QFD: VALIDATING ROBUSTNESS

Transcription

1 Qulty Eeer, (), () QFD: VALDATNG RBUTNE Kr K. Ghy tel Crprt W. Chdler Blvd., C Chdler, Arz A. Terry Bhll yte d dutrl Eeer Deprtet Uverty f Arz Tuc, Arz Wll L, Chp Rythe yte Cpy Tuc, Arz Key Wrd Qulty fuct deplyet (QFD); Ccurret eeer; etvty ly; Ttl qulty eet (TQM). trduct Qulty fuct deplyet (QFD) trted Jp the lte d ued by hlf f Jp' jr cpe. t trduced Aerc utble ufctur cpe the erly d be ued by ueru Aerc crprt (,). QFD hdy tl fr terdcplry te. A typcl QFD te ll hve eber fr rket, le, ufctur, de, qulty ctrl, purch, d. "QFD ehce cuct level th the cre te" (). Qulty fuct deplyet trve t et the cuter' ve f qulty trduced the erly phe f the de cycle d cdered thruhut the prduct' etre lfe cycle. "QFD therefre repreet che fr ufcturprce qulty ctrl t prduct develpet qulty ctrl" (). t pleett, QFD ue y trxlke chrt t dcver terrelthp cuter ded, prduct chrctertc, d ufctur prcee, h Fure. Fr exple, the frt QFD chrt cpre the cuter' ded t qulty chrctertc. The ecd chrt the vette the relthp betee thee qulty chrctertc d chrctertc f the prduct. The thrd chrt ubequetly exe the relthp betee thee prduct chrctertc d ufctur prcee. Flly, thee ufctur prcee re cpred t the qulty ctrl tht ll be tred dur ufctur. TthBrte c.: A eurtc Ce tudy rder t lyze QFD tl, e eed exple t tudy; therefre, e ll preet TthBrte (). Aue tht yu re the Chef Executve ffcer f Cpyrht by Mrcel Dekker, c..dekker.c

2 GYA, BALL, AND CAPMAN Qulty Chrctertc Cuter Ded Prduct Chrctertc Phe Qulty Chrctertc Mufctur Prcee Phe Prduct Chrctertc Qulty Ctrl Phe Mufctur Prcee Phe V Fure L Relthp f the fur QFD chrt. TthBrte c., jr tthpte ufcturer, d yur rket hre h uddely drpped, Yu upect tht th reult f yur cpettr' e vt. Cret h develped e tthpte cter clled the Net queeze dpeer d h eded t th ubttl dvert budet, (T udertd th exple better, yu ht cut pe Cret Net queeze dpeer r Clte Net d Ey td Up dpeer d ee h t prduced d ht de.) T recpture yur rket hre, yu decde t rede yur prduct; therefre, yu decde t ue QFD yur ly tl. We hd ur rket deprtet terve ll peple e thuht culd prvde put fr the yte de. the QFD lterture, the pect deeed prtt by the cuter re clled cuter ded. ur rket deprtet derved the fll cuter ded: Nete Tdy tp: The tp ty et d cle. Ret hpe: the cter ret t rl hpe. ty put: The cter ll t rll ff the cuter. yec: Tthpte ct tuch the bruh d the be dr bck t the cter. queezble: Peple t t queeze the cter, t pup. Ey pe: The cp pe d cle ely. N te: Alt ll the tthpte ce ut. ll ftprt: Cter tke lttle cuter pce. Reble ct: t huld ct but the e preet cter. Attrctve cter: The le deprtet y tht t ut lk d. After lt the ded, the cuter eht dct the reltve prtce f ech ded. Uully, the eht re betee d, th be t prtt. Fure h the cuter ded the left de d the cted eht the rht clu.

3 . CTQ UJ v J X N V \ V Lh N ' J J N >? uct Devce f ll t Dhpt & Ar Chber Eltc Wll Rd Wll & Pup Pltc Wll Pte Vcty Requreet Fxed Aut Dpeed Ne Cp De Flt Tp & Btt Tdy Tp queezble Tp & BttRet hpe ty Put expeve Mterl Tdy Tp Ret hpe ty Put N Wte (Attrctve Cter (queezble ple Mufctur Prcee Ey pe Grphc Deer Wte ll Ftprt Tper Prf Pcke Reble Ct prtce ( t ) Alttrctve Cter <l j (fd* N \ C T)»' \ W UJ N N?r N U * v N <jj \ N > U> t? Aut f Me Aut f Fullbck Aut f Preure Aut f Effrt Aut f Wte Cuter pce * *fc Aut f Defrt Ple Apperce Ct t Prduce ell Prce prtce ( t ) G U VD

