Annual Report on External Quality Assessment in Urinalysis in Korea (2009)

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1 임상검사와정도관리 : 제 32 권제 1 호 2010 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2010; 32: 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 김경동 ( 집필대표 ) 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규 문대수 민원기전창호 박성훈 구정일 김명주 배영철 송운흥 조광호 조성석 대한임상검사정도관리협회요경검학분과위원회 Annual Report on External Quality Assessment in Urinalysis in Korea (2009) Kyung Dong Kim, Sun Hoe Koo, Eui Chong Kim, Jung Mann Kim, Jeong Ho Kim, Jin Q Kim, Dae Soo Moon, Won Ki Min, Chang Ho Jeon, Sung Hoon Park, Jeonh Il Koo, Myung Joo Kim, Young Choel Bae, Woon-Heung Song, Kwang Ho Cho, and Sung Suck Cho The Urinalysis & Routine Microscopy Subcommittee, The Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Laboratory, Seoul, Korea Three external quality assesment trials which composed of 16 control materials(12 chemical materials and four sets of microscopic photograph of urinary sediment) for interlaboratory quality control assesment in urinalysis were performed with 796, 823, and 841 participants, in each, in the year of The response rate were 97.1% (796/820), 95.5% (823/862) and 97.1% (841/866), in the first, the second and the third trials, in each. The test items include ph, glucose, protein, ketone, bilirubin, blood, urobilinogen, nitrite, leukocyte estrase, specific gravity and four microscopic photographs of urinary sediment. The survey results are summarized as follows: 1. The chemical quality control test in urinalysis revealed generally good concordance. 2. The percentage of using urinalysis analyzer was slightly decreased as 82.3% and the distribution of using reagent strip was similar to the previous year. 3. The percentage of response rate of microscopic photographs of urinary sediment was 83.5% (702/841) and the percentage of good performance of these tests ware 83.6% to 99.1%. Key Words:Quality assurance, External quality assesment, Urinalysis and urinary sediment 서론요경검학분과의 2009 년도외부정도관리사업 [1] 은 3차에걸쳐 12개의관리물질을사용하여요화학적검사를시행하였는데 [2], 여기에는화학적검사신빙도조사에는상품화된관리물질과국내에서제조된관리물질을사용하였다 [3]. 요침사검사로는요침사사진 4매를본협회홈페이지에게시하여판독하도록하였다. 매회차마다사용시약회사별로결과치의분포와시험지사별로허용범위를산정하여제시하고참여한전기관의분포수와백분율을표시하여보고기관의결과치와비교할수있도록하였다 [4] 년도에실시한요검사외부정도관리를통한신빙도조사사업결과를정리하여보고하고자한다. 대상및방법 교신저자 : 김경동우 ) 대구광역시남구대명동 영남대학교병원진단검사의학과전화 :053) , FAX:053) kkdmd@ynu.ac.kr 1. 대상요경검학분과에서는 2009 년도에대한임상검사정도관리협회에등록된기관을대상으로 3차에걸쳐실시한요경검학분과정도관리물질의발송은 1차, 2차와 3차각각 822,

2 70 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 863 및 866 기관에발송하여각각 2, 1, 0 기관이폐업, 주소불명, 이사등의이유로반송되었고, 그중에서각각 796, 823, 841 기관에서정도관리신빙도조사결과의회신을보내와반송된것을제외하면회신율은각각 97.1%, 95.5% 및 97.1% 로나타나전년도에비하여 0.5% 가량증가하였다 [5]. 2. 재료요의화학적검사를위한관리물질은 1차, 2차 3차검체모두는국내에서제조한액상관리물질 4종씩을각회원기관에익일특급우편으로발송하였다. 3차검체에는액상검체외에, 본협회홈페이지에제시한요침사사진 4매 (Fig. 1-4) 등모두 16종의검체를우송및제시하여정도관리신빙도조사를시행하였다. 결과치의접수에는본협회홈페이지에서직접입력하는방식을권장하였으며, 기존의우편, 팩스전송방식도병행하였다. 각검체및구체적인검사종목과발송일시는 Table 1과같다. 3. 화학적검사관리물질의허용치화학적검사의경우영동제약 ( 이하 YD 사로표현함 ) QA 팀에서제공한검체의종류와참고범위와분과위원회에서실험한참고치, 각기관에서회신한결과의 consensus 에의하여허용치 (acceptable value) 를설정하였다. 따라서일부종목의경우시험지별로허용치구간이상이한결과도있었으며, 또한허용치설정이어려운경우도있었다. 각기관의 consensus 를기준으로할때예년과같이양성검체는 80% 이상을, 음성검체는 90% 이상의일치된결과를기준으로잡았다 (Table 2). 결과 1. 시험지및요분석기보유분포각기관에서사용한시험지및요분석기의보유분포는 Table 3, 4와같다. 금년에는정도관리참여기관의수는 841 기관으로전년도의 732 기관에비하여 109 기관이 Fig. 1. The microscopic photographs of urinary sediment used in trials of 2009 KEQAS-UA. Fig. 2. The microscopic photographs of urinary sediment used in trials of 2009 KEQAS-UA. Fig. 3. The microscopic photographs of urinary sediments used in trials of 2009 KEQAS-UA. Fig. 4. The microscopic photographs of urinary sediment used in trials of 2009 KEQAS-UA.

