perhaps wise to ignore the cohesion altogether. It is therefore recommended to limit the design value of cohesion to 00-psf but only in residual soil and no cohesion in fill soil. Global stability for this example is analyzed using the commercially available two-dimensional slope stability program ReSSA (v3.0), screen shots provided from program ReSSA by permission of the software developer Adama Engineering ( Global stability analyses were performed using Bishop's method of slices (Bishop, 955), which accounts for moment equilibrium used for circular searches; and Spencer's method (Spencer, 973), which accounts for force and moment equilibrium used for circular and non-circular searches. Spencer s factor of safety best represents the most precise factor of safety against global stability for non-circular slip surfaces, although factor of safety results for circular and non-circular slip surfaces are often similar using Bishop, Janbu, or Spencer's method if the slip surface is uniform as in the case of circular surfaces. It is generally accepted to use Bishop's method of slices for circular searches. Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 7 of 4
18 Once the geometry, soil properties and loading are input the engineer needs to set upper and lower limits to find the minimum factor of safety. The ReSSA program will display all internal, compound internal and deep seated circles to be analyzed. Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 8 of 4
19 The critical slip surface or slip surface with the lowest safety factor is shown; this is the factor of safety. For this section Fs=.49. A safety map can be generated that shows all slip surfaces and associated safety factors along with the section factor of safety, Fs= Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 9 of 4
20 Translational analysis looks at internal sliding planes based on a -part wedge. Reinforcement strength and length is key to this analysis. A safety map can be generated that shows all slip surfaces and associated safety factors along with the section factor of safety, Fs= Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 0 of 4
21 3-part wedge analysis set up with passive/active search box, entrance/exit angles and incremental sensitivity. Safety map generated showing all slip surfaces and associated safety factors along with the section factor of safety, Fs= Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page of 4
22 Compilation of all three analyses: Fs=.49 Bishop Circular Fs=.63 Spencer -Part Wedge Fs=.33 Spencer 3-Part Wedge Global stability results indicate the most critical slip surface passes below and behind the reinforced zone. Safety maps for all three analyses (circular, -part wedge and 3-part wedge) indicate safety factors within the reinforced zone are greater than.50. The lowest factors of safety is Fs=.33, which would meet the minimum requirement for most jurisdictions unless otherwise specified to be greater than Fs= Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page of 4
23 REFERENCES ADAMA Engineering, Inc., ) Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls MSEW v3.0 and ) Reinforced Slope Stability Analysis ReSSA v3.0, Newark, DL, Bishop, A.W., "The Use of the Slip Circle in the Stability Analysis of Slopes", Geotechnique, 955, Vol. No., pp Bernardi, M. and Fitzpatrick, B.J., Connection Capacity of Precast Concrete Segmental Units and Geogrids: Testing and Design Considerations. Geosynthetics Conference 99, Boston, Massachusetts, April 8 to 9, 999. Bowles, J.E., "Foundation Analysis and Design", 4th Ed, McGraw Hill, NY, New York, 988, pp Collin, J.G., "Design Manual for Segmented Retaining Walls Second Edition Second Printing ", National Concrete Masonry Association, 30 Horse Pen Road Herndon, VA USA, 997, 89 pp. Das, B. M., "Principles of Foundation Engineer", PWS Kent Boston, Massachusetts, 984, pp. 595 pp. Design Manual - Soil Mechanics, Foundations, and Earth Structures, NAVFAC DM-7, Department of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, March 97. Elias, V., Christopher, B.R., Berg, R.R., "Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls and Reinforced Soil Slopes Design and Construction Guidelines", Publication No. FHWA NHI , March 00, 394 pp. Fitzpatrick, B.J., Letter to the Editor. Geosynthetics Magazine, October Issue 006. Fitzpatrick, B.J., How Global Stability