Monitoring tidal dynamics by a high resolution current mapping system
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1 Monitoring tidal dynamics by a high resolution current mapping system Alexei Sentchev Lab. Océanologie & Géosciences, Université du Littoral, FRANCE Max Yaremchuk NRL, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA 47th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Dynamics, 4-8 May 2015
2 Motivation Energy generation from tidal flow is growing activity in Europe (potential in France 3-4 GW, in UK 5-6 GW) more than 10 yr history of tidal flow energy conversion SeaFlow (MST Ltd) first run 30 May 2003 SeaGen project (2006 to date) >2800MWh OpenHydro turbine testing at Paimpol site in Brittany Site screening for Renewable Energy projects & resource characterization at tidal sites is an early stage project activity
3 Underway velocity measurements by towed or vessel mounted ADCP is very efficient tool - Site & Resource Assessment - Environmental Monitoring - Assessment of the performance of tidal turbines - Turbulence investigations - Impact of tidal devices on the flow properties, sediment transport, ecology, Surface velocity south of Dover 13:20 14:20 on 5/07/13 Current reversal at 13:40 ( HW hours) SeaGen site The tidal flow change during surveying period often distorts the results of current mapping High resolution current mapping of energetic tidal flow requires an accurate space-time velocity interpolation
4 Current mapping system Low-cost, compact, towed ADCP profiling system Koursk with measurements taken at 0.5m accuracy (onboard GPS) GPS errors filtering projection of recorded velocities on a regular space-time grid by Optimal Interpolation (OI) of velocity profiles using statistics from regional model runs assessment of the interpolation errors (1) Broadband RDI ADCP (1.2 or 0.6 MHz) (2,3) High precision GPS and data acquisition system (4) onboard ADV and mini-ctd
5 Objectives: Assess the performance of a low-cost towed ADCP current mapping system Perform Optimal Interpolation of underway velocity meas in time and space Retrieve the evolution of tidal currents in limited size tidal basins Estimate the quality of current field s reconstruction OI: state & sample vectors, covariances, u * m u = [ ] * * u Ku T 1 N Sample velocity vector Model (background) velocity vector u State velocity vector B, R i H Model and Obs covariances Operator projecting u onto i-th observation point
6 Study sites Dover Seaward area of Dover Harbour Boulogne Harbour (BLH) Boulogne
![velocity sample [R] = σ 2 ii I d](/docs-images/94/119453901/images/7-4.jpg "Covariance matrix of")
7 Velocity surveys in BLH Boulogne harbour : surface circulation and transport pattern from arian image at HW-1 hour Along-track velocity sample [R] = σ 2 ii I d Covariance matrix of observations
8 Local circulation model MARS-3D x = 110 m; t = 30 s; 20 σ-levels nested into 1 km resolution regional model (Jouanneau et al., Oc.Dyn ) Model domain & bathymetry 3D field Time 3D field Time 3D field Time [B] E n s e m b l e m e m b e r s Space-time background covariance matrix (4-dimensional)
9 Current fields in the BLH: observations & model results March 27, 12:00-14:00 GMT (HW at 13:30) March 29, 07:00-08:25 GMT (LW at 07:25) June 28, 17:40-19:20 GMT (HW at 17:20)
10 OI interpolation of velocity measurements Velocity measurements interpolated for the mid time of the Survey 1 (March 27, 13:00, HW-0.5 hour) Crigging Interpolation errors in measurement locations OI: e = 0.23 Crigging: e = 0.36
11 OI interpolation in space and time Model snapshots on March 27, around HW 12:20 (HW-1.1h) 14:00 (HW+0.5h) 15:30 (HW+2h) Velocity observations (red) at the interpolation time (10 min window) Low discrepancy with obs: e < 0.08 Discrepancy between the model and interpolated velocities (color shading) is higher 0.04 < e < 0.30
12 Bottom mounted vs towed ADCP measurements Towed ADCP survey U component Obs point ADCP V component C u C v e Model vs ADCP Space-time OI vs ADCP
13 Interpolation errors a posteriori error covariance matrix Error reduction: 2 γ = ( σ ( x, t) / diag( B)) 1/2 for the 1st survey (composite map)
14 Conclusions Advantages of experimental platform for high resolution underway velocity measurements in coastal tidal basins: - low-cost, compact, easy to deploy and to do survey - not intrusive (suitable for sampling in the surface layer) - current profiling at low depth (estuaries, harbors, ) - in deep areas - profiling until bottom (or great depth) OI technique is employed to retrieve the evolution of tidal currents from the survey data Space-time correlations of the flow field are derived from numerical simulations of the tidal currents by MARS 3D model Application of the current mapping system demonstrated significant reduction (30-60%) of the model-data misfit due to OI of the velocity observations in space and time Interesting possibilities exist for reconstruction the 3D evolution of the velocity field, sediment dynamics, turbulence in the tidal flow at Renewable Energy sites,
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