3 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 71 Table 1. Test items and distributed materials used in trials of 2009 KEQAS-UA Test Items Type of materials Specimen Urine chemistry strip test items (ph, S. G., protein, glucose, ketone, bilirubin, blood, urobilinogen, nitrite, leukocyte estrase) Urine chemistry strip test items (same as first trial) Urine chemistry strip test items (same as first trial) and four sets of microscopic photograph of urinary sediment (Fig ) Liquid material (first trial) Liquid material (second trial) Liquid material and photographs (third trial) Table 2-1. Acceptable ranges of chemical parameters of specimens used in 2009 KEQAS-UA ph S. G. 1) C* ) R Protein Negative Negative Negative Glucose Negative Ketone Negative Negative Trace Trace-+1 Negative Bilirubin Negative Negative Negative Negative Negative Urobilinogen Neg.-trace Neg.-trace Neg.-trace Neg.-trace Neg.-trace Neg.-trace Nitrite Negative Negative Negative Positive Negative Negative Blood Negative Negative Trace Trace-+2 Negative Leukocyte Negative Negative Negative *Chemical strip method; Refractometry. Table 2-2. Acceptable ranges of chemical parameters of specimens used in 2009 KEQAS-UA ph S. G. 1) C* ) R Protein Negative Negative Negative Glucose Negative Negative Ketone Negative Negative Negative Trace Bilirubin Negative Negative Negative Negative Urobilinogen Neg.-trace Neg.-trace Neg.-trace Neg.-trace Neg.-trace Nitrite Negative Positive Negative Negative Negative Positive Blood Neg.-trace Negative Negative Trace Leukocyte Negative Negative *Chemical strip method; Refractometry.

4 72 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table 2-3. Acceptable answer of photographs of urinary sediment used in 2009 KEQAS-UA (total number of participants = 702) 09-] Result Hyaline cast Yeast/Fungus WBC Spermatozoa No. of participants No. of correction Percent of correct 83.6% 99.1% 88.7% 99.1% Table 3. Distribution of the test strips for 2009 KEQAS-UA Test strips Y-D 369 (43.4%) 328 (45.8%) 319 (48.2%) 266 (48.1%) 224 (47.1%) 196 (48.4%) 196 (46.8%) Siemens(Bayer) 116 (13.8%) 114 (15.6%) 110 (16.6%) 100 (18.1%) 96 (20.2%) 92 (22.7%) 91(21.7%) Roche(B/M) 137 (16.3%) 125 (17.1%) 98 (14.8%) 77 (13.9%) 70 (14.7%) 77 (19.0%) 78 (18.6%) Eiken 51(6.1%) 48 (6.6%) 52 (7.9%) 51(9.2%) 33 (6.9%) 28 (7.2%) 26 (6.2%) SD 96 (11.4%) 67 (9.2%) 44 (6.6%) Others 72 (8.6%) 50 (6.8%) 39 (5.9%) 59 (10.7%) 53 (11.1%) 12 (3.0%) 11(2.6%) 841(100%) 732 (100%) 623 (100%) 494 (100%) 423 (100%) 393 (100%) 391(100%) Table 4. Distribution of the analyzers for 2009 KEQAS-UA Analyzers Clinitek Clinitek Clinitek 100/ Clinitek Atlas Roche Urisys Roche Urisys Roche UriLux S Roche Miditron (Junior II) Uriscan S-300/Bioscan Uriscan Optima Uriscan Pro II Uriscan Pro, Pro Plus Uriscan Super 11 Eiken, US 2100, SD, Urometer 600, Others Total Use of analyzer (%) (82.3%) (83.0%) (87.5%) (88.3%) (91.2%) 증가하였다. 사용하는시험지제조회사와분석기분포비율은신빙도조사의결과회신서의검사방법 code 의결과를분석한것이며, 요시험지제조사의분포비율은전년도와유사하였으나, SD사및 Roche 사의시약사용기관의수가전년도에비하여다소간의증가가있었다. 자동판독분석기의사용빈도는 82.3% 로전년도의 83.0% 에비하여다소감소하였으 나, 이는다수의소규모기관의신규가입의급증으로인한것으로생각되며, 사용기관의절대수는전년에비하여 104 기관이증가하였다. 자동판독분석기의사용기종의분포도약간변화가있었는데, 이는 Uriscan Pro II(YD), Uriscan Optima II (YD), Urisys 1800 (Roche) 과 Urisys 2400 (Roche) 등신기종의보급과구기종의교체에기인된것이었다 (Table 4).

