Thermodynamic Properties of Low-GWP Refrigerants for Centrifugal Chiller. July 11-14, 2016

Transcription

1 Thermodynamic Properties of Low-GWP Refrigerants for Centrifugal Chiller July 11-14, 2016

2 Contents Introduction Experimental and Result Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region Vapor Pressure and PVT properties Saturated liquid density Discussion July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 2 Conferences

3 Contents Introduction Experimental and Result Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region Vapor Pressure and PVT properties Saturated liquid density Discussion July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 3 Conferences

4 Introduction Environment issue Next Generation! CFCs, HCFCs Protect Ozone Layer HFCs Prevent Global Warming HFOs, HCFOs Europe: MAC Directives (Mobile-air conditioning) F-gas Regulation Japan revise the low: Comprehensive approach for whole lifecycle of fluorocarbons North America Proposal: Gradual reduction of HFCs in the Montreal Protocol US: change SNAP list July 11-14, 2016 Purdue4 Conferences

5 Originally developed gas:hcfo-1224yd(z) HCFO-1224yd(Z) Manufacturer: Asahi Glass Co., Ltd Purity: 98.4% (Z/E isomer =91/9) Water content: less than 5ppm Normal boiling point [ o C] 15 Flammable range [vol%] None Atmosphere Lifetime [year] 21days * GWP(ITH=100) [CO 2 =1] 1 * Ames test Negative LC 50 [ppm] >200,000 July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 5 Conferences * Measured by Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

6 Character of HCFO-1224yd(Z) Low-GWP GWP under 1 Non- Flammable Zero-ODP Zero-ODP( ) LC 50 >200,000ppm AEL=500ppm (as AGC) Low-toxicity HCFO- 1224yd(Z) Stable Same thermal stability as HFCs, more stable than other HFOs Properties are similar to or better than HFC-245fa, especially in refrigeration performance Performance Good compatibility with most oils, metals, plastics and elastomers July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 6 Conferences

7 Chiller Performance of HCFO-1224yd(Z) Actual machine performance HCFO-1224yd(Z) HFC-245fa Condition:JIS B (Centrifugal Chiller); chilled water inlet/outlet 12/7 o C; cooling water inlet/outlet 32/37 o C July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 7 Conferences

8 Contents Introduction Experimental and Result Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region Vapor Pressure and PVT properties Saturated liquid density Discussion July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 8 Conferences

9 Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region Experimental apparatus E J Uncertainties Temp. ± 20 mk F I K Density ± 3 kg/m 3 C B A H L D G A:Optical cell B:Expansion vessel C:Supplying vessel D:Rocking frame E:Vacuum pump F:Platinum resistance thermometer G:Main-heater H:Sub-heater I:Stirrer J:Thermometer bridge K:PID controller L:Thermostated bath July 11-14, 2016 Purdue 9 Conferences

10 Vapor Pressure and PVT properties Q E Experimental apparatus N O M D L K J C H B A F G I P Uncertainties Temp. Pressure A:Vessel B:Differential pressure detector C:Platinum resistance thermometer D:Thermometer bridge E:Thermostated bath F:Main-heater G:Sub-heater H:Platinum resistance thermometer ± 10 mk ± 3 kpa Density ± 0.2 % I:PID controller J:Stirrer K:Tester L:Digital pressure gauge M:Pressure controller N:Digital pressure gauge O: Differential pressure detector P:N2 bottle Q:Vacuum pump July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

11 Experimental apparatus Saturated liquid density H C F Uncertainties Density of float at room temp. Temp. ± 1 kg/m 3 ± 20 mk Density ±3 kg/m 3 E G A B D A:Optical cell B:Pyrex glass floats C:Platinum resistance thermometer D:Heater E:Cooler F:Stirrer G:Thermostated bath H:Thermometer bridge July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

12 Results Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region T[K] T[K] r[kg/m3] r[kg/m3] July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

13 Vapor Pressure and PVT properties P[kPa] Results T[K] T[K] P[kPa] July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

14 Results Vapor Pressure and PVT properties 790kg/m kg/m kg/m 3 P[kPa] kg/m 3 200kg/m 3 100kg/m 3 r= 50kg/m T[K] July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

15 Contents Introduction Experimental and Result Vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the critical region Vapor Pressure and PVT properties Saturated liquid density Discussion July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

16 Critical parameter Critical point measurement Vapor pressure measurement T[K] P[kPa] r[kg/m3] T[K] Critical temperature ±0.05 K Critical density 530 ±5 kg/m 3 Critical Pressure ±0.005 MPa July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

17 Vapor pressure correlation lnp vpr (MPa) =(A 0 τ + A 1 τ 1.5 +A 2 τ 2.5 +A 3 τ 5 /Tr(K)) Eq.(1) τ =1-(T(K)/Tc) A 0 A 1 A 2 A 3 RMS Dev.(%) /Number of data points T C P C ρ C / K MPa 530 kg/m 3 100(Pexp-Pcal)/P'exp) [%] 2.5 Tc T[K] July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

18 Saturated liquid density Correlation ρ (kg/m 3 )/ρ c =1+B 0 τ 1/3 +B 1 τ 2/3 +B 2 τ+b 3 τ 4/3...Eq.(2) τ=1-(t(k)/tc) B 0 B 1 B 2 B 3 RMS Dev.(%) /Number of data points T C P C ρ C / K 3.380MPa 530 kg/m 3 100(r'exp-r'cal)/r'exp) [%] 5.0 Tc T[K] July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

19 Summary Newly determine the thermodynamic properties and critical parameters for HCFO-1224yd(Z) Critical temperature ±0.05 K Critical density 530 ±5 kg/m 3 Critical Pressure 3.38 ±0.005 MPa Develop the correlations of vapor pressure and saturated liquid density based on the present data Next Action Measure High purity of HCFO-1224yd(Z) Make EOS of HCFO-1224yd(Z) July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

20 Acknowledgement This study was implemented by NEDO Project Development of high-efficiency non-cfc and HCFC air-conditioning equipment technology For their valuable support Professor Eiji Hihara of Tokyo University as project leader National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) July 11-14, Purdue Conferences

21 Thank you all for your attention July 11-14, Purdue Conferences