Topics Review Fuel Conversion Efficiency Fuel Air Ratio Volumetric Efficiency Road Load Power Relationships between performance parameters
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1 ME 410 Dy 5 Topics Reiew Fuel Conersion Eiciency Fuel Air Rtio Volumetric Eiciency Ro Lo Power Reltionships between perormnce prmeters Fuel Conersion Eiciency This is the rtio o power ctully prouce to the energy oun in the uel. P The symbol energy/mss. is the heting lue o the uel, units being Plese note tht t this phse we he two ierent engine eiciencies to iscuss. Mechnicl eiciency m (This ries epening on operting conition. Cn be high s 90%, or s low s 0% t ile.) Fuel conersion eiciency (enthlpy eiciency) (This is one o seerl thermoynmic eiciencies.) It is irly strong unction o the engine s compression rtio.
2 Fuel Air Rtio (An Air Fuel Rtio) F / A A /F Rtios inoling the mss low rte o ir n the mss low rte o uel. My s well mention this here.. For gien uel there is n iel or stoichiometric F/A or A/F or complete combustion o the uel with no excess ir. This is clle the stoichiometric uel ir or ir uel rtio. Symbols re s n ( A /F) s 1 SI Engines A /F CI Engines A /F 70 The iesels operte much lener.
3 Volumetric Eiciency This mesures the eiciency o the inuction o ir n or mixture into the cyliner. (Applicble to 4-stroke only) It is eine s the rtio o ctul ir olumetric low rte into the cyliner iie by the mximum theoreticl olumetric low rte. The mximum theoreticl olumetric low rte is the rte t which cyliner olume is isplce uring intke strokes. V! th VN The is there becuse there is n intke eery secon reolution. The ctul olumetric low rte is V! ir m! where, i stns or the inlet ir ensity. The rtio is the olumetric eiciency V! V! ir th V N I we ctully know m the mss o the ir inucte per cycle we cn write m V Nturlly spirte engines % CI is slightly higher thn SI
4 Ro Lo Power The ormul in the text is mostly pplicble to crs. The oerll concept is tht we cn estimte the power neee to rie ehicle by recognizing two resistnces Rolling resistnce. Force is proportionl to the ehicle weight. Froll CRW C R M g Here C R is coeicient o rolling resistnce. (Strongly tire relte. Vlues rom 0.01 to or crs) Aeroynmic resistnce. Force is proportionl to rontl re o ehicle, n to the ehicle spee squre. 1 F ir C D A S, A is the rontl re, the ir ensity, n S the ehicle spee. here C D is the rg coeicient, ( 0.3 CD 0.5) Thereore the power which is orce times spee looks like, r ( F roll F ir ) S P + Wht ollows is smple clcultion o ro lo power with EES. A cr with rg coeicient o 0.4 n rolling resistnce coeicient o 0.01 is trelling t 60 mph. Vehicle weight is 400 lb. Vehicle rontl re is 15 t. How much power is neee to prouce this riing conition?
5 "Vehicle Dt" C_R 0.01 C_D 0.4 A_ 15 W_ 400 "[t^]" "[lb]" "Atmospheric Dt" T159 "[F]" P11 "[tm]" rho_irdensity(air,tt1,pp1) *conert(lbm,slug)"[slug/t^3]" "Spee Dt" S_ 60*conert(mph,t/sec) "[t/sec]" "Power Clcultion" P_r ( C_R * W_ + 1/*rho_ir*C_D*A_*S_^)*S_"[t-lb/sec]" P_hp P_r*conert(t-lb/sec,hp) "[hp]" The result is hp. Wht o you think?
6 Reltionships between the Prmeters (Section.14) Strt with Power... P WcN n R But.. W m c An.. m m So substituting bck up the chin.. P m N n R Bringing bck preious eqution.. m so m V V P V N (n R is or 4-stroke.) Depening on how we interpret work/cycle n the uel conersion eiciency, this cn be either brke power or inicte power.
7 Diiing by π N gies torque. T We recll the mep ormul, V 4π mep Pn V N R P V N n combining with the ormul or P, mep Finlly, speciic power is power per piston re, A p. When we iie V by A p, L results. Now using P A p S p LN LN P A p 4 S p 1 mep S 4 p For high power, torque, mep, n speciic power we nee high uel conersion eiciency high olumetric eiciency high inlet ir ensity (hence superchrging n turbochrging) Mx possible F/A High men piston spee
8 Unortuntely, these ribles re not inepenent. For exmple, the uel conersion eiciency epens on the F/A rtio. Use with cution.
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