5 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 73 Table 5-1. Results of ph parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: Y, YD; S, Siemens; R, Roche; E, Eiken; D, SD; O, others and not-specified. Table 5-2. Results of ph parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 5-1. Table 5-3. Results of ph parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 5-1.

6 74 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table 5-4. Results of ph parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 5-1. Table 5-5. Results of ph parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 5-1. Table 5-6. Results of ph parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 5-1.

7 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 항목별결과분석각검사항목별결과를예년과마찬가지로화학적검사의경우시험지사별로결과분포표를작성하고허용치범위안에들어가는일치율을산정하였다. 1) ph 각기관의 ph 결과의분포및시험지제조회사별일치율은 Table 5와같다. 그일치율은대체로만족할만한수준인평균 82.3%-99.5% 사이로전년도와비슷하였다. 검체마다시약사별로다소간의차이는있었나, 특이한사항은 Eiken 제품이타사보다 1단계낮게보이는경향이있었으나전년에비하여덜하였다. 2) Protein 각기관의 protein 결과의분포및시험지제조회사별일치율은 Table 6과같다. 일치율은만족할만한수준인평균 94.1%-100% 사이로전년도에비하여모든제조사의사용기관의일치율이모두향상되었으며, 즉시약사별특성의차이는나타나지않았다. 하지만, 와 검체에서과 SD사와기타시약사군으로분류된 Teco 사제품에서는 인검체가 2+ 로낮게나타나는경향이있었으나전년도에비하여그정도가줄었다 검체에서 Uriscan Pro II(YD), Uriscan Optima II(YD) 기종에서 인검체가 2+ 로낮게보고하나경향이있었다. Table 6-1. Results of protein parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: Y, YD; S, Siemens; R, Roche; E, Eiken; D, SD; O, others and not-specified. Table 6-2. Results of protein parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 6-1. Table 6-3. Results of protein parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 6-1.

8 76 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table 6-4. Results of protein parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 6-1. Table 6-5. Results of protein parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 6-1. Table 6-6. Results of protein parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table ) Glucose 각기관의 glucose 결과의분포및시험지회사별일치율은 Table 7과같다. 각시험지사간에일치율의차이는대체로없었으며, 88.9%-99.4% 의높은일치율을나타내었다. 검체 09-01, 에서 Roche 사제품의사용기관 가운데일부에서한단계씩낮게보고한점이있었으나전년도에비하여덜한경향이있었다. 검체 검체에서는 Siemens 사제품의사용기관가운데일부에서전년도와같이한단계씩낮게보고한점이특이하였는데대부분은 Clinitek 10/100 장비의사용기관이었다.

9 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 77 Table 7-1. Results of glucose parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: Y, YD; S, Siemens; R, Roche; E, Eiken; D, SD; O, others and not-specified. Table 7-2. Results of glucose parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 7-1. Table 7-3. Results of glucose parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 7-1.