Analysis Can Make a World of Difference on Your Next Project, Retaining Ideas Volume 4 Issue, Anchor Retaining Walls 999. Holtz R.D. and Kovacs, W.D., "An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering", Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 98, 733 pp. Janbu, N., "Slope Stability Computations", The Embankment Dam Engineering, Casagrande Volume, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 973, pp Simac, M.R., Fitzpatrick, B., (00) Design and Procurement Challenges for MSE Structures: Options going forward Earth Retention 00, Seattle, Washington, August 00. Simac, M.R., Fitzpatrick, B., (008) Part 3B - Three Challenges in Building SRWs and other Reinforced-Soil Structures Construction Observation Aspects Geosynthetics Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 5, August-September Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 3 of 4
24 Simac, M.R., Fitzpatrick, B., (008) Part 3A - Three Challenges in Building SRWs and other Reinforced-Soil Structures Construction Aspects Geosynthetics Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 4, June-July 008. Simac, M.R., Fitzpatrick, B., (008) Part B Three Challenges in Building SRWs and other Reinforced-Soil Structures MSE Designer Aspects Geosynthetics Magazine, Vol. 6, No. 3, April-May 008. Simac, M.R., Fitzpatrick, B., (008) Part A Three Challenges in Building SRWs and other Reinforced-Soil Structures - Site Design and Geotechnical Aspects Geosynthetics Magazine, Vol. 6, No., February-March 008. Simac, M.R., Fitzpatrick, B., (007) Part Three Challenges in Building SRWs and other Reinforced-Soil Structures - Options for buying the SRW Geosynthetics Magazine, Vol 5, No 5, October-November 007. Spencer, E., "A Method of Analysis of the Stability of Embankments Assuming Parallel Inter- Slice Forces", Geotechnique, 967, XVII, No., pp Copyright 0 Blaise J. Fitzpatrick, P.E. Page 4 of 4
AB Engineering Manual
AB Engineering Manual Allan Block Retaining Walls Excerptfrom theabengineeringmanualforretainingwals CHAPTER FIVE Seismic Analysis Introduction In seismic design we take a dynamic force and analyze it
More informationDesign of Reinforced Soil Walls By Lrfd Approach
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684, PP: 16-26 www.iosrjournals.org Design of Reinforced Soil Walls By Lrfd Approach A.D. Maskar 1, N.T. Suryawanshi 2 1 Assistant
More informationDesign of Geo-Synthetic Retaining Walls as an Alternative to the Reinforced Concrete Walls in Jordan
American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-issn: 2320-0847 p-issn : 2320-0936 Volume-6, Issue-12, pp-301-312 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access Design of Geo-Synthetic Retaining Walls as an
More informationAB Engineering Manual
AB Engineering Manual Allan Block Retaining Walls This manual presents the techniques used by Allan Block in our engineering practice to design retaining walls. It is not intended as a textbook of soil
More informationGEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ECG 503 LECTURE NOTE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RETAINING STRUCTURES
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ECG 503 LECTURE NOTE 07 3.0 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RETAINING STRUCTURES LEARNING OUTCOMES Learning outcomes: At the end of this lecture/week the students would be able to: Understand
More informationAB Engineering Manual
AB Engineering Manual Allan Block Retaining Walls FOREWORD This manual presents the techniques used by Allan Block in our engineering practice to design retaining walls. It is not intended as a textbook
More informationReinforced Soil Structures Reinforced Soil Walls. Prof K. Rajagopal Department of Civil Engineering IIT Madras, Chennai
Geosynthetics and Reinforced Soil Structures Reinforced Soil Walls continued Prof K. Rajagopal Department of Civil Engineering IIT Madras, Chennai e-mail: gopalkr@iitm.ac.inac in Outline of the Lecture
More informationSHEET PILE WALLS. Mehdi Mokhberi Islamic Azad University
SHEET PILE WALLS Mehdi Mokhberi Islamic Azad University Lateral Support In geotechnical engineering, it is often necessary to prevent lateral soil movements. Tie rod Anchor Sheet pile Cantilever retaining
More informationCompute the lateral force per linear foot with sloping backfill and inclined wall. Use Equation No. 51, page 93. Press ENTER.