4 GYA, BALL, AND CAPMAN th exple, ur cuter the per h bruhe h r her teeth th the tthpte. ever, "the cuter" huld l clude ll peple h huld prvde put fr the yte de. Th clude buyer, tre er, ther, the ufcturer' le frce, the de te, d the prduct fclty. ee Chpter f Ref. fr fuller expt f th tter. Next, e ked ur yte Eeer Deprtet t derve eure t ure tht thee cuter ded re be tfed. the QFD lterture, thee eure re clled fure f ert, qulty chrctertc, r, ete, eure f effectvee. Qulty chrctertc huld be qutttve d eurble. The fll re the qulty chrctertc e ued fr the TthBrte prject. Me: ut f tthpte crped ff the tp he hlf epty Pullbck: ut f tthpte pulled bck he de dpe Preure: ut f preure eeded t queeze ut the tthpte Effrt: uber f tur, r te, r effrt eeded t reve cp Wte: ut f tthpte left the cter t ed f lfe cycle Cuter pce: ut f cuter pce ccuped by cter Defrt: ut f che hpe f cter he hlf epty Ct f terl: ct f r terl ued t ke the cter Ple pperce: bed reult f cuter urvey eerl, QFD chrt hve dere tht eed t be tfed lted l the de, d eure r pprche fr tfy the dere cr the tp, h Fure. The te lted the left re clled Wht d te lted l the tp re clled. T help detere the e k, "Th Wht the cuter t, c e eure t?" We ll fte cte ptl r tret vlue th thee eure. Thee eure bece the dere the ext chrt, The ext tep QFD ly deter the treth f the relthp (r the deree f crrelt) betee the Wht d the. Th de by fll the ceter trx clubyclu b h Fure. Ech Wht cpred t ech. Fur clfct re ve: f they re trly relted, vlue f, r blck dk th hte dt de, recrded the pprprte cell. Mderte relthp re ve, r crcle; ek relthp re ve, r trle; d relthp ve, r the cell left blk. Deped the cuter, ybl d uber c be xed. The ext tep ultply ech cell' vlue by the eht f the cuter ded d ttl the clu fr ech qulty chrctertc. Th h the r cr the btt lbeled cre Fure. The ttl cre fr ech clu dct f the prtce f tht chrctertc eur the cuter' tfct. Typclly, eure th l cre receve lttle cdert. ever, th de t ecerly e tht thee eure ll t be ued the prduct de: They tll y be ecery fr ctrctul r ther re. T tfy the cuter, e ut py trct ttet t the eure th the hhet cre. Fcu ttet the cuter the purpe f the QFD chrt. The chrt d t reult re t prtt the prce f ccetrt the "Vce f the Cuter" rther th the "Vce f the Mufcturer." Fr the TthBrte prject, the Ct t Prduce (th cre f ) d ell Prce (th cre f ) ere the t prtt eure, ubequet QFD Chrt T ctue ur QFD ly, e ll relte the qulty chrctertc f Fure t chrctertc f the prduct. e f the purpe f QFD ly t vette y ltertve de. ever, the ly prree, e ut lt the uber f ltertve uder cdert. The chrctertc f the prduct ll be dfferet fr ech ltertve de. Thu, f e h t ctue vett ltertve de, the e ht hve t crete ecd QFD chrt fr ech ltertve. The fll prduct chrctertc, prvded by the De Eeer Deprtet, ee t ply uct type f cter: Duble led thred cp d tp ll cp revl th hlftur ze f dpe hle tp Thcke f de ll Type f terl fr de ll ze f dhpt (the prt f the tube ct r) Vcty f dhpt Ttl eht f the cter ze f the cter Prt lbel ut be clrful d ey t red Thee prduct chrctertc bece ur ecd QFD chrt h Fure, The cre f ech

5 QFD: VALDATNG RBUTNE rl TthBrte Phe Aut f Me Aut f Pullbck Aut f Preure Aut f Effrt Aut f Wte Cuter pce Aut f Defrt Ple Apperce Ct t Prduce ell Prce cre Rk J T J <D <N C G <u " T! Mter N * v. '""' r tm C * C *% >> P r <N r G +( M (N f *. C v c <. (N <N () Mdfed TthBrte Phe uct Devce Dhpt & Ar Chber Eltc Wll Rd Wll & Pup Pltc Wll Pte Vcty Requreet Fxed Aut Dpeed Ne Cp De Flt Tp & Btt queezble Tp & Btt expeve Mterl ple Mufctur Prcee Grphc Deer TperPrf Pcke cre Rk Duble Led Thred <N N ze f le the Tp r> l V (Tube) Mterl Thcke r r TT ) P x C ze f the Dhpt V r <N Vcty f the Dhpt \ "!t <N Weht f the Cter C ze f the Cter <N r Prt Lbel C hpe f the Cter r & (b) Fure. The rl () d the dfed (b) TthBrte Phe chrt.