10 78 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table 7-4. Results of glucose parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 7-1. Table 7-5. Results of glucose parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 7-1. Table 7-6. Results of glucose parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 7-1.

11 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 79 4) Ketone 각기관의 ketone 결과의분포및시험지회사별일치율은 Table 8과같다. 일치율은 89.7%-100% 로대체로만족스러웠다. 약한양성의결과를보인 검체에서 SD 사와 Eiken 사제품사용기관중일부에서음성으로보고하 였다. 이결과는육안판정기관에서는위음성으로판독한예는매우적었다. 그러나이와비슷한약한양성의결과를보인 와 검체에서위와유사한현상이있었는데 Roche 사, SD사와 Eiken 사제품사용기관이었다. Table 8-1. Results of ketone parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Y S R E D O Total Y S R E D O Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: Y, YD; S, Siemens; R, Roche; E, Eiken; D, SD; O, others and not-specified. Total Table 8-2. Results of ketone parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 8-1. Table 8-3. Results of ketone parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 8-1.

12 80 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table 8-4. Results of ketone parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 8-1. Table 8-5. Results of ketone parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 8-1. Table 8-6. Results of ketone parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table ) Bilirubin 각기관의 bilirubin 결과의분포및시험지회사별일치율은 Table 9와같다. 각시험지사별일치율은 90.2%-99.2% 로나타났다. 여기에서도일부특정검체의특정시약에는일치율이낮게나타났는데, 와 검체는 양성검체이나 Roche 사시험지를사용하는기관중다수에서는 trace 내지 +1로보고하였으며, 육안의판독기관에서는모두 2+ 내지 3+ 로보고하였다. Roche 사와 Eiken 사장비중일부에서판독감도가낮은것으로보였다.

13 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 81 Table 9-1. Results of bilirubin parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: Y, YD; S, Siemens; R: Roche, E: Eiken, D: SD, O: others and not-specified. Table 9-2. Results of bilirubin parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 9-1. Table 9-3. Results of bilirubin parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 9-1. Table 9-4. Results of bilirubin parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 9-1.

14 82 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table 9-5. Results of bilirubin parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Y S R E D O Total Y S R E D O Total Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 9-1. Table 9-6. Results of bilirubin parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Y S R E D O Total Y S R E D O Total Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table ) Urobilinogen 각기관의 urobilinogen 결과의분포및시험지회사별 일치율은 Table 10과같으며, 대체로양호한결과를나타냈다. 검체별판독장비간의특성이나타나지않았다. Table Results of urobilinogen parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Y S R E D O Total Y S R E D O Total Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: Y, YD; S, Siemens; R, Roche; E, Eiken; D, SD; O, others and not-specified.

15 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 83 Table Results of urobilinogen parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of urobilinogen parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of urobilinogen parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 10-1.

16 84 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table Results of urobilinogen parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of urobilinogen parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table ) Blood 각기관별 blood 결과의분포및시험지회사별일치율은 Table 11과같다. 일치율은 85.0%-99.6% 로대체로만족스러운결과를얻었다. 약한양성 (trace-1+) 검체인 09-03, 와 에서는 Roche 사제품사용기관에서각각 65, 74, 100 기관이음성으로보고하였는데육안판정기관과장비사용기관모두에서고루분포되어있었다. 전년도에도이러한경향을보였다. Table Results of blood parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: Y, YD; S, Siemens; R, Roche; E, Eiken; D, SD; O, others and not-specified.

17 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 85 Table Results of blood parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Y S R E D O Total Y S R E D O Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Total Table Results of blood parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Y S R E D O Total Y S R E D O Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Total Table Results of blood parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Y S R E D O Total Y S R E D O Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Total

18 86 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table Results of blood parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of blood parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table ) Nitrite 각기관의 nitrite 결과의분포및시험지회사별일치율은 Table 12와같다. 음성검체 9개, 양성검체 3개로실 시하였는데시험지사간에차이는없이대체적으로높은일치율인 99.5%-100% 를나타냈다. Table Results of nitrite parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: Y, YD; S, Siemens; R, Roche; E, Eiken; D, SD; O, others and not-specified. Table Results of nitrite parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 12-1.