Sample Problems Problem 5.1 A gravity retaining wall is supporting a cohesionless soil. The active lateral force per linear foot of the retaining wall is most nearly (A) 5,000 lb/ft (B) 6,000 lb/ft (C)
More informationRETAINING WALL LOADS: Horizontal Equivalent Fluid Pressure = pcf. (Load Case = Soil)
QuickWall 8.0 - RETAINING WALL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ================================================================================ Job ID : Job Description : Designed By : ================================================================================
More informationRAMWALL DESIGN METHODOLOGY
RAMWALL DESIGN METHODOLOGY Submitted by:. June 005 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Page. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS & ABBREVIATIONS 1 3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY / THEORY 3.1 General 3. Internal Analysis 4 3.3 External
More informationGuide to Passing the Civil PE Exam Geotechnical AM Edition 1. Michael Frolov, P.E. Mark F. DeSantis, P.E., PMP
Guide to Passing the Civil PE Exam Geotechnical AM Edition 1 Michael Frolov, P.E. Mark F. DeSantis, P.E., PMP ii TOPICS Topic Page TOPIC III: Soil Mechanics... 1-67 TOPIC IV: Structural Mechanics... 68-88
More informationvulcanhammer.net This document downloaded from
This document downloaded from vulcanhammer.net since 1997, your source for engineering information for the deep foundation and marine construction industries, and the historical site for Vulcan Iron Works
More informationEarthquake Resistant Design of Reinforced Soil Structures Using Pseudo Static Method
American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2 (3): 565-572, 2009 ISSN 1941-7020 2009 Science Publications Earthquake Resistant Design of Reinforced Soil Structures Using Pseudo Static Method B. Munwar
More informationGEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE Prof. J. N. Mandal Department of civil engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. Tel.022-25767328 email: cejnm@civil.iitb.ac.in Module - 4
More informationModule 7 (Lecture 27) RETAINING WALLS
Module 7 (Lecture 27) RETAINING WALLS Topics 1.1 RETAINING WALLS WITH METALLIC STRIP REINFORCEMENT Calculation of Active Horizontal and vertical Pressure Tie Force Factor of Safety Against Tie Failure
More informationDesign of RC Retaining Walls
Lecture - 09 Design of RC Retaining Walls By: Prof Dr. Qaisar Ali Civil Engineering Department UET Peshawar www.drqaisarali.com 1 Topics Retaining Walls Terms Related to Retaining Walls Types of Retaining
More informationChapter (3) Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations
Chapter (3) Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Introduction To perform satisfactorily, shallow foundations must have two main characteristics: 1. They have to be safe against overall shear
More informationModule 7 (Lecture 25) RETAINING WALLS
Module 7 (Lecture 25) RETAINING WALLS Topics Check for Bearing Capacity Failure Example Factor of Safety Against Overturning Factor of Safety Against Sliding Factor of Safety Against Bearing Capacity Failure
More information(Refer Slide Time: 01:15)
Soil Mechanics Prof. B.V.S. Viswanathan Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Lecture 56 Stability analysis of slopes II Welcome to lecture two on stability analysis of
More informationObjectives. In this section you will learn the following. Development of Bearing Capacity Theory. Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Theory
Objectives In this section you will learn the following Development of Bearing Capacity Theory Terzaghi's Bearing Capacity Theory Assumptions in Terzaghi s Bearing Capacity Theory. Meyerhof's Bearing Capacity
More informationDr. Mohammed E. Haque, P.E. Lecture Notes
nalysis of Selected Determinate Structural Systems Planar Trusses Method of Joints Planar Trusses Method of Sections Pinned Frames with Multi-force Members Retaining Walls OS321Haque 1 Planar Trusses Method
More informationInternational Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF): 1.711 e-issn: 2349-9745 p-issn: 2393-8161 International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research www.ijmter.com STABILITY ANALYSIS OF DOWNSTREAM SLOPE
More informationPRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
PRINCIPLES OF GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Fourth Edition BRAJA M. DAS California State University, Sacramento I(T)P Boston Albany Bonn Cincinnati London Madrid Melbourne Mexico City New York Paris San Francisco
More informationA design Model for Pile Walls Used to Stabilize Landslides
WV DOH RP #121 Experimental and Analytical Behavior of Slide Suppressors Embedded in Bedrock A design Model for Pile Walls Used to Stabilize Landslides By: Tia Maria Richardson, P.E. Principal Investigator
More informationINTI COLLEGE MALAYSIA
EGC373 (F) / Page 1 of 5 INTI COLLEGE MALAYSIA UK DEGREE TRANSFER PROGRAMME INTI ADELAIDE TRANSFER PROGRAMME EGC 373: FOUNDATION ENGINEERING FINAL EXAMINATION : AUGUST 00 SESSION This paper consists of
More informationDESIGN AND DETAILING OF COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL
