Participation of LNEG in AltaLuz project
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1 Participation of LNEG in AltaLuz project (Technical Packages) WP2 Device Simulation and Light management. WP3 Perovskite and Kesterite Top cells. WP4 - Silicon Bottom cell and Tandem integration. National Laboratory for Energy and Geology (LNEG) 1
2 WP2 Device Simulation and Light management Task 4 Modelling 4-terminal double-junction architecture 2
3 Contents Introduction Modeling the optimization of Metal contacts. Modeling the tandem cell (SCAPS- 1D). Modeling the tandem cell (Multiphysics ANSYS). 3
4 Objective: Modeling Multi-terminal Tandem Thin Film Solar Cells Introduction Develop an opto-electronic model of the 4-terminal tandem device structure in view of its integration in a module. The complexity of the cell calls for a detailed analysis of the structure. 4
5 Introduction Calculate the Electric Field inside the cell. Use Maxwell equations..d Gauss Law D = ε E (1).B 0 E Faraday Law H Ampere Law 5
6 From Gauss Law and (1).E (2) As no variable magnetic field is present from Faraday Law: E 0 thus the electric field is expressed by the gradient of a potential: E V (3) Substituting (3) in (2):.E. V V which is the Poisson Equation: Introduction V 6
7 Laplacian of V [V/m 2 ] with vacuum permittivity V = x [F/m] Introduction Charge density [C/m 3 ] Permittivity [F/m] or: V Electron charge [C] q = C Particle density [m -3 ] 7
8 The particle density Introduction depends on the concentration of electrons and holes in the semiconductor and on the concentration of donors and acceptors. Typically: + charge in defects) The hole and electron continuity equations are:. Generation rate. Recombination rate 8
9 Modeling the optimization of Metal contacts Using the electronic equivalent of PV cell and MatLab Simulink Metal Contacts 9
10 Modeling the tandem cell (SCAPS- 1D) Version 3.3 SCAPS is a Windowsoriented program, developed with LabWindows/CVI of National Instruments. 10
11 Modeling the tandem cell (Multiphysics ANSYS) 3D simulation, important for the complex structure of the tandem cell. Possible integration with Thermal behavior of the cell by simultaneously solving heat equation. 11
12 WP3 Perovskite and Kesterite Top cells Task 7 - Perovskite Top cell Task 8 - Kesterite top cell 12
13 LNEG - Recent Developments in Perovskites MAPbI 3 Perovskite Films Optimization of deposition-crystalization procedure i. Meso-structured TiO 2 perovskite film ii. Planar perovskite film Characterisation of MAPbI 3 films i. Crystalline phases (XRD) ii. Morphology and thickness (SEM) Pb I NH 3 CH 3 MA 13
14 Task 7 Perovskite Top cell Schematic device architecture TCO HTM Meso-TiO 2 Perovskite Compact-TiO 2 FTO/Glass TCO HTM Perovskite Compact-TiO 2 FTO/Glass Meso-structured TiO 2 Perovskites Cells Planar Perovskites cells 14
15 Task 7 Perovskite Top cell Mixed-Halide (Br, I) Perovskite Films Tuning the bandgap by chemical management i. MAPbI 2 Br ii. MAPbI 1.5 Br 1.5 iii. MAPbI 1 Br 2 Decrease of I/Br ratio Increase of bandgap 1.7 ev* 2.1 ev* * Experimental values (Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, 9, ) 15
16 Task 7 Perovskite Top cell Optimization of deposition-crystalization procedure Concentration of percursor solutions (CH 3 NH 3 I/PbI 2 /CH 3 NH 3 Br/PbBr 2 ) Solvent and anti-solvent (DMF/DMSO, CB, Tol) Substrate temperature Spin coating parameters Thermal treatment of perovskite films 16
17 Task 7 Perovskite Top cell Characterisation of MAPbI 3-X Br X active layers Crystalline phases (XRD CENIMAT) Morphology (SEM-FEG LNEG Optical absorption (LNEG) Optical Bandgap (LNEG) Transmittance (LNEG) Thickness (Profilometry CENIMAT) 17
18 WP3 Perovskite and Kesterite Top cells Task 8 - Kesterite top cell 18
19 Task 8 - Kesterite top cell Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) Eficiências: 12.6% cm 2 (2013) 7.6% - 1 cm 2 (2016) Eg: ev Cu 2 Zn(Sn x Sb 1-x )S 4 (CZT(A)S) Cu-Zn-Sb-S (CZAS) Eg: 2.2 ev 19
20 Cu-Zn-Sb-S (CZAS) Task 8 - Kesterite top cell International Journal of Photoenergy Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID , 7 pages 20
21 Cu 2 Zn(Sn x Sb 1-x )S 4 Task 8 - Kesterite top cell Moinho de bolas planetário 1ª fase Síntese mecânica 1 h 4 h 2ª fase Moagem em meio líquido 30 min 2 h Sintering Temp.: 500 ºC Tempo: 30 min 3 h 21
22 Cu 2 Zn(Sn x Sb 1-x )S 4 Task 8 - Kesterite top cell Primeiros ensaios Configuração pretendida 22
23 WP4 Silicon Bottom cell and Tandem integration Task 11 Intermediate layer optimization 23
24 Task 11 Intermediate layer optimization Interlayer B Selection of adhesive polymers/tio 2 NPs diameter Surface modification of TiO 2 NPs with trialkoxyorganosylane compounds Adjustment of refractive index (n~1.80-2) by the volume loading of modified-tio 2 NP in the adhesive polymer Deposition of adhesive polymer composite 24
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