Plan of Off-axis Neutral Beam Injector in KSTAR
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- Rudolf Jayson Reed
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1 KSTAR conference, Feb 25-27, 2015, Daejeon (DCC), Korea Plan of Off-axis Neutral Beam Injector in KSTAR Feb. 26, 2015 DCC, Daejeon, Korea Young-soon Bae a L. Terzolo a, K.S. Lee a, H.K. Kim a, H.L. Yang a, J.G. Kwak a, Y.K. Oh a, H.T. Park a, W. Cho a, J.S. Kim a, S.H. Jeong b, T.S. Kim b, J.M. Park c, H.S. Kim d, C.S. Byun d, Y.S. Na d, a National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea b Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea c Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA d Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
2 2 Status of KSTAR heating devices (2014) Port H Tangential off-axis NBI 2 (100keV/6MW 300s) Beam ECH (170GHz/1MW 300s) Total source power~10mw (design) Beam Ip Co & On-axis tangential PNBI 1 (100keV, 3x2MW IS) ECH (110GHz/84GHz 0.5MW/2s) ICRF (30-60MHz/2MW 300s) LHCD (5GHz/0.5MW 2s)
3 First NBI is designed to provide on-axis CD by 3 beam injection with large R t on the equatorial plane 1 beam box with three 100keV, D+ based arc discharge ion sources - placed in horizontal mid-plane with 4-deg apart from each other No. 2 (2012) No. 1 (2010) No. 3 (2014) On-axis CD profile (torque = 1.6 ~ 2.1 N-m/2MW at 100keV) NUBEAM calculation SECOND Beam Line 4.3MW/~50s D0 (95keV/90keV/80keV) (J.S. Kim s poster) 45 cm 13 cm Long pulse capable positive ion based ion source and multi-aperture plasma grid with CuCrZr 3
4 4 Outline KSTAR main mission Design of off-axis NBI as a second NBI High β steady-state operation scenario using off-axis NBI and ECCD Summary
5 Main mission of KSTAR The mission of the KSTAR is to develop a steady-state-capable advanced superconducting tokamak to establish a scientific and technological basis for an attractive fusion reactor (G.S. Lee, NF 41 (2001)) Steady-state-capable Advanced Tokamak (AT) Operation mode High performance (high β, high H), 100% non-inductive, long pulse (t >> t w >> t R ) 5 Scaled Fusion Power vs. Self-Driven Current Fraction Max. pulse duration = 300 s β t (fusion power pressure index) β t /(1+κ 2 )/ q 95 = 2 ITER β N = ITER SS KSTAR AT 5 6 Stability Index β N β p β p (self-driven current) Considering practical engineering constraints, the activation issue, system cost and conventional facility requirements, the KSTAR tokamak is designed for a maximum pulse length of 300 s (G.S. Lee, NF 41 (2001)) 5
6 First step toward steady state high β N operation, offaxis NBI is essential and attractive in aspect of Enhancement of no-wall and with-wall ideal MHD limit with much broader current distributions (demonstrated in DIII-D experiments) Cost effectiveness (~6.5M$/MW except utility) Availability of tech for IS and BL (c.f. R&D and much time in RF device) Reducing power requirement of LHCD, which is essential to access KSTAR target β N with reversed shear and high q min (q min > 2 avoiding q=2/1 NTM activity) Preliminary design of off-axis NBI C.T. Holcomb, EX/1-5, IAEA FEC, San Diego, Oct. 8-13, 2012 [J.M. Park, APS/DPP 2013] 1.28 m Ion source in vertical plane with longer dimension in horizontal plane 6
