h-x diagram (psychrometric chart)
|
|
- Aubrie Todd
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 h-x diagram (psychrometric chart) Determination of physical and thermodynamic properties of gas-vapour mixtures Department for Building Service and Process Engineering Balázs Bokor, PhD student Building D, Room 124 a Tel: ; bokor@epgep.bme.hu
2 INTRODUCTION BUDAPEST TIHANY PÉCS Source: ESZTERGOM Source: balaton.network.hu Source: 2 Source:
3 Source: 3
4 INTRODUCTION Source: Source: Source: 4 Source:
5 DEFINITIONS Atmospheric air consists of: Gaseous components Water vapour Contaminants (e.g. smoke, pollen and gaseous pollutants) Source: 5
6 DEFINITIONS Dry air Oxygen 21% other gases 1% All water vapour and contaminants removed Its composition is relatively constant Moist air A two-component-mixture of dry air and water vapour Nitrogen 78% The components of dry air The amount of water vapour in moist air can vary from 0 (dry air) to a maximum value (saturation) Saturation depends on temperature and pressure 6
7 HUMIDITY PARAMETERS Absolute humidity (x) The absolute humidity of a given moist air sample is the ratio of the mass of water vapour to the mass of dry air in the sample wv: water vapour da: dry air x = m wv m da Assuming ideal gas behaviour kg wv kg da 7
8 HUMIDITY PARAMETERS Specific enthalpy The specific enthalpy of a humid air sample (h 1+x ) containing 1 kg dry air and x kg water vapour at a temperature of t equals the enthalpy of the dry air and the enthalpy of x kg water vapour. The specific enthalpy of dry air: h da = c p,da t c p,da : specific heat capacity of dry air kj kg K The specific enthalpy of x kg water vapour: h wv = x r o + c p,wv t r o : enthalpy of the water s vaporisation kj kg c p,wv : specific heat capacity of water vapour kj kg K h 1+x = c p,da t + x(r 0 + c p,wv t) sensible heat + latent heat 8
9 HUMIDITY PARAMETERS With exact values t = 0 C h 1+x = 0 kj kg The specific heat capacity of dry air: c p,da = 1 kj kg K The specific heat capacity of water vapour: c p,wv = 1.86 kj The enthalpy of the water s vaporisation: r 0 = 2501 kj kg kg K h 1+x = t + x( t) 9
10 STRUCTURE OF THE h-x DIAGRAM h 1+x = t + x( t) Lines of constant temperature in h 1 x x diagram Rise of lines: h 1+x x t=const. = t Lines of constant temperature diverge with rising temperature Source: Bihari: Termodinamika 10
11 Source: en.wikipedia.org STRUCTURE OF THE h-x DIAGRAM h 1+x = t + x( t) r 0 c p,wv divergence of lines is minimal Rise of line t = 0 C: 2501 Rise of line t = 100 C: 2687 Problem with readibility Richard Mollier ( ) German professor of Applied Physics Transformation of coordinates Rotation of axis x by α axis x α h=const. lines axis x α 11
12 STRUCTURE OF THE h-x DIAGRAM Transformation of coordinates Rotation of axis x by α axis x α h=const. lines axis x α Still no information about condensation Source: Bihari: Termodinamika 12
13 To see the connection between pressure, humidity and partial vapour pressure, let s see the fraction of the ideal gas laws of both components: V k p da V k p wv = R m da T M da R m wv T M wv p wv p da = m wv m da M da M vw = x = 1.61 x Knowing that: p 1+x = p da + p wv we can express p wv as follows: p wv = p 1+x x x x ; p wv What s the maximum value of x at a certain temperature? 13
14 At a certain temperature p wv, max = p s x s x s = p s p 1+x p s From this point humidity mixed into the compound can be only in liquid state of matter. Liquid water droplets suspended in the air are commonly known as fog. The specific enthalpy of foggy air is: h 1+x = c p,da t + x s r 0 + c p,wv t + x x s c p,w t Substituting c p,w = 4.17 DRY AIR WATER VAPOUR FOG kj kg K temperature lines when x > x s : we determine the rise of constant h 1+x x t=const = 4.17 t 14
15 h-x DIAGRAM OF HUMID AIR Source: Bihari: Termodinamika With rising x until saturation curve constant temperature lines are slightly steeper than horizontal; reaching the saturation curve, the rise falls Curve connecting breaking points is called saturation curve (φ=1 or 100%) Position of the saturation curve depends on the p total If p total x s saturation curve 15
16 h-x DIAGRAM OF HUMID AIR Source: Bihari: Termodinamika Relative humidity (φ) is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapour (p wv ) in a given moist air sample to the partial pressure of water vapour in an air sample saturated at the same temperature and pressure (p s (T)) φ = p wv p s (T) % or 16
17 Source: RELATIVE HUMIDITY (ϕ) IN DAILY LIFE Everyday devices Breath becomes visible Weather forecast Source: Source: 17
18 RELATIVE HUMIDITY (ϕ) IN DAILY LIFE Source: Source: Finnish sauna: t in = C; φ = 10% 18