19 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 87 Table Results of nitrite parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of nitrite parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of nitrite parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of nitrite parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table ) Leukocyte 각기관의 leukocyte 결과의분포및시험지회사별일치율은 Table 13과같다. 음성검체 6개, 양성검체 6개로 실시하였는데 88.5%-99.7% 의일치율을보였으며, 양성검체인 09-1, 09-06, 검체에서 YD 사의경우한단계낮게보고하는경향을나타내었다.

20 88 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table Results of leukocyte estrase parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: Y, YD; S, Siemens; R, Roche; E, Eiken; D, SD; O, others and not-specified. Table Results of leukocyte estrase parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of leukocyte estrase parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 13-1.

21 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 89 Table Results of leukocyte estrase parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of leukocyte estrase parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of leukocyte estrase parameters in 2009 KEQAS-UA Negative Trace Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table ) Specific gravity 각기관의 specific gravity 결과에서화학적방법의분포및시험지회사별일치율은 Table 14와같다. 굴절계법의결과는 Table 15와같다. 일치율은예년에비하여비교적낮은 61.2%-95.6% 의일치율을나타내었으며, 검체별제조회사별로차이가다소있었다. 특히비중이비교적높 은검체 에서 09-08, 09-11, 검체의경우 Eiken 사와기타제조사의결과는분포가아주넓게나타나높은비중을제대로반영치못하여문제가많아보였다. 굴절계법은화학적방법보다일치율이 96.4%-99.1% 로높아대체로양호한결과를나타내었다.

22 90 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table Results of Specific gravity by chemical method in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: Y, YD; S, Siemens; R, Roche; E, Eiken; D, SD; O, others and not-specified. Table Results of Specific gravity by chemical method in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of Specific gravity by chemical method in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 14-1.

23 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 91 Table Results of Specific gravity by chemical method in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of Specific gravity by chemical method in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table Table Results of Specific gravity by chemical method in 2009 KEQAS-UA Total Correct (%) Abbreviations: See Table 14-1.

24 92 김경동 구선회 김의종 김정만 김정호 김진규외 Table 15. Results of Specific gravity by refractometry in 2009 KEQAS-UA Part. no Mean SD Acceptable range Corr. no. Correct (%) Table 16. Results of Urinary microscopic sediment by refractometry in 2009 KEQAS-UA Specimen Identification No. of participents Percent Hyaline cast* % Granular cast % Granular cast, finely % WBC cast % Granular cast, coarsely % Waxy cast % others % Yeast / Fungus* % RBC % others 1 0.1% WBC* % Transitional epithelial cell % Renal tubular epithelial (RTE) cell % Trichomonas vaginalis % Macrophage % Squamous epithelial cell % others % Spermatozoa* % RBC, dysmorphic % others % *Good performance. 11) Urinary microscopic sediment 요침사사진검체의회신기관은 702 기관으로참여 841 기관중회신율은 83.5% 로전년도의 81% 보다다소 높게나타났다. 또한기대한답의 excellent performance 의일치율은 83.6%-99.1% 로예년에비하여높게나타났다 (Table 2-3).

