Thermal Physics Lectures Nos. 8 and 9. Name: ID number:.. Date:.

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1 Thermal Physics Lectures Nos. 8 and 9. Name: ID number:.. Date:. 1. Which of the following statements about thermal contact and thermal equilibrium is NOT true? A) Two objects can be in thermal equilibrium even if they are not in thermal contact with each other. B) Heat may be transferred between two objects when they are in thermal contact. C) For energy to be transferred between two objects they have to be in thermal contact. D) Thermal contact between two objects allows energy to be transferred without the use of macroscopic work. E) Two objects, one that feels cold and the other does not feel as cold, does not imply that they are not in thermal equilibrium. 2. If it is known that two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, one can conclude that A) they must be in thermal equilibrium with a third body. B) there must be a net heat flow between them. C) the bodies must be at different temperatures. D) some shared physical property must be changing. E) None of these is correct. 3. If it is known that two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, one can conclude that A) they must be in thermal equilibrium with a third body. B) there must be a net heat flow between them. C) the bodies must be at different temperatures. D) some shared physical property must be changing. E) they must be at the same temperature. 4. An example of a thermometric property is A) the volume of a gas. B) the pressure of a confined gas. C) the electrical resistance of an electrical conductor. D) the length of a column of mercury. E) All of these are correct. 5. Calculate the point on the Fahrenheit scale when numerically it is 100 degrees larger than that of the Celsius scale for the same temperature. A) 85 B) 265 C) 185 D) 165 E) no such point exists 6. The temperature in January in Winnipeg, Manitoba, has been known to go down to 40ºC. What is this temperature on the Fahrenheit scale? A) 40ºF B) 104ºF C) +9.8ºF D) 72ºF E) 32ºF 1

2 7. Normal human body temperature is 98.6ºF. What is the corresponding Celsius temperature? A) 54.8ºC B) 72.6ºC C) 40.0ºC D) 37.0ºC E) 35.5ºC 8. If you plot a graph with Fahrenheit temperatures along the horizontal axis and the corresponding Celsius temperatures along the vertical axis, the slope of the equal-temperature line will be A) 40 Fº/Cº B) 32 Fº/Cº C) 1.8 Fº/Cº D) 0.56 Fº/Cº E) 0 Fº/Cº Topic: Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature Type: Factual 9. A temperature difference of 5 Cº is the same as a difference of A) 41 Fº B) 14 Fº C) 9 Fº D) 5 Fº E) 15 Fº 10. Topic: Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature Which curve correctly represents the relation of the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit to the temperature in degrees Celsius? 2

3 11. A thermometer is constructed by filling a small glass tube with a liquid that expands linearly with temperature. The thermometer is then calibrated at 0 C and 100 C, and the scale evenly divided between the two values. Unfortunately a manufacturing defect results in the middle one-third of the tube being narrower, otherwise the tube has uniform diameter. For what range of temperatures is the reading accurate? 100 o C 0C o A) 0 C to 33 C B) 0 C and 67 C C) 0 C to 33 C and 67 C to 100 C D) 67 C to 100 C E) At no point does this thermometer gives the right reading except at 0 C and 100 C. 12. A temperature of 14ºF is equivalent to A) 10ºC B) 7.77ºC C) 25.5ºC D) 26.7ºC E) 47.7ºC 13. A temperature difference of 9ºF is the same as a difference of A) 5ºC B) 9ºC C) 20ºC D) 68ºC E) 100ºC 14. The temperature at which the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales read the same is A) 40ºC B) 40ºC C) 20ºF D) 68ºF E) 100ºC 15. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in the United States are 134ºF (California, 1913) and 80ºF (Alaska, 1971). What are these temperatures in kelvins? A) 407 K and 193 K D) 340 K and 300 K B) 330 K and 211 K E) 365 K and 246 K C) 347 K and 228 K 16. A constant-volume gas thermometer reads 6.66 kpa at the triple point of water. What is the pressure reading at the normal boiling point of water? A) 2.44 kpa B) 18.2 kpa C) 9.10 kpa D) 11.8 kpa E) 4.87 kpa 3

4 Topic: Gas Thermometers & Absolute Temperature 17. Which of the following statements about absolute zero temperature is true? A) At absolute zero all translational motion of the particles ceases. B) At absolute zero all rotational motion of the particles ceases. C) Absolute zero is defined at C. D) At absolute zero all the particles are at rest, except for the quantum motion. E) All the above. 18. An interval of 30 kelvins is equivalent to an interval of A) 30 Fahrenheit degrees. D) 303 Fahrenheit degrees. B) 76 Fahrenheit degrees. E) None of these is correct. C) 577 Fahrenheit degrees. 19. The temperature of the air on a hot day when the temperature is 108ºF is A) 10ºC B) 110ºC C) 32 K D) 315 K E) 420 K 20. Topic: Gas Thermometers & Absolute Temperature The graph shows the natural logarithm of the temperature of various thermometers as a function of time. The thermometer that cools at the quickest rate is 4

5 21. Topic: Gas Thermometers & Absolute Temperature The graph shows the natural logarithm of the temperature of various thermometers as a function of time. The thermometer that cools at the slowest rate is Topic: Gas Thermometers & Absolute Temperature 22. A gas thermometer could measure temperature change by measuring the change in A) density at constant volume. D) volume at constant temperature. B) specific heat at constant volume. E) mass at constant volume. C) pressure at constant volume. 23. The temperature of the air on a cold day when the temperature is 23ºF is A) 100 K B) 5ºC C) 273 K D) 373 K E) 15ºF Conceptual Problems 24. True or false: (a) The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that two objects in thermal equilibrium with each other must be in thermal equilibrium with a third object. (b) The Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales differ only in the choice of the ice-point temperature. (c) The Celsius degree and the kelvin are the same size. 25. How can you determine if two objects are in thermal equilibrium with each other when putting them into physical contact with each other would have undesirable effects? (For example, if you put a piece of sodium in contact with water there would be a violent chemical reaction.) 26. ʺYesterday I woke up and it was 20 ºF in my bedroom,ʺ said Matsumoto to his old friend Peter. ʺThat s nothing,ʺ replied Peter. ʺMy room was 5.0 ºC.ʺ Who had the colder room, Matsumoto or Peter? 27. Two identical vessels contain different ideal gases at the same pressure and temperature. It follows that (a) the number of gas molecules is the same in both vessels, (b) the total mass of gas is the same in both vessels, (c) the average speed of the gas molecules is the same in both vessels, (d) None of the above. 5

Lecture 2: Zero law of thermodynamics

Lecture 2: Zero law of thermodynamics 1. Thermometers and temperature scales 2. Thermal contact and thermal equilibrium 3. Zeroth law of thermodynamics 1. Thermometers and Temperature scales We often associate