19 Source: Source: THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY (ϕ) Medicine Operation theatres Relative humidity (φ) must be kept on an exact value If too low, wounds would dry out If too high, patient and personnel would sweat Rehabilitation treatment Lake cave in Tapolca Used for curing respiratory diseases t = 20 C; φ = ~100% High Ca content 19
20 THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY (ϕ) Pipe organs 20 Source: mupa.hu, seenandheard-international.com, organforum.com
21 THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY (ϕ) Pipe organs 21 Source: en.wikipedia.org
22 THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY (ϕ) Pipe organs Empty hall Full hall Increased human heat and moisture load 22 Source: budapest.varosom.hu
23 THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY (ϕ) Pipe organs 23 Source:
24 Source: enfo.agt.bme.hu Source: THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY (ϕ) Drying technologies Extremely complex air conditioning needed Relative humidity (φ) defines the intensity drying process If drying too intensive, product gets crusty If drying too weak, product gets mouldy 24
25 Source: Source: en.wikipedia.org Source: Bihari: Termodinamika THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY (ϕ) Flight altitude: up to 12,000 m t outside = -50 C Thin outside air gets pressurised (gets very hot) and cooled Mixing with cabin air (50-50%) 25
26 ADIABATIC HUMIDIFICATION What happens when humid air contacts a large surface of water adiabatically? Source: Bihari: Termodinamika x air ; t air ; φ air t water because of evaporation If τ= t water = t air = t wb wet bulb temperature h 1 = h 2 t 1 > t 2 and φ 1 < φ 2 Q air water = Q evaporation Outgoing air is saturated (φ=100%) 26
27 Source: Bihari:Termodinamika Source: ADIABATIC HUMIDIFICATION Dry bulb temperature is the temperature of the air-water vapour mixture measured in the normal way with a thermometer. t db [ C] Wet bulb temperature is the temperature shown by a thermometer with a wetted bulb exposed to a current of air to cause evaporation of its moisture. t wb [ C] 27
28 Source: Source: webaruhaz.abako.hu HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT DEVICES The elastic modulus of certain organic (hair or sheep gut) materials can depend on their humidity content. Stressed with constant force their length can change depending on the humidity of the surrounding air. 28
29 MIXING PROCESSES IN h-x DIAGRAM Mixing two different qualities of humid air Accounting equations m 1 h 1 + m 2 h 2 = m m h m m 1 x 1 + m 2 x 2 = m m x m m 1 + m 2 = m m h m = m 1 h 1 + m 2 h 2 m 1 + m 2 x m = m 1 x 1 + m 2 x 2 m 1 + m 2 29
30 MIXING PROCESSES IN h-x DIAGRAM Mixing two different qualities of humid air Source: Bihari: Termodinamika Mixing two different qualities of humid air the condition of the mixture is to be found on the line connecting the two initial conditions. The position is to be defined by the law of the lever. 30
31 Source: Source: Bihari: Termodinamika MIXING PROCESSES IN h-x DIAGRAM Mixing humid air with water If water is added to air without any heat supply, the air condition changes adiabatically along a constant enthalpy line. φ 2 =95% (complete saturation cannot be reached) 31
32 MIXING PROCESSES IN h-x DIAGRAM Mixing humid air with water Accounting equations m air h 1 + m w h w = m air h 2 m air x 1 + m w = m air x 2 h 2 = m air h 1 + m w h w m air x 2 = m air x 1 + m air m w Source: Bihari: Termodinamika 32
33 Source: Bihari: Termodinamika MIXING PROCESSES IN h-x DIAGRAM Mixing humid air with water Adiabatic humidification (along h=constant line) t air ; t water ; x air ; φ air Water hygiene extremely important 33
34 Source: MIXING PROCESSES IN h-x DIAGRAM Mixing humid air with water: WATER HYGENE EXTREMELY IMPORTANT Legionella bacteria present in water Legionellosis Legionellosis is transmitted by the inhalation of aerosolised water contaminated with the bacteria. Prevention: THERMAL DESINFECTATION 34
35 MIXING PROCESSES IN h-x DIAGRAM Mixing humid air with steam h x = h steam = r 0 + c p,steam t Source: Bihari: Termodinamika Accounting equations m air h 1 + m s h s = m air h 2 m air x 1 + m s = m air x 2 h 2 = m air h 1 + m s h s m air x 2 = m air x 1 + m air m s 35
36 Source: Bihari: Termodinamika COOLING AND HUMIDITY LOAD IN CLOSED SPACES Cooling load People Lighting Machinery Hot surfaces Surfaces of water Instationer cooling load (summer) Heat loss (winter) Humidity load People Surfaces of water Gradient scale h x = Q m w 36
37 Source: Bihari: Termodinamika HEATING PROCESSES IN h-x DIAGRAM When heating moist air Specific moisture (x) remains constant Relative humidity (φ) decreases Design parameter of outdoor air in Hungary (winter) t out = 15 C φ out = 90% 37
