'Subtle is the Lord...'
|
|
|
- Dinah Glenn
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 'Subtle is the Lord...' The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein ABRAHAM PAIS Rockefeiler University OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford New York Toronto Melbourne
2 Contents (Entries in italics are almost entirely biographical) I INTRODUCTORY 1. Purpose and plan 5 2. Relativity theory and quantum theory 26 (a) Orderly transitions and revolutionary periods 26 (b) A time capsule Portrait of the physicist as a young man 35 An addendum on Einstein biographies 48 II STATISTICAL PHYSICS 4. Entropy and probability 55 (a) Einstein's contributions at a glance 55 (b) Maxwell and Boltzmann 60 (c) Preludes to (d) Einstein and Boltzmann's principle The reality of molecules 79 (a) About the nineteenth Century, briefly Chemistry. 2. Kinetic theory. 3. The end of indivisibility. 4. The end of invisibility (b) The pots of Pfeffer and the laws of van't Hoff 86 (c) The doctoral thesis 88 (d) Eleven days later: Brownian motion Another bit of nineteenth Century history. 2. The overdetermination of N. 3. Einstein's first paper on Brownian motion. 4. Diffusion as a Markov process. 5. The later papers (e) Einstein and Smoluchowski; critical opalescence 100
3 XU CONTENTS III RELATIVITY, THE SPECIAL THEORY 6. 'Subtle is the Lord...' 111 (a) The Michelson-Morley experiment 111 (b) The precursors What Einstein knew. 2. Voigt. 3. FitzGerald. 4. Lorentz. 5. Larmor. 6. Poincare. (c) Poincare in (d) Einstein before The Pavia essay. 2. The Aarau question. 3. The ETH Student. 4. The Winterthur letter. 5. The Bern lecture. 6. The Kyoto address. 7. Summary. 7. The new kinematics 138 (a) June 1905: special relativity defined, Lorentz transformations derived Relativity's aesthetic origins. 2. The new postulates. 3. From the postulates to the Lorentz transformations. 4. Applications. 5. Relativity theory and quantum theory. 6. 'I could have said that more simply.' (b) September 1905; about E - mc (c) Early responses 149 (d) Einstein and the special theory after (e) Electromagnetic mass: the first Century The edge of history A new way of thinking. 2. Einstein and the literature. 3. Lorentz and the aether. 4. Poincare and the third hypothesis. 5. Whittaker and the history of relativity. 6. Lorentz and Poincare. 7. Lorentz and Einstein. 8. Poincare and Einstein. 9. Coda: the Michelson-Morley experiment. IV RELATIVITY, THE GENERAL THEORY 9. 'The happiest thought of my life' Herr Professor Einstein 184 (a) From Bern to Zürich 184 (b) Three and a half years of silence The Prague papers 192 (a) From Zürich to Prague 192 (b) The bending of light is detectable 194 (c) Einstein in noman's land 201
4 CONTENTS Xlll 12. The Einstein-Grossmann collaboration 208 (a) Front Prague to Zürich 208 (b) From scalar to tensor 210 (c) The collaboration 216 (d) The stumbling block 221 (e) Theaftermath Field theories of gravitation: the first fifty years 228 (a) Einstein in Vienna 228 (b) The Einstein-Fokker paper The field equations of gravitation 239 (a) From Zürich to Berlin 239 (b) Interlude. Rotation by magnetization 245 (c) The final Steps The crisis. 2. November the fourth. 3. November the eleventh. 4. November the eighteenth. 5. November the twenty-fifth. (d) Einstein and Hubert The new dynamics 266 (a) From 1915 to (b) The three successes 271 (c) Energy and momentum conservation; the Bianchi identities 274 (d) Gravitational waves 278 (e) Cosmology. 281 (0 Singularities; the problem of motion 288 (g) What eise was new at GR9? 291 V THE LATER JOURNEY 16. 'ThesuddenlyfamousDoctorEinstein' 299 (a) Illness. Remarriage. Death of Mother 299 (b) Einstein canonized 303 (c) The birth oj the legend 306 (d) Einstein and Germany 312 (e) The later writings The man ofculture. 2. The man oj science. 17. Unified Field Theory 325 (a) Particles and fields around (b) Another decade of gestation 328
