11/22/11. If you add some heat to a substance, is it possible for the temperature of the substance to remain unchanged?

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1 Physics 101 Tuesday 11/22/11 Class 26" Chapter 17.2, 17.5, 17.6, 18.1, 18.2" Kinetic Theory" Latent Heat" Phase changes" 1 st law of thermodynamics" " Which one is not the assumption in kinetic theory of gases A) the molecules of the gas are in continual random motion B) The molecules interact during the collisions C) The molecules are tiny hard sphere undergoing inelastic collision D) The collisions are of short duration Choose the correct statement of the following A) The pressure of the gas is equal to the total kinetic energy of the molecules in a unit volume of the gas B) The product of pressure and volume of the gas is always constant C) The average kinetic energy of a molecule of the gas is proportional to its absolute temperature D) The average kinetic energy of a molecule of the gas is proportional to the square root of its absolute temperature If you add some heat to a substance, is it possible for the temperature of the substance to remain unchanged? a) yes b) no 1

2 There are two statement about Ideal gases A. The v rms of gas molecules depends on the mass of the gas molecule and the temperature B. The v rms is same for all the gases at the same temperature which one of the following is correct a. A and B both b. A only c B only d. A and B both are incorrect The rms speed of O2 is 1550 m/s at a given temperature. Is the v rms speed of H2O at this temperature greater than, less than or equal to 1550 m/s? A) Greater than B) less than C) equal to What is the RMS speed of H2O at this temperature? In the equation U = 3/2 nrt what is n? A) the number of moles B) the number of atoms C) the number of atoms in the molecule D) the number of molecules In the equation U = 3/2 NkT what is N? A) the number of moles B) the number of atoms C) the number of atoms in the molecule D) the number of molecules 2

3 The internal energy of an ideal gas depends on A) its pressure. B) its volume. C) its temperature. D) its temperature and pressure. E) its temperature, pressure, and volume. A sample of an ideal gas is slowly compressed to one-half its original volume with no change in temperature. What happens to the average speed of the molecules in the sample? A) It does not change. B) It quadruples. C) It doubles. D) It halves. E) cannot be determined without more information Two containers of equal volume each hold samples of the same ideal gas. Container A has twice as many molecules as container B. If the gas pressure is the same in the two containers, the correct statement regarding the absolute temperatures TA and TB in containers A and B, respectively, is A) TA = TB. B) TA = 2TB. C) TA = 1 2 T B. 1 D) TA = T B. 2 E) TA = 1 T B. 4 Will potatoes cook faster if the water is boiling faster? a) yes b) no 3

4 Phase Changes! Which will cause more severe burns to your skin: 100 C water or 100 C steam? When a solid melts A) the temperature of the substance increases. B) the temperature of the substance decreases. C) heat energy leaves the substance. D) heat energy enters the substance. a) water b) steam c) both the same d) it depends... Phase Changes! Phase changes occur A) as the temperature decreases. B) as the temperature increases. C) as the temperature remains the same. D) all of the above E) none of the above You put 1 kg of ice at 0 C together with 1 kg of water at 50 C. What is the final temperature? L F = 80 cal/g c water = 1 cal/g C a) 0 C b) between 0 C and 50 C c) 50 C d) greater than 50 C 4

5 You put 1 kg of ice at 0 C together with 1 kg of steam at 100 C. What is the final temperature? L F = 80 cal/g, L v = 540 cal/g c water = 1 cal/g C a) between 0 C and 50 C b) 50 C Worked example! To help keep a barn warm on cold days, a farmer stores 900 kg of warm water in the barn. How many hours would a 2.0 kw electric heater have to operate to provide the same amount of heat as is given off by the water as it cools from 20 C to 0 C then freezes? c) between 50 C and 100 C d) 100 C e) greater than 100 C Phase changes and latent heat! Data: c ice = 0.50 cal/(g o C), c water = 1.00 cal/(g o C), c steam = 0.48 cal/(g o C), L (ice-water) = 80 cal/g, L (water-steam) =539 cal/g Which requires the most energy? A: Raise the temperature of 1 gram of liquid water 50 o C. B: Melt 1 gram of ice at T=0 o C. C: Raise the temp. of 1 gram of ice from 73K to 273K. D: Vaporize 0.5 gram of water at T=100 o C. A) This situation violates the First Law of Thermodynamics B) The First Law is satisfied, the internal energy in the box is increasing C) The First Law is satisfied, the internal energy in the box is decreasing D) The First Law is satisfied, the internal energy in the box is constant 5

6 A rigid, constant volume container containing a mass that could be solid, liquid and/or gas is brought into contact with a much hotter object. The temperature of the contents: A) Always increases B) Always decreases C) Always increases or remains the same D) Could increase, decrease or remain the same. A gas is contained in a sealed, frictionless, piston-cylinder arrangement, where the piston mass and the atmospheric pressure above the piston remain constant. The gas is heated and expands in the cylinder. In this process: A) Work is done on the gas B) Work is done by the gas C) No work is done D) Insufficient information A gas is contained in a sealed, frictionless, piston-cylinder arrangement, where the piston mass and the atmospheric pressure above the piston remain constant. The gas is heated and expands in the cylinder. The density of the gas will: a. Increase b. Remain the same c. Decrease d. Insufficient information Air is contained in a sealed tank of fixed volume. The air in the tank is initially at 20 C and 1 atm (101.3 kpa). It is then heated to 250 C. What will happen to the energy of the air in the container? A) Energy will decrease B) Energy will not change C) Energy will increase D) Insufficient information 6

7 Air is contained in a sealed tank of fixed volume. The air in the tank is initially at 20 C and 1 atm (101.3 kpa). It is then heated to 250 C. What will happen to the density of the air in the container? A) Density will decrease B) Density will not change C) Density will increase D) Insufficient information An ice cube is placed in a cup containing some liquid water. The water and ice exchange energy with each other but not with the outside world. Consider the following possibility: After awhile, we find that the water has increased in temperature and ice has gotten colder. A) Yes, this still satisfies the 1 st Law of Thermo and happens in Nature. B) No, this process violates the 1 st Law and cannot happen. C) No, this process satisfies the 1 st Law, but still does not happen in Nature. Reading Assignment! If a system undergoes a reversible process, A) it must be possible to restore the system to its original state. B) it must be possible to restore the surroundings to their original state. C) it must be possible to restore both the system and the surroundings to their original states. D) it is impossible to restore either the the system or the surroundings to their original states. E) the system must not interact with its surroundings. Tuesday 11/ , 18.4, 18.6 Thursday 12/

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