38 COOLING AND DEHUMIDIFYING Design parameter of outdoor air in Hungary (summer) t out = 30 C φ out = 45% Fall of temperature: x=const. Source: Bihari: Termodinamika Dew-point (t dew ) is the temperature at which an air-water vapour mixture will become saturated and begin to yield drops of condensed water. Cooling humid air from t 1 to t 2 results in Δx amount of condensate. 38
39 AVOIDING CONDENSATION Source: Source: Insulating heating pipelines Foil-laminated mineral rock wool insulation Air among fasers Economical solution Insulating cooling pipelines A built in vapour barrier prevents condensation For cold water services, chilled water lines, air conditioning ductwork and refrigerated pipework 39
40 Source: Source: Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/silica_gel DRYING AGENT SILICA GEL Granular, porous form of silicon dioxide made synthetically from sodium silicate. High surface area: ~800 m 2 /g It has a strong affinity for water molecules (desiccant or drying agent). In WW1 used for the adsorption of vapours and gases in gas mask canisters. In WW2 used for keeping penicillin dry and protecting military equipment from moisture damage. Humidity indicator: changes colour. Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/silica_gel 40
41 Source: AIR HANDLING UNITS (AHU) Air heating Mixing two different qualities of humid air Adiabatic humidifying Air cooling 41
42 Source: Source: FROM h-x DIAGRAM TO PSYCHROMETRIC CHART 42
43 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION Department for Building Service and Process Engineering Balázs Bokor, PhD student Building D, Room 124 a Tel: ; bokor@epgep.bme.hu 43
Ventilation. 6 Heat Exchangers. Air-conditioning processes. Vladimír Zmrhal (room no. 814)
Ventilation 6 Heat Exchangers Vladimír Zmrhal (room no. 814) http://users.fs.cvut.cz/~zmrhavla/index.htm Dpt. Of Environmental Engineering 1 Air-conditioning processes comfort 2 1 Dimensioning of air-conditioning
More informationSubject: Principles of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Lecturer: Assistant Professor Dr. Waheed Shaty Mohammed
Subject: Principles of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Lecturer: Assistant Professor Dr. Waheed Shaty Mohammed Refrences: 1-A. R. Trott and T. Welch " Refrigeration and Air conditioning ",Third Edition
More informationApplied Thermodynamics for Marine Systems Prof. P. K. Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Applied Thermodynamics for Marine Systems Prof. P. K. Das Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 21 Psychometric Processes Good afternoon, yesterday we
More informationME6301- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW PART-A
ME6301- ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS UNIT I BASIC CONCEPT AND FIRST LAW PART-A 1. What is meant by thermodynamics system? (A/M 2006) Thermodynamics system is defined as any space or matter or group of matter
More informationR13 SET - 1 '' ''' '' ' '''' Code No RT21033
SET - 1 II B. Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, June - 2015 THERMODYNAMICS (Com. to ME, AE, AME) Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70 Note: 1. Question Paper consists of two parts (Part-A and Part-B)
More informationSection 2 of 6 Applied Psychrometrics
Section 2 of 6 Applied Psychrometrics Psychrometric chart - your energy map Key psychrometric variables for humidity Predicting building condensation Hot weather Cold weather Predicting moisture sorption
More informationNon-Reacting Gas Mixtures. Introduction. P-V-T Relationships for Ideal Gas Mixtures. Amagat Model (law of additive volumes)
Non-Reacting Gas Mixtures Reading Problems 13-1 13-3 13-52, 13-60 14-1 14-7 14-32, 14-35, 14-68, 14-71, 14-75 14-79, 14-103, 14-112 Introduction homogeneous gas mixtures are frequently treated as a single
More informationLecture 07 February 10, 2010 Water in the Atmosphere: Part 1
Lecture 07 February 10, 2010 Water in the Atmosphere: Part 1 About Water on the Earth: The Hydrological Cycle Review 3-states of water, phase change and Latent Heat Indices of Water Vapor Content in the
More informationFinal Examination. Part A Answer ONLY TWELVE QUESTIONS in Part A. (Each question is 3 points)
ATS 210 Spring Term 2001 NAME: Final Examination This is a 2 hour, closed-book examination. Calculators may be used. All answers should be written on the examination paper. Use the final sheet for any
More informationCAE 331/513 Building Science Fall 2015
CAE 331/513 Building Science Fall 2015 Week 5: September 24, 2015 Psychrometrics (equations) Advancing energy, environmental, and sustainability research within the built environment www.built-envi.com
More informationIntroduction. Lecture 6: Water in Atmosphere. How Much Heat Is Brought Upward By Water Vapor?