5 CONTENTS (c) The fifth dimension Kaluza and Oskar Klein. 2. Einstein and the Kaluza-Klein theory. 3. Addenda. 4. Two options. (d) Relativity and post-riemannian differential geometry 336 (e) The laterjourney: a scientific chronology 341 (f) A postcript to unification, a prelude to quantum theory 350 VI THE QUANTUM THEORY Preliminaries 357 (a) An outline of Einstein's contributions 357 (b) Particle physics: the first fifty years 359 (c) The quantum theory: lines of influence 361 The light quantum, 364 (a) From Kirchhoff to Plank 364 (b) Einstein on Planck: The Rayleigh-Einstein-Jeans law. 372 (c) The light-quantum hypothesis and the heuristic principle 376 (d) Einstein on Planck: (e) The photo-electric effect: the second Coming of h : Hertz : Hallwachs : J.J. Thomson : Lenard : Einstein : Millikan; the Duane-Hunt limit. (f) Reactions to the light-quantum hypothesis Einstein's caution. 2. Electromagnetism: free fields and interactions. 3. The impact of experiment. Einstein and specific heats 389 (a) Specific heats in the nineteenth Century 389 (b) Einstein 394 (c) Nernst: Solvay I 397 The photon 402 (a) The fusion of particles and waves and Einstein's destiny 402 (b) Spontaneous and induced radiative transitions 405 (c) The completion of the particle picture The light-quantum and the photon. 2. Momentum fluctuations: Momentum fluctuations: (d) Earliest Unbehagen about chance 410 (e) An aside: quantum conditions for non-separable classical motion 412 (0 The Compton effect 412
6 CONTENTS XV 22. Interlude: The BKS proposal A loss of identity: the birth of quantum statistics 423 (a) From Boltzmann to Dirac 423 (b) Böse 425 (c) Einstein 428 (d) Postscript on Bose-Einstein condensation Einstein as a transitional figure: the birth of wave mechanics 435 (a) From Einstein to de Broglie 435 (b) From de Broglie to Einstein 436 (c) From de Broglie and Einstein to Schroedinger Einstein's response to the new dynamics 440 (a) The debate begins 440 (b) Einstein in Princeton 449 (c) Einstein on objective reality Einstein's vision 460 (a) Einstein, Newton and success 460 (b) Relativity theory and quantum theory 462 (c) 'Überkausalität' 464 VII JOURNEY'S END 27. The final decade Epilogue 479 VIII APPENDICES 29. Of tensors and a hearing aid and many other things: Einstein's collaborators How Einstein got the Nobel prize 502
7 XVI CONTENTS 31. Einstein 's proposals for the Nobel prize An Einstein chronology 520 Name Index 531 Subject Index 539
Light Quantum Hypothesis
50 My God, He Plays Dice! Light Quantum Hypothesis Light Quantum Hypothesis 51 Light Quantum Hypothesis In his miracle year of 1905, Einstein wrote four extraordinary papers, one of which won him the 1921
The History and Philosophy of Astronomy
Astronomy 350L (Spring 2005) The History and Philosophy of Astronomy (Lecture 21: Einstein I) Instructor: Volker Bromm TA: Amanda Bauer The University of Texas at Austin Albert Einstein: Revolutionary
JF Theoretical Physics PY1T10 Special Relativity
JF Theoretical Physics PY1T10 Special Relativity 12 Lectures (plus problem classes) Prof. James Lunney Room: SMIAM 1.23, jlunney@tcd.ie Books Special Relativity French University Physics Young and Freedman
FI 3103 Quantum Physics
FI 3103 Quantum Physics Alexander A. Iskandar Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung General Information Lecture schedule 17 18 9136 51 5 91 Tutorial Teaching Assistant
Topic Page: Einstein, Albert ( )
Topic Page: Einstein, Albert (1879-1955) Definition: Einstein, Albert from Philip's Encyclopedia US physicist, b. Germany, who devised the famous theories of relativity. Einstein published many important
Relativity SPECIAL, GENERAL, AND COSMOLOGICAL SECOND EDITION. Wolfgang Rindler. Professor of Physics The University of Texas at Dallas
Relativity SPECIAL, GENERAL, AND COSMOLOGICAL SECOND EDITION Wolfgang Rindler Professor of Physics The University of Texas at Dallas OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Introduction l 1 From absolute space
Lecture VI ( Feb 7, 2018)
Lecture VI ( Feb 7, 2018) I. BEFORE 1920.. BEFORE EINSTEIN ARRIVES IN NEW YORK.. 1900 : Planck s theory: radiations from hot objects come in pockets of energy quanta and each quanta has energy E = hf.