DESIGN AND DETAILING OF COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL When the height of the retaining wall exceeds about 6 m, the thickness of the stem and heel slab works out to be sufficiently large and the design becomes
More informationBEARING CAPACITY SHALLOW AND DEEP FOUNDATIONS
BEARING CAPACITY SHALLOW AND DEEP FOUNDATIONS CONTENTS: 1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS 2.1 Design criteria 2.2 Spreading load 2.3 Types of foundations 2.4 Ground failure modes 2.5 Definitions
More informationA Study on Reliability Analysis for Reinforced Earth Retaining Walls
A Study on Reliability Analysis for Reinforced Earth Retaining Walls Byung Sik, Chun Department of Civil Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea(Rep.) hengdang@unitel.co.kr Kyung Min, Kim Department
More informationFHWA/IN/JTRP-2008/5. Final Report. Dongwook Kim Rodrigo Salgado
FHWA/IN/JTRP-2008/5 Final Report LIMIT STATES AND LOAD AND RESISTANCE DESIGN OF SLOPES AND RETAINING STRUCTURES Dongwook Kim Rodrigo Salgado January 2009 INDOT Research TECHNICAL Summary Technology Transfer
More informationALUMINUM STRUCTURAL PLATE HEADWALLS AASHTO LRFD BASIS OF DESIGN
ALUMINUM STRUCTURAL PLATE EADWALLS AASTO LRFD BASIS OF DESIGN LANE ENTERPRISES, INC. www.lane-enterprises.com Required Backfill and Load Cases: ALUMINUM STRUCTURAL PLATE EADWALLS BASIS OF DESIGN Backfill
More informationINTRODUCTION TO STATIC ANALYSIS PDPI 2013
INTRODUCTION TO STATIC ANALYSIS PDPI 2013 What is Pile Capacity? When we load a pile until IT Fails what is IT Strength Considerations Two Failure Modes 1. Pile structural failure controlled by allowable
More informationShear Strength of Soils
Shear Strength of Soils STRESSES IN A SOIL ELEMENT t s v Analyze Effective Stresses (s ) Load carried by Soil t Where: s H t t s H s = t f = s v = s H = t = s v Stresses in a Soil Element after Figure
More informationThis document downloaded from vulcanhammer.net vulcanhammer.info Chet Aero Marine
This document downloaded from vulcanhammer.net vulcanhammer.info Chet Aero Marine Don t forget to visit our companion site http://www.vulcanhammer.org Use subject to the terms and conditions of the respective
More informationOP-13. PROCEDURES FOR DESIGN OF EMBANKMENT
Page 1 of 8 WORK INSTRUCTIONS FOR ENGINEERS TYC Compiled by : LSS Checked by : GSS Approved by : OP-13. PROCEDURES FOR DESIGN OF EMBANKMENT Page of 8 13.0 13.1. OVERALL PROCEDURES This section will briefly
More informationEarth Pressure Theory
Lateral Earth Pressure Page 1 Earth Pressure Theory Examples of Retaining Walls Lateral Earth Pressure Page 2 At-Rest, Active and Passive Earth Pressure Wednesday, August 17, 2011 12:45 PM At-rest condition
More informationFoundation Engineering Prof. Dr N.K. Samadhiya Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Foundation Engineering Prof. Dr N.K. Samadhiya Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Module 01 Lecture - 03 Shallow Foundation So, in the last lecture, we discussed the
More informationPullout Tests of Geogrids Embedded in Non-cohesive Soil
Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics Vol. 51 (2004), No. 2, pp. 135 147 Pullout Tests of Geogrids Embedded in Non-cohesive Soil Angelika Duszyńska, Adam F. Bolt Gdansk University of
More informationAn analytical expression for the dynamic active thrust from c-φ soil backfill on retaining walls with wall friction and adhesion
Geomechanics and Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3 (2012) 209-218 209 Technical Note An analytical expression for the dynamic active thrust from c-φ soil backfill on retaining walls with wall friction and adhesion
More informationCh 4a Stress, Strain and Shearing
Ch. 4a - Stress, Strain, Shearing Page 1 Ch 4a Stress, Strain and Shearing Reading Assignment Ch. 4a Lecture Notes Sections 4.1-4.3 (Salgado) Other Materials Handout 4 Homework Assignment 3 Problems 4-13,
More informationULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF ECCENTRICALLY LOADED STRIP FOUNDATION ON SAND REINFORCED WITH GEOGRIDS
ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY OF ECCENTRICALLY LOADED STRIP FOUNDATION ON SAND REINFORCED WITH GEOGRIDS C. R. Patra National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India B. M. Das California State University,
More informationCHAPTER 8 CALCULATION THEORY
CHAPTER 8 CALCULATION THEORY. Volume 2 CHAPTER 8 CALCULATION THEORY Detailed in this chapter: the theories behind the program the equations and methods that are use to perform the analyses. CONTENTS CHAPTER
More informationSlope stability software for soft soil engineering. D-Geo Stability. Verification Report
Slope stability software for soft soil engineering D-Geo Stability Verification Report D-GEO STABILITY Slope stability software for soft soil engineering Verification Report Version: 16.2 Revision: 00
More informationIntroduction to Geotechnical Engineering. ground
Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering ground 1 Typical Geotechnical Project Geo-Laboratory ~ for testing soil properties Design Office ~ for design & analysis construction site 2 Shallow Foundations
More informationUNIT V. The active earth pressure occurs when the wall moves away from the earth and reduces pressure.