6 GYA, BALL, AND CAPMAN qulty chrctertc detered the frt chrt ued the eht the ecd chrt. The qulty chrctertc bece the e Wht d the prduct chrctertc bece the e. The quet bece, "Th ht t eure, ll buld the prduct t ke t ptu?" We fll ut th chrt u the e prce ued fr the frt chrt. Fll ut ech cell bed h trly ech prduct chrctertc relted t ech qulty chrctertc. Multply the eht by the uercl vlue fr the relthp d u the clu t ve the cre t the btt f the chrt, The clu cre dcte h trly ech prduct chrctertc relted t the cuter' ded. Fr the TthBrte prject, thee cre dcte tht the type f terl ued fr the de f the cter the t prtt prduct chrctertc. Th prtt fd tht t bvu t the utet. The thrd QFD chrt, h Fure, cpre the prduct chrctertc t ufctur prcee prvded by the Mufctur Deprtet. The ufctur prcee re fll: Mld prce (cp, bdy, d btt) ue bl ld prce Crete ld Bl terl ue plycrbte terl ll be ued Reve cter ert d bd ler the b tht hld the tthpte ert tthpte cre cp Weld btt ue ue f ultrc eld t ttch de d btt Pte r prt lbel Thee ufctur prcee re lted the pprxte teprl rder tht e ev. Fr the cre d rk t the btt f th chrt, e c ee tht bl the terl t the ld the t prtt prce. Flly, ur furth QFD chrt, h Fure, cpre the ufctur prcee t the qulty ctrl prvded by the Qulty Ctrl Deprtet. Thee re the qulty ctrl te tht ll be tred d ctrlled dur the ufctur prce: Mld de Mterl ctrl (he terl be jected t the ld) Teperture Preure Te Ler ttchet pect Tthpte fl rte Cp ttchet trque Weld ctrl (he ttch btt t the de) tety Durt Preure Lbel preure Clele d hyee ctrl A e prreed thruh th TthBrte prject, the QFD chrt bece re d re pecfc. The furth QFD chrt very pecfc t prtculr ltertve terl d ufctur prce che. Th chrt tell u tht rder t tfy the cuter, dur ufctur e huld py very pecl ttet t the terl teperture d the ld de. Th y t hve bee bvu t the ufctur eeer befre th QFD ly. Geerlzt Th prce f lk QFD chrt tether c ctue utl dze f chrt hve bee flled ut (ee Ref. ), ueted by the "Wterfll" chrt f Fure. Fr exple f u y QFD chrt e eurtc exple, e reced Ref. d. Fr y exple derved fr rel ufctur yte, ee Ref., hch rubly the t deftve rk QFD the Elh lue. QFD c l be ppled t the tplevel fuct, the t t ubfuct, d the t ther ubfuct. U QFD t de rel yte ll vlve y, y QFD chrt. M uch lre dtbe ll certly requre cputer tce. uch prr re vlble (e.., QFD/Cpture by tertl TecheGrup c. d QFD plu by Frd Mtr C.). th rtcle, e hve ly crtched the urfce the ue f QFD chrt. Altertve Apprch The QFD prce c bece cplex d cubere, deped the prduct cplexty. My te, the detled furchrt ly t pble th vlble reurce. My QFD lye dutry ly ue the frt QFD chrt. th ce, the c hve dfferet deft. ere, the re lted "h c e lve t" r "h c e eet prtculr cuter ded." Therefre, e ll che the deft f the the frt QFD chrt d cpre the reult th the rl chrt.