APPLIED OPTICS. Lecture-1: EVOLUTION of our UNDERSTANDING of LIGHT. Is it a stream of particles?
A. La Rosa Lecture Notes APPLIED OPTICS Lecture-1: EVOLUTION of our UNDERSTANDING of LIGHT What is light? Is it a wave? Is it a stream of particles? A. Light as a particle NEWTON (164 177) was the most
Einstein s Physics. Atoms, Quanta, and Relativity Derived, explained, and appraised
Einstein s Physics Atoms, Quanta, and Relativity Derived, explained, and appraised Ta-Pei Cheng University of Missouri- St. Louis Portland State University To be published by Oxford University Press 2013
8.20 MIT Introduction to Special Relativity IAP 2005 Tentative Outline
8.20 MIT Introduction to Special Relativity IAP 2005 Tentative Outline 1 Main Headings I Introduction and relativity pre Einstein II Einstein s principle of relativity and a new concept of spacetime III
Riding on a Light Beam. Einstein s Special Theory of Relativity
Riding on a Light Beam Einstein s Special Theory of Relativity Last time Discovery of electromagnetism Light as an electromagnetic wave Frequency, wavelength, amplitude C = f * λ Spectral lines in light
Nanoelectronics 04. Atsufumi Hirohata Department of Electronics. Quick Review over the Last Lecture ' E = A. ' t gradφ ' ) / ' ) ε ρ
Nanoelectronics 04 Atsufumi Hirohata Department of Electronics 09:00 Tuesday, 23/January/2018 (P/T 005) Quick Review over the Last Lecture Maxwell equations with ( scalar ) potential ( f ) and ( vector
INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER
INTRODUCTION TO THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER A Course in Modern Physics John J. Brehm and William J. Mullin University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts Fachberelch 5?@8hnlsdie Hochschule Darmstadt! HochschulstraSa
The World of Physical Chemistry
The World of Physical Chemistry KEITH J. LAIDLER Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, The University of Ottawa Ontario, Canada Oxford New York Toronto OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 The origins of physical
Lecture 4 Introduction to Quantum Mechanical Way of Thinking.
Lecture 4 Introduction to Quantum Mechanical Way of Thinking. Today s Program 1. Brief history of quantum mechanics (QM). 2. Wavefunctions in QM (First postulate) 3. Schrodinger s Equation Questions you
Chapter One. The Old Quantum Theory. 1-1 Why Quantum Mechanics.