UNIT V 1. Define Active Earth pressure. The active earth pressure occurs when the wall moves away from the earth and reduces pressure. 2. Define Passive Earth pressure. The passive earth pressure occurs
More informationChapter 4 Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures
Chapter 4 Seismic Design Requirements for Building Structures where: F a = 1.0 for rock sites which may be assumed if there is 10 feet of soil between the rock surface and the bottom of spread footings
More informationGeotechnical Parameters for Retaining Wall Design
11 th October 2012 Geotechnical Parameters for Retaining Wall Design Tanya Kouzmin 1 Most geotechnical failures are of retaining walls Are failure caused by WRONG calculations? Not usually calculation
More informationThe Bearing Capacity of Soils. Dr Omar Al Hattamleh
The Bearing Capacity of Soils Dr Omar Al Hattamleh Example of Bearing Capacity Failure Omar Play the move of bearing Capacity failure The Philippine one Transcona Grain Silos Failure - Canada The Bearing
More informationPiles Capacity Reference Manual
Piles Capacity Reference Manual hetge hetge geotechnics on the go Piles Capacity Reference Manual January 3, 2013 Version: PC-1.3.130103 hetge LLC Moscow Virginia Istanbul E info@hetge.com W www.hetge.com
More informationOVERVIEW REVIEW OF FOUNDATIONS & SOILS ENG.
Soil Borings. 14.485 CAPSTONE DESIGN OVERVIEW REVIEW OF 14.431 FOUNDATIONS & SOILS ENG. Geotechnical Report (not covered). Bearing Pressure Calculations. Settlement Calculations. Lateral Earth Pressure
More informationHURRICANE SANDY LIMITED REEVALUATION REPORT UNION BEACH, NEW JERSEY DRAFT ENGINEERING APPENDIX SUB APPENDIX A PRELIMINARY FLOODWALL DESIGN
HURRICANE SANDY LIMITED REEVALUATION REPORT UNION BEACH, NEW JERSEY DRAFT ENGINEERING APPENDIX SUB APPENDIX A PRELIMINARY FLOODWALL DESIGN March 2014Revised March 2015 UNITED STATES ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
More informationAppraisal of Soil Nailing Design
Indian Geotechnical Journal, 39(1), 2009, 81-95 Appraisal of Soil Nailing Design G. L. Sivakumar Babu * and Vikas Pratap Singh ** Introduction Geotechnical engineers largely prefer soil nailing as an efficient
More informationIntroduction to Soil Mechanics
Introduction to Soil Mechanics Sela Sode and Colin Jones WILEY Blackwell Contents Preface Dedication and Acknowledgments List of Symbols Soil Structure 1.1 Volume relationships 1.1.1 Voids ratio (e) 1.1.2
More informationEN Eurocode 7. Section 3 Geotechnical Data Section 6 Spread Foundations. Trevor L.L. Orr Trinity College Dublin Ireland.
EN 1997 1: Sections 3 and 6 Your logo Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 1 EN 1997-1 Eurocode 7 Section 3 Geotechnical Data Section 6 Spread Foundations Trevor L.L. Orr
More informationTechnical Report Documentation Page 2. Government 3. Recipient s Catalog No.