7 QFD: VALDATNG RBUTNE rl TthBrte Phe Duble Led Thred ze f le Tp Mterl Thcke Mterl Type ze f Dhpt Vcty f Dhpt Weht f Cter ze f Cter Prt Lbel hpe f Cter cre Rk () ffl " " C $ ' T '$..? ert c. $ ffl P N N p f M Mdfed TthBrte Phe Duble Led Thred ze f le the Tp (Tube) Mterl Thcke (Tube) Mterl Type ze f the Dhpt Vcty f the Dhpt Weht f the Cter ze f the Cter Prt Lbel hpe f the Cter cre Rk f U T fl c > j (N rt jj (Y) <N rt ' G u,; rr V d, T, CN t >! Cfl * CQ > c P.b 'G Q. P V * M <D (b) Fure. The rl () d the dfed (b) TthBrte Phe chrt.

8 "? k NJ N N V Z! t C» U G F? " CJQ! G f ' U U t c{' * " J uu p M " b P P B. r* <B J > UJ? Ff * F b' * J UJ t > & " Mld De Mterl Ctrl Teperture Preure Te.. ll? *?? Ler Attchet pect Tthpte Flrte Cp Attchet Trque Weld Ctrl tety Durt Preure Lbel Preure Clele d yee Ctrl Weht P" * t l N N t *.? JX) ' B J L t J G y ' f r U U? er U R ). *?,, ) f\ r Q { y. U, cd B. U U K), U ' Q % Q * Mld De Mterl Ctrl Teperture Preure Te f rt *" Ler Attchet pect Tthpte Flrte Cp Attchet Trque Weld Ctrl tety Durt Preure Lbel Preure Clele d yee Ctrl Weht ffl j? r r

9 QFD: VALDATNG RBUTNE We hve ued the TthBrte exple () t lt the the frt chrt " e c cheve t" ted f " e c eure t," The cuter requreet re the e fr bth chrt (refer t F. ). The the dfed TthBrte chrt f Fure b ffer pble lut fr the cuter requreet. Fr exple, t eet the cuter requreet f Nete, the rl QFD chrt, e hve Aut f Me, Aut f Pullbck, d Ct t Prduce fct eure (). the dfed QFD chrt, fr Nete, e re ffer pble ltertve e culd pbly hve d uct devce, r pltc ll, r rd ll d pup rreet. Fr the Attrctve Cter requreet, the prtt eure the rl chrt re Ple Apperce d ell Prce. Fr the e Wht, the dfed QFD chrt ffer lut e c eply rphc deer. N, e c lk t the cre t the btt f the chrt. Eltc Wll the t prtt th ce d,, the deer f the tthpte dpeer huld cder eltc ll. Thu, th pprch ffer lut fter the frt chrt telf d the cre t the btt f the chrt re ueful t detere hch ltertve huld be cdered eruly. Fr ll tk, f e t t lt the QFD ue t the frt chrt, th pprch tll br d reult. We hve e further t tudy h the effect f ch thee prpte thruh the fur chrt. Fure cpre the rl TthBrte chrt th the dfed chrt. The reult fter prre thruh fur phe dcte tht ch the deft hd lt effect the fl utce! Cpre the t fl chrt fr Fure. After prre thruh the hle prce, the rk hve hrdly ched. Ctrll the terl teperture tll the t prtt tk. Th dct f the rbute f QFD ly. Bckell () y the "... huld be ctrllble chrctertc. They c be decrbed eurble ter t prvde tret fr pecfct d dered prduct prveet." Jet Fer (thruh perl cuct) cet tht the f the frt chrt c be terpreted dfferet y, deped the prble hd. ur exple h tht t de t ke lt f dfferece. etvty Aly The ext tep ur reerch t vldte the rbute f the QFD prce, by cduct etvty ly. We hve ued exple fr the lterture d dutry t crry ut the etvty ly. Gve the prpretry ture f thee chrt, e f the dd t hve cplete frt eeded t crry ut the etvty ly. uch ce, e dfed the chrt by fll ut the frt t the bet f ur klede d experece thut l the rl t f the chrt. Fure h fur chrt f the Pecl exple (,). Thee chrt thruh the de f pecl e prduct. Fure h the fur chrt f Dr yte exple (Aerc uppler ttute, ). Thee chrt re fr the develpet f cr dr yte. Fure h three chrt f Vde Ge exple (). We hve l ued the dfed TthBrte exple dcued erler fr th etvty ly. We hve ued t pprche t cduct th etvty ly. the frt pprch, the crrelt eht ere ched thruhut ll fur chrt d the effect f tht the fl utce berved. the ecd pprch, e ued tlevel frctl fctrl de t vry the cuter prtce eht dfferet cbt (e.., fr L, t ll be dfferet cbt) d cducted ly t ee the effect the fl utce. Che Crrelt Vlue Decd the crrelt vlue c be very tecu prce, epeclly he the chrt h y Wht d. The relthp betee the Wht d the re defed t be tr, Medu, Wek, r Ne. Thee trdtlly hve pt vlue f,,, d, repectvely. t prtt t lyze ht effect thee vlue hve the fl utce fr t re. Frt, expled erler, the prce et tedu d there y be tedecy t fll up the ret f the bxe th u rk d udertd, due t l ccetrt. f th ccur, the QFD chrt y t reflect the utce t huld be. ecd, there y be cflct decd the relthp vlue. Wht e te eber ee tr relthp y lk lke edu relt r ek relt t the ther te eber. The cle f reulted fr Weber' l. Th lrthc cle th be f. Thruh dcu, e hve fud tht e peple feel the eed f u dfferet cle d e dd e experet. We hve exed the etvty f the QFD ethd u fur dfferet che:. Replce the cle th cle: Th deephze the tr relthp.