Lecture 6: Water in Atmosphere Introduction Over 70% of the planet is covered by water Water is unique in that it can simultaneously exist in all three states (solid, liquid, gas) at the same temperature
More informationWeather, Atmosphere and Meteorology
S c i e n c e s Weather, Atmosphere and Meteorology Key words: Atmosphere, Ozone, Water vapor, solar radiation, Condensation, Evaporation, Humidity, Dew-Point Temperature, Cirrus Clouds, Stratus Clouds,
More informationWATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE
WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE During a rainstorm, the air feels moist On a clear, cloudless day, the air may feel dry As the sun heats the land and oceans, the amount of water in the atmosphere changes Water
More informationPHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By Brett Lucas
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY By Brett Lucas INTRODUCTION TO ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE Atmospheric Moisture The Nature of Water The Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation Measures of Humidity Condensation The Buoyancy of Air Precipitation
More informationThermodynamics Introduction and Basic Concepts
Thermodynamics Introduction and Basic Concepts by Asst. Prof. Channarong Asavatesanupap Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Thammasat University 2 What is Thermodynamics? Thermodynamics
More informationChapter 4 Water Vapor
Chapter 4 Water Vapor Chapter overview: Phases of water Vapor pressure at saturation Moisture variables o Mixing ratio, specific humidity, relative humidity, dew point temperature o Absolute vs. relative
More informationName Class Date. 3. In what part of the water cycle do clouds form? a. precipitation b. evaporation c. condensation d. runoff
Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: Water in the Air 1. What do we call the condition of the atmosphere at a certain time and place? a. the water cycle b. weather c. climate d. precipitation THE
More informationName... Class... Date... Specific heat capacity and specific latent heat
Specific heat capacity and specific latent heat Specification references: P3.2.2 Temperature changes in a system and specific heat capacity P3.2.3 Changes of heat and specific latent heat Aims This is
More informationPrinciples of Food and Bioprocess Engineering (FS 231) Solutions to Example Problems on Psychrometrics
Principles of Food and Bioprocess Engineering (FS 21) Solutions to Example Problems on Psychrometrics 1. We begin by identifying the conditions of the two streams on the psychrometric chart as follows.
More informationWater in the Atmosphere
Water in the Atmosphere Characteristics of Water solid state at 0 o C or below (appearing as ice, snow, hail and ice crystals) liquid state between 0 o C and 100 o C (appearing as rain and cloud droplets)
More informationCAE 331/513 Building Science Fall 2017
CAE 331/513 Building Science Fall 2017 October 5, 2017 Psychrometrics (equations) Advancing energy, environmental, and sustainability research within the built environment www.built-envi.com Twitter: @built_envi
More informationMARIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MARIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ATTOOR ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS (TWO MARK QUESTION BANK) UNIT 1 (BASIC COMCEPTS AND FIRST LAW) 1. Define the term thermal engineering. Thermal engineering
More informationFebruary 11, Weather and Water Investigation 6 Day 6
Weather and Water Investigation 6 Day 6 What is dew point? Bell Work Response Sheet: Water In The Air Answers When we put water on our hands and waved them in the air, our skin felt cooler. That's because
More informationS.E. (Chemical Engineering) (Second Semester)EXAMINATION, 2012 THERMODYNAMICS-I (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100
Total No. of Questions 12] [Total No. of Printed Pages 7 Seat No. [4162]-189 S.E. (Chemical Engineering) (Second Semester)EXAMINATION, 2012 THERMODYNAMICS-I (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks
More informationSEM-2017(03HI MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Paper II. Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions.
We RoU No. 700095 Candidate should write his/her Roll No. here. Total No. of Questions : 7 No. of Printed Pages : 7 SEM-2017(03HI MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Paper II Time ; 3 Hours ] [ Total Marks : 0 Instructions
More informationUBMCC11 - THERMODYNAMICS. B.E (Marine Engineering) B 16 BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW PART- A
UBMCC11 - THERMODYNAMICS B.E (Marine Engineering) B 16 UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW PART- A 1. What do you understand by pure substance? 2. Define thermodynamic system. 3. Name the different types
More informationaccording to and water. High atmospheric pressure - Cold dry air is other air so it remains close to the earth, giving weather.
EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE Composition of the atmosphere - Earth's atmosphere consists of nitrogen ( %), oxygen ( %), small amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, argon, krypton, ozone, neon and other gases such
More informationSolid Liquid Gas 1. Solids have a fixed volume and a definite shape.
1 MATTER:- Anything or everything which occupies space and has mass is called matter. This word is used to cover all the substances and the material from which the universe is made. For example, the air
More informationThe Water Cycle. Water in the Atmosphere AOSC 200 Tim Canty. Class Web Site:
Water in the Atmosphere AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Latent Heat Evaporation & Saturation Relative Humidity Dew Point Lecture 11 Oct 2 2018
More informationDEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ME6301-ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
SYED AMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Approved by the AICTE, New Delhi, Govt. of Tamilnadu and Affiliated to Anna University, chennai) Established in 1998 - An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution Dr. E.M.Abdullah
More informationScience Chapter 13,14,15
Science 1206 Chapter 13,14,15 1 Weather dynamics is the study of how the motion of water and air causes weather patterns. Energy from the Sun drives the motion of clouds, air, and water. Earth s tilt at
More informationTopic 1 The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Variables
Name Notes: Topic 1 The Atmosphere Regents Earth Science Topic 1 The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Variables What is the atmosphere? Meteorology is the study of A. Structure of the Atmosphere: What two gases
More informationThe Numerical Psychrometric Analysis
he Numerical sychrometric Analysis by Jorge R. López Busó, MSME, E Introduction he sychrometric Analysis is the base of any HVAC system design. Nowadays, the psychrometric analysis is mainly done by means
More informationChapter 1 Introduction and Basic Concepts
Chapter 1 Introduction and Basic Concepts 1-1 Thermodynamics and Energy Application Areas of Thermodynamics 1-2 Importance of Dimensions and Units Some SI and English Units Dimensional Homogeneity Unity
More informationMAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI 621 213. Department: Mechanical Subject Code: ME2202 Semester: III Subject Name: ENGG. THERMODYNAMICS UNIT-I Basic Concept and First Law 1. What do you understand
More informationME 2202 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS TWO MARKS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW
ME 2202 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS TWO MARKS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS AND FIRST LAW 1. What is thermodynamics? It is a basic science that deals with energy and its transformations. The
More informationChapter 5 - Atmospheric Moisture
Chapter 5 - Atmospheric Moisture Understanding Weather and Climate Aguado and Burt Water Water Vapor - water in a gaseous form, not droplets. Water can also achieve solid and liquid phases on Earth Temperature
More informationMATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS
CLASS 9 MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS Matter: Anything That occupies space and has mass. Matter is made up of particles. Particles of matter are very small or tiny. Characteristics of particles of matter
More informationSimulation of Heat and Mass Transfer in the Corrugated Packing of the Counter Flow Cooling Tower
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 42 : 59-577 (2008) Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer in the Corrugated Packing of the Counter Flow Cooling Tower Montri Pirunkaset* and Santi Laksitanonta BSTRCT This paper
More informationPAPER 2 THEORY QUESTIONS
PAPER 2 THEORY QUESTIONS 1 Fig. 1.1 shows the arrangement of atoms in a solid block. Fig. 1.1 (a) End X of the block is heated. Energy is conducted to end Y, which becomes warm. (i) Explain how heat is
More informationWeather is the state or condition of the atmosphere at a given location for a brief time period.
Topic 8: WEATHER Workbook chapter 7 Weather is the state or condition of the atmosphere at a given location for a brief time period. Differences in how Earth s surfaces absorb and reradiate energy from
More informationWONDERING ABOUT WEATHER
NAME DATE PARTNERS WONDERING ABOUT WEATHER You are lying in the grass enjoying a few relaxing hours in the summer sun. You have your favorite cold drink and magazine close at hand. You close your eyes
More informationIntroduction to Weather Moisture in the Air Vapor Pressure and Dew Point
Introduction to Weather Moisture in the Air Vapor Pressure and Dew Point No study of weather would be complete without a discussion of precipitation. Here in Seattle it seems like it can rain for days
More informationS6. (a) State what is meant by an ideal gas...
IB PHYSICS Name: DEVIL PHYSICS Period: Date: BADDEST CLASS ON CAMPUS TSOKOS CHAPTER 3 TEST REVIEW S1. Thermal energy is transferred through the glass windows of a house mainly by A. conduction. B. radiation.