1. Report No. FHWA/TX-08/0-5506-1 Technical Report Documentation Page 2. Government 3. Recipient s Catalog No. Accession No. 4. Title and Subtitle Design Considerations for MSE Retaining Walls Constructed
More informationMechanically Reinforced Earth for Steep Surcharge Slopes in Proximity of Adjacent Structures to Improve Compressible Soils
Missouri University of Science and Technology Scholars' Mine International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering (2008) - Sixth International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical
More informationDRAFT ONONDAGA LAKE CAPPING AND DREDGE AREA AND DEPTH INITIAL DESIGN SUBMITTAL H.4 SEISMIC SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSES
DRAFT ONONDAGA LAKE CAPPING AND DREDGE AREA AND DEPTH INITIAL DESIGN SUBMITTAL H.4 SEISMIC SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSES Parsons P:\Honeywell -SYR\444576 2008 Capping\09 Reports\9.3 December 2009_Capping and
More informationfile:///d /suhasini/suha/office/html2pdf/ _editable/slides/module%202/lecture%206/6.1/1.html[3/9/2012 4:09:25 PM]
Objectives_template Objectives In this section you will learn the following Introduction Different Theories of Earth Pressure Lateral Earth Pressure For At Rest Condition Movement of the Wall Different
More informationPreferred practice on semi-integral abutment layout falls in the following order:
GENERAL INFORMATION: This section of the chapter establishes the practices and requirements necessary for the design and detailing of semi-integral abutments. For general requirements and guidelines on
More informationEFFECTS OF WATER-LEVEL VARIATION ON THE STABILITY OF SLOPE BY LEM AND FEM
Proceedings of the 3 rd International Conference on Civil Engineering for Sustainable Development (ICCESD 2016), 12~14 February 2016, KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh (ISBN: 978-984-34-0265-3) EFFECTS OF WATER-LEVEL
More informationSeismic Slope Stability
ISSN (e): 2250 3005 Volume, 06 Issue, 04 April 2016 International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) Seismic Slope Stability Mohammad Anis 1, S. M. Ali Jawaid 2 1 Civil Engineering,
More informationPilot Implementation Using Geofoam for Repair of Bridge Approach Slabs
Pilot Implementation Using Geofoam for Repair of Bridge Approach Slabs Anand J. Puppala, Ph.D., P.E., DGE, F.ASCE Distinguished Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering Director, Sustainable and Resilient
More informationStability Analysis of Earth Retaining Walls
6 th International Advanced echnologies Symposium (IAS 11), 16-18 May 11, Elazığ, urkey Stability Analysis of Earth Retaining Walls L. Belabed 1 and J. Yahiaoui 2 1 University of Guelma, Algeria, drbelabed@yahoo.de
More informationLATERAL EARTH PRESSURE AND RETAINING STRUCTURES
Topic Outline LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE AND RETAINING STRUCTURES Types of retaining structures Lateral earth pressure Earth pressure at rest Rankine s Theory Coulomb s Theory Cullman s graphic solution Braced
More informationSample Chapter HELICAL ANCHORS IN SAND 6.1 INTRODUCTION
6 ELICAL ANCORS IN SAN At the present time, limited studies on helical anchors are available, the results of which can be used to estimate their ultimate uplift capacity. In many instances, the ultimate
More informationUNIT II SHALLOW FOUNDATION
Introduction UNIT II SHALLOW FOUNDATION A foundation is a integral part of the structure which transfer the load of the superstructure to the soil. A foundation is that member which provides support for
More informationTopics. Module 3 Lecture 10 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS: ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY NPTEL ADVANCED FOUNDATION ENGINEERING-I
Topics Module 3 Lecture 10 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS: ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY 1.1 THE GENERAL BEARING CAPACITY EQUATION Bearing Capacity Factors General Comments 1.2 EFFECT OF SOIL COMPRESSIBILITY 1.3 ECCENTRICALLY
More informationFOUNDATION ENGINEERING UNIT V
FOUNDATION ENGINEERING UNIT V RETAINING WALLS Plastic equilibrium in soils active and passive states Rankine s theory cohesion less and cohesive soil - Coloumb s wedge theory condition for critical failure
More information3-BEARING CAPACITY OF SOILS
3-BEARING CAPACITY OF SOILS INTRODUCTION The soil must be capable of carrying the loads from any engineered structure placed upon it without a shear failure and with the resulting settlements being tolerable
More informationLECTURE 28. Module 8 : Rock slope stability 8.3 WEDGE FAILURE
LECTURE 28 8.3 WEDGE FAILURE When two or more weak planes in the slope intersect to from a wedge, the slope may fail as wedge failure. The basic condition at which wedge mode of slope failure happens are
More informationA Fundamental Approach for an Investigation of Behavior Characteristics of the Vegetation Structures Using Seeded Sandbags
A Fundamental Approach for an Investigation of Behavior Characteristics of the Vegetation Structures Using Seeded Sandbags H. T. Kim & S. D. Yoo Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea.