10 lf *p' " f» Q " V* T '!?.. N> Lf CD > tr Z B[ " " CD D *+", CD ' CD " t t * ± p B. CL \ CD M pr. " p > 'P» B CL CD. CD " B '»* &>. ' * P" ±r E CTQ CD. Q* & CD CL * BT r " "cr D. < B. t jlj Ll cl EL * r T <j?. "* > (T.. >Tj CD CL u CL j CfQ > CD > CD» p CTQ & ) P CD % ft, fb! CD &. P CD <., & cr cr * CD CL f "" <J *b " Pf. X ct ct crq ct " * <?? = rv. U. ', W p, ct r? J. K>? f *! K> $ V! j " E? f Add Clp Mld Bdy ert Grphte ffl Aeble Bdy Apply Grphc Weht > U U> B V U, Tl b? Cfl. > r/> J.Jk ffl D Pe Per Pecl Preure Cycle t Ere prtce j/d Leth f Pecl Te Betee hrpe Led Dut Geerted cle Ale Rll Erer Dut Geerted c P ' J CD P >t CTQ CD lt' p " p p. U d & CD M? UJ N) KJ p?. N) "?r Gd v % * * eu ffl k<: Brek treth Te f Pcket Clp W ff *r A Leth f Mld Deter hrpe f Fure Abrdblty f Eb Depth f Eb Weht C?N NJ b M t UJ M f r "<; K)? c " r B TJ : > <& * > T * & & r» 'T : Grphte Erer Erer lder Bdy Pt Grphc Weht ff {L j K)

11 <. D f' tj t. L,R' rr * **? h &!j " L > ' Q fl!"!> l CJ ". r r" "< $ U ' D r>, r> R. >h R ff Jv, Y* "T*j K> c J Melt Teperture Extrude Teperture <=> Dr Cl Effrt Pull Frce (de) G G * j» N r y * { K) r J B " f fe. CL * f, " Extrude peed Cure Teperture Puch Deter Puch hrpe Weht P Tj> M Qulty Ctrl Chrt. Prevettve Mtece Mtke Prf J N) Qr* tf ' r f Tl K> CL» Tj. UJ > > ( J CJQ? J Dyc ld pe Frce ttc ld pe Frce Wter Lek Tet prtce "'' " *. r utde Deter de Deter hpe \ UJ K) J t *! NJ Educt & Tr Weht K) Mterl pecfct Mterl Dety Vet le Deter t J J Weht

12 QFD: VALDATNG RBUTNE Tble L Reult f Ch the Crrelt Vlue fr the Mdfed TthBrte Exple Reult f ch crrelt vlue fr the frt dfed TthBrte chrt rl Replce Replce Replce th th th Chrt:! W Dhpt & Ar Chber Eltc Wll Rd Wll d Pup Pltc Wll Pte Vcty Req. Fxed Aut Dpeed Ne Cp De Flt Tp r Btt queezble Tp & Btt expeve Mterl ple Muf, Prcee Grphc Deer Tper Prf Pcke Rt Me qure Che Chrt: W Duble Led Thred ze f the le the Tp (Tube) Mterl Thcke (Tube) Mterl Type ze f the Dhpt Vcty f the Dhpt Weht f the Cter ze f the Cter Prt Lbel hpe f the Cter Rt Me qure Che.... Reult f ch the crrelt vlue fr the ecd dfed TthBrte chrt rl Replce Replce Replce th th th.... Reult f ch the crrelt vlue fr the thrd dfed TthBrte chrt rl Replce Replce Replce th th th.... Chrt: W Crete Mld Bl Mterl Reve Cter ert d Bd Ler ert Tthpte cre Tp trc Weld Btt Pt r Prt Lbel Rt Me qure Che Reult f ch the crrelt vlue fr the furth dfed TthBrte chrt rl Replce Replce Replce th th th.... Chrt: W Mld De Teperture Preure (Mtt. Ctrl) Te Ler Attchet pect TthPte Flrte Cp Attchet Trque tety Durt Preure (Weld Ctrl) Lbel Preure Clele & yee Ctrl Rt Me qure Che Replce th. Replce th. Replce th. Replce th.