More informationAtmospheric Composition הרכב האטמוספירה
Atmospheric Composition הרכב האטמוספירה N 2 O 2 Trace Gases Water Vapor (H 2 O) Argon (Ar) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Neon (Ne) Helium (He) Methane (CH 4 ) Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) Ozone (O 3 ) Nitrogen and oxygen
More informationUnit 3 Review Guide: Atmosphere
Unit 3 Review Guide: Atmosphere Atmosphere: A thin layer of gases that forms a protective covering around the Earth. Photosynthesis: Process where plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Trace
More informationCHAPTER 1. MEASURES OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
1 CHAPTER 1. MEASURES OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION The objective of atmospheric chemistry is to understand the factors that control the concentrations of chemical species in the atmosphere. In this book
More informationUNIT 12: THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
UNIT 12: THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE After Unit 12 you should be able to: o Effectively use the charts Average Chemical Composition of Earth s Crust, Hydrosphere and Troposphere, Selected Properties of Earth
More informationHumidification requirements in economizer-type HVAC systems
Humidification requirements in economizer-type HVAC systems Viktor T. Toth January 2, 2012 Abstract We develop a formulation to compute the maximum humidification load for economizer-type HVAC systems.
More informationWelcome. Vaisala Industrial Measure Webinar Series - Humidity Theory, Terms & Definitions. Yumi Alanoly Vaisala Application Engineer
Welcome Vaisala Industrial Measure Webinar Series - Humidity Theory, Terms & Definitions Yumi Alanoly Vaisala Application Engineer Agenda 1. Why do we measure humidity? 2. Dalton s Law 3. Relative humidity
More information1. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a weather system that is affecting part of the United States.
1. Base your answer to the following question on the weather map below, which shows a weather system that is affecting part of the United States. Which sequence of events forms the clouds associated with
More informationWarm-Up Draw a picture of the water cycle
Warm-Up Draw a picture of the water cycle RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects
More informationCopyright 2015 Edmentum All rights reserved.
Copyright 2015 Edmentum All rights reserved. weather 1 1. Sharon woke up on a sunny morning and ate breakfast. Then she looked outside and saw tall, quickly forming clouds. The clouds looked ready to rain.
More information78% : component of atmosphere! 21% : 1% : Changes depending on origin of air: - originated over - originated over Ozone = O 3 Definition:
Unit 6 Part 1 Meteorology Name: Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere SWBAT: Describe the composition of the atmosphere. Diagram/describe the layers of the earth s atmosphere. Weather Climate Atmospheric
More information1/2/2016 WEATHER DEFINITION
WEATHER DEFINITION Weather state or condition of the variables of the atmosphere at a given time Weather variables temperature, air pressure, wind, moisture, cloud cover, precipitation, storms Weather
More information5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY
5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY SUB-TOPIC 1.2 METHODS OF PURIFICATION AND ANALYSIS LEARNING
More informationName Class Date. What is a change of state? What happens during a change of state? What can happen when a substance loses or gains energy?
CHAPTER 2 3 Changes of State SECTION States of Matter BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is a change of state? What happens during a change
More informationThe Choice of Supply Design Conditions
6 The Choice of Supply Design Conditions 6.1 Sensible heat removal If there is a continuous source of heat having an output of Q in a hermetically sealed room the temperature within the room, tr, will
More informationThree things necessary for weather are Heat, Air, Moisture (HAM) Weather takes place in the Troposphere (The lower part of the atmosphere).
Grade 5 SCIENCE WEATHER WATCH Name: STUDY NOTES Weather - The condition of the atmosphere with respect to heat/cold, wetness/dryness, clearness/ cloudiness for a period of time. Weather changes over time
More informationCOMBUSTION OF FUEL 12:57:42
COMBUSTION OF FUEL The burning of fuel in presence of air is known as combustion. It is a chemical reaction taking place between fuel and oxygen at temperature above ignition temperature. Heat is released
More informationThermal Effects. IGCSE Physics
Thermal Effects IGCSE Physics Starter What is the difference between heat and temperature? What unit is thermal energy measured in? And what does it depend on? In which direction does heat flow? Heat (Thermal
More informationTheory. Humidity h of an air-vapor mixture is defined as the mass ratio of water vapor and dry air,
Theory Background In a cooling tower with open water circulation, heat is removed from water because of the material and heat exchange between the water and the ambient air. The cooling tower is a special
More informationChapter 4. Atmospheric Moisture, Condensation, and Clouds. 9/13/2012
Chapter 4 Atmospheric Moisture, Condensation, and Clouds. The sun s electromagnetic spectrum and some of the descriptive names of each region. The numbers underneath the curve approximate the percent of
More information9/13/2012. Chapter 4. Atmospheric Moisture, Condensation, and Clouds.