25 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2009) 93 고 요경검학분과에서는 2009 년도요검사신빙도조사사업은 3 회실시하였으며, 모두국내에서제조한액상검체로 3 차에걸쳐사용하였으며, 3 회차는전년도와마찬가지로요침사사진검체를본협회홈페이지에게시하여답변을하도록하였다. 전반적으로예년과유사하거나다소높은일치율을나타내었다. 허용치설정은전년도와같이시험지별로구간설정을별도로정하였으며, 미국 CAP 기준을참고하였다. 즉각기관의결과를시험지회사별로분석하고양성검체일경우 80% 이상의일치 (consensus) 를나타날때음성검체는 90% 이상일치할때를기준으로잡았다. 또한구간은 4 단계를초과하지않도록하였다. 허용범위는본분과위원회에서의뢰하여 YD 사 QA 팀에서 YD 사제품외에 Siemens 사, Roche 사및 Eiken 사제품에도동일한방법으로실시한실험치등을토대로하여허용치를설정하였다. 이렇게함으로써시험지사별로반응이틀리게나타나는경우도제대로평가분석이이루어질수있었다. 이보고서의각시약사별로허용치를최대한반영함으로써특정시약과특정검체간의간섭효과에의한결과치의잘못으로인한불이익을최소화시키려고노력하였다. 그러나각기관별보고서에는허용되는범위에속하지만전체시약의대표허용범위에는들지못하는경우도있었다. 요침사사진을본협회홈페이지에서판독을시도하였는데일부인터넷이여의치못한기관이있었으나회신율이전년도의 81.3% 에서 83.4% 로다소증가하였다. 이는요침사문제의난이도조정과정도관리활동참여의식의고조등에기인된듯하다. 최근소규모검사실의참여가급증하였던점에비추어볼때침사문제의난이도조정과사진의명확성의확보가필요하다고본다. 또금년도에는매사진마다특정부분을표시하여판독하도록하여예년에서보였던혼란은다소줄었다. 그리고검체의발송과결과치의접수상황을처음으로인터넷을통하여본협회홈페이지 ( org) 의공지사항과게시판에알리고, 전자우편으로도결과치의접수를시도하였는데점차그호응도가높아져매우바람직하였다. 금년의인터넷접수기관수는 831 기관으로전체접수기관의 98.8% 로나타났다. 그러나인터넷을통한결과치의입력실수를호소하는기관이몇있었는데입력기간내에결과의편집기능을최대한이용하여입력후반드시두사람이상서로확인하여입력오류를최소화하여야할것이다. 마지막으로각기관의요경검담당자에부탁드리는바는검사방법 code 를빠뜨리거나오기가없도록재삼확인하는과정을거쳐결과를발송하도록하여야겠다. 또검사결과보고서를발송하기전에꼭빈칸이없는지확인하고발송하 찰 면정도관리결과의분석에좋은영향을기대할수있다고생각된다. 아직까지도우리나라의실정에적합한검체의구입과제조가용이하지않은상황이지만, 향후다양한검체를이용한신빙도조사가실시되어야한다고본다. 요 요경검학분과의요검사신빙도조사의참여기관이증가추세에있으며 2009 년도요경검학분과신빙도조사에는 1 차, 2 차와 3 차에각각 822, 863 및 866 기관에발송하여각각 796, 823, 841 기관에서정도관리신빙도조사결과의회신을보내와반송된것을제외하면결과회신율은각각 97.1%, 95.5% 및 97.1% 전년도에비하여다소증가하였다. 요화학적검사신빙도조사에서비교적높은일치율을나타내었고요침사의일치율도다소상승하였다. 약 참고문헌 1. Kim JQ, Kim CW, Kwon OH, Kim KD, Min WK, Lee KN, et al. Annual report on external quality assessment in urinalysis in Korea (1991). J Clin Pathol Qual Control 1992;14: ( 김진규, 김춘원, 권오헌, 김경동, 민원기, 이갑노등. 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (1991). 임상병리와정도관리 1992;14:61-72.) 2. Cho SS, Kim SR, Kim JQ, Kim KD, Kim CH, Min WK, et al. Annual report on external quality assessment in urinalysis in Korea (1995). J Clin Pathol Qual Control 1996;18: ( 조성석, 김순랑, 김진규, 김경동, 김정호, 민원기등. 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (1995). 임상병리와정도관리 1996;18:71-86.) 3. Kim KD, Koo SH, Kim EC, Kim JM, Kim CH, Kim JQ, et al. Annual report on external quality assessment in urinalysis in Korea (1998). J Clin Pathol Qual Control 1999;21: ( 김경동, 구선회, 김의종, 김정만, 김정호, 김진규등. 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (1998). 임상병리와정도관리 1999;21:81-93.) 4. Kim KD, Koo SH, Kim EC, Kim JM, Kim JH, Kim JQ, et al. Annual report on external quality assessment in urinalysis in Korea (2007). J Lab Med Qual Assur 2008;30: ( 김경동, 구선회, 김의종, 김정만, 김정호, 김진규등. 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2007). 임상검사와정도관리 2008;30: ) 5. Kim KD, Koo SH, Kim EC, Kim JM, Kim JH, Kim JQ, et al. Annual report on external quality assessment in urinalysis in Korea (2008). J Lab Med Qual Assur 2009;31: ( 김경동, 구선회, 김의종, 김정만, 김정호, 김진규등. 요검사신빙도조사결과보고 (2008). 임상검사와정도관리 2009;31:73-98.)

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