7 This design has maximum transport efficiency of 85% Beam profile calculation using superposition of Gaussian profile analysis from each beam-let from ion source accelerator Beam source size: 45 cm x 13 cm Aperture diameter: 1.14 cm No. of beamlets: 28 (hor) x 10 (vert) = 280, Divergence, w = 1 deg Focal length: 10 m (both directions) (Nx=14, Ny=5, alp=7.5deg, beta=0.3deg Xb=0m, Yb=1.35m, fx=10m, fy=10m) y [m] Passive stabilizer Port duct GV beam center 60% 70% 80% 85% 90% 95% >98% z [m] Mainly limited by port duct and passive stabilizer in vacuum vessel In similar to NBI-1, scraper-off in beam line components (neutralizer ) is necessary to protect port duct and passive stabilizer 7
8 NUBEAM simulation shows that preliminary design of off-axis beam with high tangential radius provides high CD efficiency 8 NUBEAM 1MA, 2T, R=1.8m, a=0.5m, kappa=1.8, DN I p in CCW & B t in CW (green) T e =T i, T e (0)=5keV, T ped =0.6keV <n e >=3.7e19/m 3 D b = 0 m 2 /s P b = 2MW for each upward/downward beam ~90kA/MW 17% Downward beam better pitch aligned in this simulation
9 9 Profiles of beam-driven CD and beam power deposition Broad current distribution for 7.5 steering angle extended to ρ ~ 0.6 P be P bi DN MW MW UP MW MW P bi is about 2.6 times higher than P be
10 Prediction on capability of ITER-relevant steady state operation in KSTAR using on-axis & off-axis NBI + ECCD Previous study for capability of ITER steady state scenario in KSTAR using ASTRA [Y.S. Na, NF49 (2009)] Ip = 0.8 MA, Bt = 1.95 T, NBI ~5 MW (balanced two beams), LHCD ~ 3MW β N = 3.03, H 98 (y,2) = 1.67, β N H 98 (y,2)/q 952 = 0.15 (same as ITER SS with Q=5) FASTRAN solver with TGLF & NCLASS, Sauter s bootstrap model, and EFIT solver [J.M. Park/ORNL] Ip = 0.6 MA, Bt = 1.8 T SN shape with κ ~ 1.8 NBI: 4 MW on-axis + 4 MW off-axis ECCD: 105 GHz, 2.4 MW aimed at ρ ~ 0.35 (Details of ECCD by J.H. Jeong s talk) β N = 3.45, f NI = 1.02 f BS = 0.5, q 95 ~ 5, q min = 1.54 (stable against q=3/2 NTM activity) β N H 98 (y,2)/q 952 =? q min = 1.54 at ρ =
11 Some critical issues in beam line design Large opening of GV (1.2 m) Calorimeter - High peak flux due to all beamlet focusing - Design change: smaller opening angle and longer length, extending X-point corner, individual water pipes for sufficient flow rate (6m/s) Scrape-off in individual pre-duct to avoid damage of PS and port duct Ion source - same extraction area as NBI-1 ion source, - but new accelerator design for better beamlet optics and all beamlet focusing Special supporting structure and rails for horizontal residual ion dump and bending magnet Magnetic shielding of BM from vertical stray B field from KSTAR 11
12 12 Plan of KSTAR heating devices aims at 20MW until 2020 Tangential NBI 2 (100keV/6MW 300s) - Port H Port H Beam ECH (105&140GHz/ 2MW 300s) Beam Ip On-axis tangential NBI 1 (100keV/6MW 300s) LHCD (or Helicon) (3MW 300s) ECH (105&140GHz/ 1MW 300s) ICRF (30-60MHz/2MW 300s)
13 13 Summary So far, long-pulse capable on-axis co-nbi in KSTAR enabled different experiments in single shot and successful long pulse H-mode discharge Toward steady state high beta operation in near term of KSTAR milestone, off-axis NBI is very appropriate plan in terms of Enhancement of beta limit Cost effectiveness Availability of required technologies from present NBI Proposed off-axis tangential NBI design with vertical steering is expected to have capability of good performance for steady state high β operation Further simulation study on performance of off-axis NBI for the access to higher beta steady state with q min > 2 with LHCD Installation plan for 6 MW NBI-2 in next 2 years, but
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