More informationStructural Calculations For:
Structural Calculations For: Project: Address: Job No. Revision: Date: 1400 N. Vasco Rd. Livermore, CA 94551 D031014 Delta 1 - Plan Check May 8, 2015 Client: Ferreri & Blau MEMBER REPORT Roof, Typical
More informationEARTH PRESSURES ON RETAINING STRUCTURES
12-1 12. EARTH PRESSURES ON RETAINING STRUCTURES 12.1 Active Pressure and Passive Pressure When a sudden change in level of the ground surface is to be provided for some purpose a retaining structure is
More informationTechnical Supplement 14Q. Abutment Design for Small Bridges. (210 VI NEH, August 2007)
Technical Supplement 14Q (10 VI NEH, August 007) Issued August 007 Cover photo: Design of abutments for small bridges reuires geotechnical analysis. Advisory Note Techniues and approaches contained in
More informationCE 4780 Hurricane Engineering II. Section on Flooding Protection: Earth Retaining Structures and Slope Stability. Table of Content
CE 4780 Hurricane Engineering II Section on Flooding Protection: Earth Retaining Structures and Slope Stability Dante Fratta Fall 00 Table of Content Introduction Shear Strength of Soils Seepage nalysis
More informationIn-class Exercise. Problem: Select load factors for the Strength I and Service I Limit States for the. Loading Diagram for Student Exercise
In-class Exercise Problem: Select load factors for the Strength I and Service I Limit States for the problem illustrated below. Loading Diagram for Student Exercise For this exercise, complete the following
More informationChapter (11) Pile Foundations
Chapter (11) Introduction Piles are structural members that are made of steel, concrete, or timber. They are used to build pile foundations (classified as deep foundations) which cost more than shallow
More informationObjectives. In this section you will learn the following. Rankine s theory. Coulomb s theory. Method of horizontal slices given by Wang (2000)
Objectives In this section you will learn the following Rankine s theory Coulomb s theory Method of horizontal slices given by Wang (2000) Distribution of the earth pressure Height of application of the
More informationSlope Stability Evaluation Ground Anchor Construction Area White Point Landslide San Pedro District Los Angeles, California.
Slope Stability Evaluation Ground Anchor Construction Area White Point Landslide San Pedro District Los Angeles, California Submitted To: Mr. Gene Edwards City of Los Angeles Department of Public Works
More informationChapter 4. Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations. Omitted parts: Sections 4.7, 4.8, 4.13 Examples 4.8, 4.9, 4.
Chapter 4 Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations Omitted parts: Sections 4.7, 4.8, 4.13 Examples 4.8, 4.9, 4.12 Pages 191-194 Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations To perform satisfactorily,
More informationGeotechnical Earthquake Engineering
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering by Dr. Deepankar Choudhury Humboldt Fellow, JSPS Fellow, BOYSCAST Fellow Professor Department of Civil Engineering IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India. Email: dc@civil.iitb.ac.in
More informationUNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH PREDICTION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF GEOCOMPOSITE REINFORCED EMBANKMENT WITH CLAYEY BACKFILL
Proceeding of the 4 th Asian Regional Conference on Geosynthetics June 7 -, 8 Shanghai, China 585 UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH PREDICTION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF GEOCOMPOSITE REINFORCED EMBANKMENT WITH CLAYEY
More information9.13 Fixed Earth-Support Method for Penetration into Sandy Soil
476 Chapter 9: Sheet Pile Walls 9.13 Fixed Earth-Support Method for Penetration into y Soil When using the fixed earth support method, we assume that the toe of the pile is restrained from rotating, as
More informationg e o p i e r u p l i f t r e s i s t a n c e
geopier foundation co inc t e c h n i c a l b u l l e t i n N o. 3 g e o p i e r u p l i f t r e s i s t a n c e This Technical Bulletin discusses the behavior of Geopier Rammed Aggregate Pier elements
More informationNUMERICAL STUDY AND LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN (LRFD) CALIBRATION FOR REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALLS
NUMERICAL STUDY AND LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN (LRFD) CALIBRATION FOR REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALLS By Bing Quan Huang A thesis submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering In conformity with
More information10012 Creviston DR NW Gig Harbor, WA fax
C.R. Laurence Co., Inc. ATTN: Chris Hanstad 2503 East Vernon Los Angeles, CA 90058 27 March 2013 SUBJ: CRL SRS STANDOFF RAILING SYSTEM GLASS BALUSTRADE GUARDS The SRS Standoff Railing System is an engineered
More informationTransactions on Information and Communications Technologies vol 20, 1998 WIT Press, ISSN
Design Of Retaining Walls : System Uncertainty & Fuzzy Safety Measures J. Oliphant *, P. W. Jowitt * and K. Ohno + * Department of Civil & Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh.