Chapter 2-3 review Chapter 2-3 review Chapter 4 Atmospheric Moisture, Condensation, and Clouds. The sun s electromagnetic spectrum and some of the descriptive names of each region. The numbers underneath
More informationAE 205 Materials and Energy Balances Asst. Prof. Dr. Tippabust Eksangsri. Chapter 6 Energy Balances on Chemical Processes
AE 205 Materials and Energy Balances Asst. Prof. Dr. Tippabust Eksangsri Chapter 6 Energy Balances on Chemical Processes Thermodynamics system surroundings system boundary Forms of Energy 1. Energy Possessed
More informationlatent heat/humidity
1. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the graph below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The graph shows variations in air temperature and relative
More informationPHASE CHANGE. Freezing Sublimation
Melting Graphic Organizer Deposition PHASE CHANGE Freezing Sublimation Boiling Evaporation Condensation PHASE CHANGE Phase change happens as the temperature changes. All matter can move from one state
More informationWeather. Describing Weather
CHAPTER 13 Weather LESSON 1 Describing Weather What do you think? Read the two statements below and decide whether you agree or disagree with them. Place an A in the Before column if you agree with the
More informationSECOND ENGINEER REG. III/2 APPLIED HEAT
SECOND ENGINEER REG. III/2 APPLIED HEAT LIST OF TOPICS A B C D E F G H I J K Pressure, Temperature, Energy Heat Transfer Internal Energy, Thermodynamic systems. First Law of Thermodynamics Gas Laws, Displacement
More informationPowerPoint Presentation by: Associated Technical Authors. Publisher The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois
Althouse Turnquist Bracciano PowerPoint Presentation by: Associated Technical Authors Publisher The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois Chapter 1 History and Fundamentals of Refrigeration
More informationA. Weather - the conditions of the variables of the atmosphere for any short period of time
WEATHER & THE ATMOSPHERE A. Weather - the conditions of the variables of the atmosphere for any short period of time Meteorology - the study of weather and weather related variables - the variables: Topic
More informationTopic 19b. Thermal Properties of Matter
Topic 19b The infra-red image of a head shows the distribution of heat. Different colours indicate different temperatures. Which do you think are the warmest regions? Thermal Properties of Matter contents
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 17 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 17 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More information1. Thermal energy is transferred through the glass windows of a house mainly by. D. radiation and convection. (1)
1. Thermal energy is transferred through the glass windows of a house mainly by A. conduction. B. radiation. C. conduction and convection. D. radiation and convection. 2. The specific latent heat of vaporization
More informationAtmosphere, Weather & Climate Review for Unit Assessment (Can be taken on Study Island Due Mon., 11/26/12)
Name Class Period Atmosphere, Weather & Climate Review for Unit Assessment (Can be taken on Study Island Due Mon., 11/26/12) 1. When hot and cold air meet, the hot air rises to the top. Which process causes
More informationMultiple Choice (2 Points Each)
ATMO 336 -- Exam 1 Name Multiple Choice (2 Points Each) 1. The atmospheric greenhouse effect keeps the average surface temperature of the Earth about 60 F warmer than if there were no atmosphere. The two
More informationThe Atmosphere. 1 Global Environments: 2 Global Environments:
1 Global Environments: 2 Global Environments: Composition Vertical structure Heat transfer Atmospheric moisture Atmospheric circulation Weather and climate 3 Global Environments: The earth s atmosphere
More informationRelative Humidity and Dew Point Lab
Name: Relative Humidity and Dew Point Lab Weather is the present state of the atmosphere. Factors that determine the type of weather the world will have are: air pressure, wind, temperature and the air
More informationLecture Ch. 6. Condensed (Liquid) Water. Cloud in a Jar Demonstration. How does saturation occur? Saturation of Moist Air. Saturation of Moist Air
Lecture Ch. 6 Saturation of moist air Relationship between humidity and dewpoint Clausius-Clapeyron equation Dewpoint Temperature Depression Isobaric cooling Moist adiabatic ascent of air Equivalent temperature
More informationIntroduction to Weather: Moisture in the Air Vapor Pressure and Dew Point
IDS 102 Winter 2008 Introduction to Weather: Moisture in the Air Vapor Pressure and Dew Point During fall quarter we covered the topic of pressure and it has been a while since the, so let s review a couple
More information5) The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 C is called: Page Ref: 69
Homework #2 Due 9/19/14 1) If the maximum temperature for a particular day is 26 C and the minimum temperature is 14 C, what would the daily mean temperature be? (Page Ref: 66) 2) How is the annual mean
More informationPart III: Planes, Trains, and Automobiles: Making Heat Work for You