13 GYA, BALL, AND CAPMAN CT C. r Q th th» th th Chrt: Chrt: Chrfc Chrt: Fure. Rt e qure che due t lbl che crrelt vlue f the dfed TthBrte chrt. hetereeu rup (ct f vru eeer d eet dcple), here the rup eber c hve dfferet tyle f thuht prce. Che Weht f Cuter Ded e QFD prfel fclttr tte tht deter the prtce f the cuter ded the t tecu ctvty ctruct the frt chrt. Al, ht e cuter ee prtt requreet y t be prtt fr ther cuter., there prbblty f cflct eert hle deter the prtce f the cuter ded (Wht). th tut, t ll be ueful t dcver ht effect th c hve the fl utce. Typclly, thee prtce vlue re ed cle f t, be the t prtt. Tble. Pecl Exple CART CART CART CART RM Che cre Due t Ch the Crrelt Vlue fr the ther Exple rl Replce th.... Replce th.... Replce th.... Replce th... A Dr yte Exple CART CART CART CART rl Replce th... Replce th.... Replce th.... Replce th... Vde Ge Exple CART CART CART rl Replce th.,, Replce th... Replce th., Replce th..

14 QFD: VALDATNG RBUTNE Tble. Che Rk Due t Che Crrelt Vlue W f Chrt Mdfed TthBrte Exple Che Rk t Chrt rl Rk t Chrt Rk fter experet Rk fter experet Rk fter experet Rk fter experet W f Chrt Pecl Exple Che Rk t Chrt rl Rk t Chrt Rk fter experet Rk fter experet Rk fter experet Rk fter experet f f r. <u E. < fl W r (., ***.. W f Chrt A Dr yte Exple Che Rk t Chrt rl Rk t Chrt Rk fter experet Rk fter experet Rk fter experet Rk fter experet CJ ', c c Cf ( " e e l. Q *** W f Chrt Vde Ge Exple Che Rk t Chrt rl Rk t Chrt Rk fter experet (? : > Mute. Q. ' E '?. J *. W) Q *** Rk fter experet Rk fter experet.

