Hydraulic Modelling of wetland flow Data collection and problem solving
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2 Hydraulic Modelling of wetland flow Data collection and problem solving Prof. dr. ir. ir. Ronny Verhoeven Hydraulics Laboratory Ghent University Belgium WETHYDRO WORKSHOP June 2003
3 Hydraulic Modelling of wetland flow Introduction Hydraulic modelling of open channel flow Extension to wetlands Data collection problems, questions, solutions Input data problems, questions, solutions Conclusions - questions WETHYDRO WORKSHOP June 2003
4 Introduction Engineer >> translates reality into formula Deterministic approach is what he likes: p = ρ g h Stochastic representation is what he needs to live with
5 Introduction
6 Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow Supositions Uniform velocity distribution: Q = A. U Prismatic bed constant cross-section section Hydrostatic cross sections Constant bottom slope Constant friction factor
7 Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow Steady state Continuity: Q = A. U Motion Bresse equation: h = So Sf δ δ x 1 So2 BQ ga³ ² Uniform flow >> Manning << U = 1/n.R 2/3 2/3.S 1/2 0
8 Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow Unsteady state Saint Venant equations Continuity: Motion: δ Q δ x δ Q δ t + B δ h δ t = 0 2 δ Q + = g A δ x A... δ h δ x ( S S ) o f
9 Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow Unsteady state Saint Venant equations solved by implicit finite difference Preismann scheme >> choise of Θ is important > stability >> choise of s s and t t also > accuracy
10 Q [m3/s] Time [h]
11 Extension to wetlands Quasi 2D modelling >> Network structure - flow >> Cells - exchange of volumes >> Combination - what to choose?
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15 Input data what do we need? Topographical Cross-sections sections of river and floodplain Longitudinal profile (Thalweg) Water levels ( f(t) ) Hydraulic Discharge ( f(t) ) lateral discharges Friction coefficients Sediment transport (bottom / suspended)
16 Data collection Topographical? Distance between 2 cross-sections sections? Boundaries of flood plains Altitude measurements should be the most accurate ones Accuracy of measurements is influenced by: - mud - vegetation - obstacles in cross-section section - soft bottom
17 Data collection Hydraulic data discharge measurements Integration of velocity field over cross-section section Propeller meter or electromagnetic, acoustic velocity meter From bridge or from boat
18 Data collection Hydraulic data discharge measurements > Problems < Velocity distribution horizontal / vertical 1, ,4 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 Depth [m] 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 1,4 0,2 1,6 1,8 Depth y (m) Mean velocity (m/s) 0 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 velocity [m/s]
19 Data collection Hydraulic data discharge measurements > Problems < Influence of Vegetation - velocity fluctuation as a function of time - slowing down propeller - block the propeller - local influence on velocity meter Stones or rocks Soft bottom Wind while measuring from a boat Measuring errors
20 Biebrza R. Lipsk Sidra R. Rudzki Ch. Elk R. Augustowski Ch Osowiec Goniadz Dolistowo Jaglowo Ostrowie 6.88 Przechody Bialogrady Debowo 9.17 Biebrza R Sztabin Karpowicze Brozowka R Measurement Campaigns: discharges in m 3 /s
21 Biebrza R. Lipsk Sidra R. Rudzki Ch. Elk R. Augustowski Ch Osowiec Goniadz Dolistowo Jaglowo Ostrowie 7.18 Przechody Bialogrady Debowo Biebrza R Sztabin Karpowicze Brozowka R Measurement Campaigns: discharges in m 3 /s
22 Input data How to determine the cross-section? section?
23 Input data How to determine the cross-section? section??
24 depth [m] 0-0,05-0,1 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 width [m] Solution: define cross-section section with A, P and R equal to the average value of all cross-sectionssections equal 0 to the average value of all cross 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 depth [m] -0,05 >> Calibration -0,1 of friction coefficient becomes width [m] very important!!! depth [m] 0-0,05-0,1 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 width [m]
25 Input data How to determine the longitudinal profile? Effect of friction!
26 Input data 110,0 0 Water level variation along the river from Dolistowo to Osowiec (T = days) How to determine the bottom slope? 109,00 108,00 107,00 106,00 105,00 104,00 103,00 102,00 B-6 T=0 T=6 B-7 T=12 T=18 T=24 T=29 B-8 B-9 B-10 B-11b B-11 B-12 B-13 B ,0 0 0,00 bottom 5,00 level 10,00 15,00 20,00 25,00 30,00 distance [km] B-13a B-14 B-15 B-16
27 Input data How to determine the friction coefficient n = f (bottom roughness, shape cross-section, section, vegetation, obstacles, meandering, velocity distribution, ) n = f (time, location, interaction of previous parameters) n must be determined from measurements Q h u Bresse n h d
28 Osowiec Rudzki Ch. Biebrza R Przechody Bialogrady Goniadz Elk R. Dolistowo Debowo Augustowski Ch. Jaglowo Sztabin Ostrowie Lipsk Biebrza R. Karpowicze Brozowka R. Determination of n using: Uniform flow principle (Manning formula) Bresse equation Sidra R. Manning n determination by calibration
29 water level [m abs l. 119,0 118,5 118,0 117,5 117,0 116,5 measurement n by Manning formula n by calibration 116,0 115,5 115, distance along river [km]
30 BUT!!!
31 Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow
32 Hydraulic Modelling of open Channel Flow Discharge variation in Goniadz : B UNET measurement Q [m3/s] time [days]
33 Conclusions and Questions Flood-routing theory is quite simple Numerical solution methods are well developed Practical application is confronted with many inaccuracies Good simulation results thanks to well considered calibration? Definition of cross-section? section?? Determination of longitudinal profile?? Best way to determine the friction coefficient?? Suggestions to improve measurements quality?
34 Acknowledgements T. Okruszko,, S. Ignar,, R. Michalowski,, J. Chormanski, D. Swiatek,, I. Kardel SGGW, Warsaw L. Van Poucke,, M. Huygens,, R. Banasiak Hydraulics laboratory, Ghent University Universities of Brussels and Antwerp Funding from Polish and Flemish government bilateral cooperation projects Biebrza National Park Authorities
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