Contents at a Glance Introduction... 1 Part I: Covering the Basics in Thermodynamics... 7 Chapter 1: Thermodynamics in Everyday Life...9 Chapter 2: Laying the Foundation of Thermodynamics...15 Chapter
More informationLAB 3: Atmospheric Pressure & Moisture
Name School LAB 3: Atmospheric Pressure & Moisture Our atmosphere is a very dynamic area especially when we see what type of interactions it has with the surrounding environment. This lab will begin discussing
More information2.0 KEY EQUATIONS. Evaporator Net Refrigeration Effect. Compressor Work. Net Condenser Effect
2.0 KEY EQUATIONS Evaporator Net Refrigeration Effect Q net refrigeration effect [] = (H 1 H 4 ) lb (Refrig Flow Rate) (60) min lb min hr H 1 = leaving evaporator enthalpy lb ; H 4 = entering evaporator
More informationData Analysis and Mechanical System Performance. Denver Art Museum August 15-16, 2012
Data Analysis and Mechanical System Performance Denver Art Museum August 15-16, 2012 Data Analysis Reading graphs Overlay of indoor and outdoor dew point graphs What you can learn about your mechanical
More informationThe Atmosphere EVPP 110 Lecture Fall 2003 Dr. Largen
1 Physical Environment: EVPP 110 Lecture Fall 2003 Dr. Largen 2 Physical Environment: Atmosphere Composition Heat transfer Atmospheric moisture Atmospheric circulation Weather and climate 3 Physical Environment:
More informationMETEOROLOGY 110 Lab 4 Name. Meteorological Measurements
METEOROLOGY 110 Lab 4 Name I. Response speeds of thermometers Meteorological Measurements How do you know what the air temperature is? Most people would answer: I read a thermometer. But is the thermometer
More informationTemp 54 Dew Point 41 Relative Humidity 63%
Temp 54 Dew Point 41 Relative Humidity 63% Water in the Atmosphere Evaporation Water molecules change from the liquid to gas phase Molecules in liquids move slowly Heat energy makes them move faster When
More informationCondensation is the process by which water vapor changes from a gas to a liquid. Clouds form by this process.
CHAPTER 16 1 Water in the Air SECTION Understanding Weather BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is weather? How does water in the air affect
More informationWeather. Describing Weather
Weather Describing Weather What is weather? Weather is the atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, of a certain place at a certain time. Have you ever been caught in a rainstorm on what
More informationThe Atmosphere. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems
The Atmosphere 1 How big is the atmosphere? Why is it cold in Geneva? Why do mountaineers need oxygen on Everest? 2 A relatively thin layer of gas over the Earths surface Earth s radius ~ 6400km Atmospheric
More informationName: New Document 1. Class: Date: 83 minutes. Time: 82 marks. Marks: Comments:
New Document Name: Class: Date: Time: 83 minutes Marks: 82 marks Comments: Q. Solid, liquid and gas are three different states of matter. (a) Describe the difference between the solid and gas states, in
More informationCZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING APPLICABILITY OF CHILLED BEAM-SYSTEM IN THE MIDDLE EAST BACHELOR THESIS JACQUES MATTA 2 EE
More informationScience 1206 Chapter 1 - Inquiring about Weather
Science 1206 Chapter 1 - Inquiring about Weather 1.1 - The Atmosphere: Energy Transfer and Properties (pp. 10-25) Weather and the Atmosphere weather the physical conditions of the atmosphere at a specific
More informationCLASSIFIED 2 PRESSURE THERMAL PHYSICS MR. HUSSAM SAMIR
CLASSIFIED 2 PRESSURE THERMAL PHYSICS MR. HUSSAM SAMIR 1. The diagram shows a simple mercury barometer. If atmospheric pressure increases, what happens to level X and to level Y? 2. Four flower vases have
More information7. The weather instrument below can be used to determine relative humidity.
1. What is the dewpoint temperature when the dry-bulb temperature is 12 C and the wet-bulb temperature is 7 C? A) 1 C B) -2 C C) -5 C D) 4 C 2. A parcel of air has a dry-bulb temperature reading of 16
More informationUnit 2: The atmosphere
Unit 2: The atmosphere 1. Composition and structure 2. Atmospheric pressure and humidity 3. Weather and climate 4. Atmospheric phenomena 5. Importance of the atmosphere Think and answer? a. What elements
More informationTopic 3 &10 Review Thermodynamics
Name: Date: Topic 3 &10 Review Thermodynamics 1. The kelvin temperature of an object is a measure of A. the total energy of the molecules of the object. B. the total kinetic energy of the molecules of
More informationThe grade 5 English science unit, Weather, meets the academic content standards set in the Korean curriculum, which state students should:
Among the diverse meteorological elements, this area focuses on humidity, dew, fog, clouds, rain, snow, wind and atmospheric pressure. Weather influences not only our daily outdoor activities, but also
More informationThermal / Solar. When air is warmed it... Rises. Solar Energy. Evaporation. Condensation Forms Clouds
Thermal / Solar Light from the Sun is transformed into what type of energy when it hits Earth's surface? Rises When air is warmed it... Solar Energy Water moves through the water cycle using what type
More information