15 GYA, BALL, AND CAPMAN ete, the cle retrcted t Fure (the pecl exple) d Fure (the vde exple). th ect, the prtce f the cuter ded ere ltered by (plu r u) d the pct berved ll fur chrt. We ued de f experet pprch d tlevel frctl fctrl de. We ll ue the pecl exple fr Fure t expl th ly. Lk t Fure, e relzed tht the hhet uber f preter (ether the uber f Wht r the uber f ) the pecl exple. U tlevel frctl fctrl th eht trl (), e c tudy up t eve fctr (preter); therefre, e ll ue tlevel frctl fctrl th eht trl fr the pecl exple t cduct th ly. The prtce f the cuter ded re the fctr tht re ched ± fr the rl vlue. Fr exple, lk t Chrt Fure. Ey t ld h prtce vlue f., fr th cuter ded (Wht), the l d hh vlue re d. Therefre, fur tce, e ll hve the prtce f the cuter ded (fr Ey t ld) t be d the ther fur tce, t ll be. Tble h the tlevel frctl fctrl th eht trl fr the pecl exple. Becue the frt chrt h ly fve fctr (Wht), the re r repreet e. A e prre thruh th ly, e ll relze tht the effect f the e ll the repe. The prtce clu f chrt f Fure (,,,, )T. The upercrpt T repreet the vectr trpe pert; tht, e re repreet clu th hrztl r. Th clu che the eht experet. the frt experet, th clu ll bece (,,,, )T, hch clu f Tble, the tlevel frctl fctrl th eht trl. Whe thee uber re ued Chrt f Fure, the r lbeled cre bece (,,,,,, ), hch bece the tp r f Tble. Eht experet re ru. The lt e ue prtce clu f (,,,, )T, hch the th clu f Tble d prduce cre r f (,,,,,, ), hch bece the ehth r f Tble. The effect Ey t ld c be cputed by ver the fur vlue he prtce l (,,, ) =» vere, ubtrct th fr the vere he the prtce hh (,,, ) => vere, d dvd by, v ( )/ =. Th the effect f the prtce f Ey t ld the Leth f Pecl. The ther cell f Tble re cputed lr er. A check the rthetc, e te tht ll etre the e r ut be zer d the ret f the ler prt f Tble ut be detcl t chrt f Fure. N, the reult f thee eht experet prvde vlue t replce the Weht clu chrt f Fure. We ll crry ut eht dfferet experet fr chrt, expled fr chrt. Refer t chrt f Fure. The l eht clu (,,,,,, )T. Fr the frt experet, th ll be replced by (,,,,,, )T, hch the frt r f Tble. Th prce ll ctue fr the re chrt. Tble h the frctl fctrl ly fr the re chrt f the pecl exple., h d e lyze thee fur tble? Ad ht de th ly tell u? Becue ll fur tble re lked d che Tble ll prpte thruh t Tble, e ll ccetrte Tble. Let u cder the fctr Leth f Mld fr chrt f Fure. The effect f Wht fr chrt re the Effect r f Tble. The vere effect ll be the vere f thee eve etre clu., f yu vere,,...,,,, the yu ll et the uber. N, the rl cre fr chrt f Fure fr Leth,. the % effect.% [()(/,)]. Th e tht ch the prtce f the cuter ded chrt by ± ut prduce vere che the cre fr the Leth f Mld chrt f ly.%. Thee effect re ll. lrly, the % effect fr Brek treth clculted t be.%. Thee re h Tble. A lr ly crred ut fr the dfed TthBrte chrt, the A Dr yte chrt, d the Vde Ge chrt. Thee reult re h Tble. Tble. Experet Nuber >» Ey t ld De Nt er Pt Lt De Nt Rll Ey t Ere TLevel Frctl Fctrl th Eht Trl Arry fr Pecl Exple

16 QFD: VALDATNG RBUTNE Tble. TLevel Frctl Fctrl Aly Frt Chrt f Pecl Exple Experet Nuber Effect Ey t ld Effect De Nt er Effect Pt Lt Effect De Nt Rll Effect Ey t Ere Effect Ne Effect Ne e c J t (D CQ We ued tlevel frctl fctrl th eht trl fr the dfed TthBrte chrt, tlevel frctl fctrl fr the A Dr yte chrt, d PlckettBur de fr the Vde Ge chrt. Tble d dcte tht ch prtce f the cuter ded by e pt ( ether drect) de t hve lre effect the fl utce. Th prtt cclu, the cuter c hve dfferece f Tble. TLevel Frctl Fctrl Aly ecd Chrt f Pecl Exple " " c <. P. cu f & Experet Nuber Effect Leth f Pecl Effect Te Betee hrpe Effect Led Dut Geerted Effect cle Ale Rll Effect Pe Per Pecl Effect Preure Cycle t Ere Effect Erer Dut Geerted t Q % W Tble. TLevel Frctl Fctrl Aly Thrd Chrt f Pecl Exple Experet Nuber Effect Grphte Effect Erer Effect Erer lder Effect Bdy Effect Pt Effect Grphc Effect Ne $ PQ ' j f t? * J ', G p ht they ee the t prtt cuter ded. A l thee dfferece re t t lre, the QFD prce rbut euh t thtd the che. ther experet, hch e ll reprt future rtcle, e fud tht the t prtt dec cplet QFD chrt ere decd hether ech tr d ech edu huld deed be tr r edu. Tble.?. & TLevel Frctl Fctrl Aly Furth Chrt f Pecl Exple Experet Nuber Effect Mld Bdy Effect ert Grphte Effect Aeble bdy Effect Add Clp Effect Apply Grphc Effect Ne Effect Ne ' ", f J p. CJ b < E c fl * tf. T "E J v, Q