More informationSlope Stability. loader
Slope Stability Slope Stability loader Lower San Fernando Dam Failure, 1971 Outlines Introduction Definition of key terms Some types of slope failure Some causes of slope failure Shear Strength of Soils
More informationD1. A normally consolidated clay has the following void ratio e versus effective stress σ relationship obtained in an oedometer test.
(d) COMPRESSIBILITY AND CONSOLIDATION D1. A normally consolidated clay has the following void ratio e versus effective stress σ relationship obtained in an oedometer test. (a) Plot the e - σ curve. (b)
More informationDeformation And Stability Analysis Of A Cut Slope
Deformation And Stability Analysis Of A Cut Slope Masyitah Binti Md Nujid 1 1 Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Technology MARA (Perlis), 02600 Arau PERLIS e-mail:masyitahmn@perlis.uitm.edu.my
More informationDesign of a Balanced-Cantilever Bridge
Design of a Balanced-Cantilever Bridge CL (Bridge is symmetric about CL) 0.8 L 0.2 L 0.6 L 0.2 L 0.8 L L = 80 ft Bridge Span = 2.6 L = 2.6 80 = 208 Bridge Width = 30 No. of girders = 6, Width of each girder
More informationSoil Design, Geosynthetics International, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp
Discussion and Response PEAK VERSUS RESIDUAL SHEAR STRENGTH IN GEOSYNTHETIC-REINFORCED SOIL DESIGN TECHNICAL PAPER UNDER DISCUSSION: Zornberg, J.G., 2002, Peak Versus Residual Shear Strength in Geosynthetic-Reinforced
More informationHyperbolic Soil Bearing Capacity
1 Introduction Hyperbolic Soil Bearing Capacity This example involves analyzing the bearing capacity of a round footing. The example is useful for illustrating several SIGMA/W features and procedures,
More informationA New Closure to Slice Model for Slope Stability Analysis
Engineering, 212, 4, 394-399 http://dx.doi.org/1.4236/eng.212.4752 Published Online July 212 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/eng) A New Closure to Slice Model for Slope Stability Analysis Tianyun Liu 1,
More informationDESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RETAINING WALLS
CHAPTER 8 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF RETAINING WALLS 8. INTRODUCTION Retaining walls are structures used to provide stability for earth or other materials at their natural slopes. In general, they are used
More informationFoundation Analysis LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE
Foundation Analysis LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE INTRODUCTION Vertical or near-vertical slopes of soil are supported by retaining walls, cantilever sheet-pile walls, sheet-pile bulkheads, braced cuts, and other
More informationSteep reinforced slopes
Steep reinforced slopes Pietro Rimoldi Director, Geosynthetics Division Angelo Ricciuti Design Eng., Geosynthetics Division Piergiorgio Recalcati Design Eng., Geosynthetics Division Geogrids and reinforced
More informationDesign of a Multi-Storied RC Building
Design of a Multi-Storied RC Building 16 14 14 3 C 1 B 1 C 2 B 2 C 3 B 3 C 4 13 B 15 (S 1 ) B 16 (S 2 ) B 17 (S 3 ) B 18 7 B 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 7 B 20 B 22 14 B 19 (S 4 ) C 10 C 11 B 23
More informationSOIL MECHANICS: palgrave. Principles and Practice. Graham Barnes. macmiiian THIRD EDITION
SOIL MECHANICS: Principles and Practice THIRD EDITION Graham Barnes palgrave macmiiian 'running Contents Preface xii Fine soil 19 List of symbols xiv Mass structure 21 Note on units xix Degree of weathering
More informationProblem 7.1 Determine the soil pressure distribution under the footing. Elevation. Plan. M 180 e 1.5 ft P 120. (a) B= L= 8 ft L e 1.5 ft 1.
Problem 7.1 Determine the soil pressure distribution under the footing. Elevation Plan M 180 e 1.5 ft P 10 (a) B= L= 8 ft L e 1.5 ft 1.33 ft 6 1 q q P 6 (P e) 180 6 (180) 4.9 kip/ft B L B L 8(8) 8 3 P
More information