17 GYA, BALL, AND CAPMAN Tble. f Chrt > (Refer t Fure Chrt ) tte Effect ( %) TYzft/e J$. Pecl Exple Reult f TLevel Frctl Fctrl Aly "? '.. jf P., > P,. E C. ' W '., J=> ' t ". Reult f TLevel Frctl Fctrl Aly fr the Re Exple Reult f Ch prtce f the Cuter Ded fr the Mdfed TthBrte Chrt f Chrt > (Refer t Fure ) fr t : Elt the ek crrelt r ch the prtce eht by ± ut hd lttle effect. QFD br tether eber fr vru deprtet f the cpy. There re eber fr rket, pplct eeer, de eeer, ufctur eeer, qulty eeer, d frth. Ech eber h dfferet y f thk d dfferet y f evlut ve the dverty f h r her bckrud. Thu, there re t be cflct he t ce t decd, y, crrelt vlue r the cle fr the crrelt vlue the frt chrt. N, cflct eert helthy prt f the rup dyc, but t c ete dh the purpe d l f the rup. The bve ly dcte tht QFD rbut t cert extet t uch cflct. Fr the urvey tht rket r pplct eeer rup crry ut the frt tep f QFD prce, e y ee lht vrt ht cuter thk the t prtt eed. ur ly dcted tht the QFD prce upprt uch vrt t cert extet., eve th r cflct, rup c utlze QFD utce effectvely. tte Effect ( %) Ackledet Reult f Ch prtce f the Cuter Ded fr the A Dr yte Chrt f Chrt > (Refer t Fure ) tte Effect ( %)... Reult f Ch prtce f the Cuter Ded fr the Vde Ge Chrt We uld lke t thk Jeff Cvuh, Curt ffeter, d T tcy t Aerc uppler ttute (A) fr prvd u the Dr yte QFD chrt. We uld l lke t thk Prfer Jh Rber t the Uverty f Arz fr h helpful cet but the tttcl pect f th rtcle. Referece f Chrt > (Refer t Fure ) tte Effect ( %).. ury Thee experet uet tht the QFD prce rbut t ll che the crrelt vlue d the prtce f the cuter ded. The t fct che ere cued by ch the crrelt vlue. ullv, L. P., Qulty Fuct Deplyet, Qu!, (), ().. uer, J. R. d Clu, D. P., The ue f Qulty, rvrd Bu. Rev., (), ().. Grff, A. d uer, J. R., Ptter f Cuct A Mrket, Eeer, d Mufctur A Cpr Betee T Ne Prduct Te, M. c., (), ().. Bhll, A, T, d Chp, W, L., A Tutrl Qulty Fuct Deplyet, E. M. /., (), (),. Chp, W. L., Bhll, A. T., d Wyre, A. W., Eeer Mdel d De, CRC Pre, Bc Rt, FL,.. Re Velle, J. B., The Ne Qulty Techly, A trduct t Qulty Fuct Deplyet (QFD) d Tuch Methd, uhe Arcrft C., L Aele,.. K, B., Better De lf the Te pleet QFD Qulty Fuct Deplyet Aerc, GAL/ QPC, Methue, MA,.

18 GYA, BALL, AND CAPMAN CART: Ey t Ue Nt Brek Ely Vertle Ctrl Affrdble Gd Vul Effect Everybdy C Ue t turdy Ctrl terruptble Ply Wde Artet f Act N Eye tr D't Get urt U cre q > B C " C Q q > U q '! P. > & T q " QQ q, <D CART: ftre De cree Relut f. Acce t Techcl Mtt. Mtce d Repr Te Prduct Develpet Prce Mufctur pert cre q C <D M t uct Q =» q T fr DFM q. & J CART: cree Mterl /W Pl Mdule Uer Fredly Ctct # f Cuct Lk Tr fr DFM d CAD Deft f Mf. pert cre (X D q Q. q ( C, "c ] <u C Vldt Q. ' z t " q & \ Fure. Vde e exple.

19 QFD: VALDATNG RBUTNE. Ak, Y. (ecl), Qulty Fuct Deplyet: tert Cuter Requreet t Prduct De, Prductvty Pre, Cbrde, MA,.. Bckell, B,, Ttl Qulty: A Textbk f trtec Qulty Lederhp d Pl, Ar Acdey Pre, Clrd pr, C,, Chp.,. hllt, M. L., ADVANCED QFD Lk Techly t Mrket d Cpy Need, Jh Wley &, Ne Yrk,.. Bckell, B. d Bckell, K., The Rd Mp t Repetble ucce U QFD t pleet Che, CRC Pre, Bc Rt, FL,.. Mtery, D., De d Aly f Experet, th ed., Jh Wley &, Ne Yrk,. Abut the Authr: Kr Ghy er Mterl Eeer th tel Crprt Chdler, AZ. A. Terry Bhll prfer f yte eeer t the Uverty f Arz Tuc, Wll L. Chp Prcpl yte Eeer th Rythe yte Cpy Tuc, AZ.