Chapter One The Old Quantum Theory 1-1 Why Quantum Mechanics. The birth of quantum mechanics can be dated to 1925, when physicists such as Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger invented mathematical
Announcements. A test of General Relativity. Gravitational Radiation. Other Consequences of GR
Announcements HW1: Ch.2-70, 75, 76, 87, 92, 97, 99, 104, 111 *** Lab start-up meeting with TA This Week *** Lab manual is posted on the course web *** Course Web Page *** http://highenergy.phys.ttu.edu/~slee/2402/
Announcements. Some Examples. Lecture 6 Chapter. 2 Special Relativity. Relativistic Dynamics. Problems. Problems
Announcements HW2: Ch.2-70, 75, 76, 87, 92, 97, 99, 104, 111 HW1 die: now, HW2 due: 2/9 (by class hour) How was your 1 st Lab? -- Any question? Lab manual is posted on the course web *** Course Web Page
General Relativity. PHYS-3301 Lecture 6. Chapter 2. Announcement. Sep. 14, Special Relativity
Announcement Course webpage http://www.phys.ttu.edu/~slee/3301/ Textbook PHYS-3301 Lecture 6 HW2 (due 9/21) Chapter 2 63, 65, 70, 75, 76, 87, 92, 97 Sep. 14, 2017 General Relativity Chapter 2 Special Relativity
Modern Physics, summer Modern physics. Historical introduction to quantum mechanics
1 Modern physics 2 Gustav Kirchhoff (1824-1887) Surprisingly, the path to quantum mechanics begins with the work of German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff in 1859. Electron was discovered by J.J.Thomson in
MITOCW watch?v=wr88_vzfcx4
MITOCW watch?v=wr88_vzfcx4 PROFESSOR: So we're building this story. We had the photoelectric effect. But at this moment, Einstein, in the same year that he was talking about general relativity, he came
Statistical Mechanics
42 My God, He Plays Dice! Statistical Mechanics Statistical Mechanics 43 Statistical Mechanics Statistical mechanics and thermodynamics are nineteenthcentury classical physics, but they contain the seeds
Einstein, the Aether and Special Relativity
Einstein, the Aether and Special Relativity Last time Challenges to the foundations of classical physics Radioactivity and X-rays Sub-atomic particles (electrons) and structure of the atom Quantum explanations
Today in Astronomy 102: relativity
Today in Astronomy 102: relativity Measurement of physical quantities, reference frames, and space-time diagrams. Relative and absolute physical quantities. Classical physics and Galileo s theory of relativity.
Physics 205 Modern Physics for Engineers
Physics 205 Modern Physics for Engineers Instructor Professor Duncan Carlsmith Department of Physics duncan@hep.wisc.edu 262-2485 4285 Chamberlin Physics 205 Course Information http:// www.physics.wisc.e
Lecture 14: Einstein & The Expanding Universe
Lecture 14: Einstein & The Expanding Universe As with all course material (including homework, exams), these lecture notes are not be reproduced, redistributed, or sold in any form. From Lecture 13: Hubble
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS. \Hp. Ni Jun TSINGHUA. Physics. From Quantum Field Theory. to Classical Mechanics. World Scientific. Vol.2. Report and Review in
LONDON BEIJING HONG TSINGHUA Report and Review in Physics Vol2 PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS From Quantum Field Theory to Classical Mechanics Ni Jun Tsinghua University, China NEW JERSEY \Hp SINGAPORE World Scientific
62 My God, He Plays Dice! Chapter 8. Specific Heat
62 My God, He Plays Dice! Specific Heat Specific Heat 63 Specific Heat A few months after the three famous papers of his miracle year, Einstein published in September 1905 a three-page paper showing that
Announcements. Fast => v~c c= the velocity of light
Announcements 2402 Lab will be started this week Lab manual is available on the course web page HW: Chapter.2 70, 75, 76, 87, 92, 97*, 99, 104, 111 1 st Quiz: 9/18 (Ch.2) Nonclassical Physics *** Course
Astronomy 102, Fall September 2009
Today in Astronomy 102: relativity Measurement of physical quantities, reference frames, and space-time diagrams. Relative and absolute physical quantities. Classical physics and Galileo s theory of relativity.
The Death of Classical Physics. The Rise of the Photon
The Death of Classical Physics The Rise of the Photon A fundamental question: What is Light? James Clerk Maxwell 1831-1879 Electromagnetic Wave Max Planck 1858-1947 Photon Maxwell's Equations (1865) Maxwell's
Astronomy 102 Lecture 04
Today in Astronomy 102: relativity q Measurement of physical quantities, reference frames, and space-time diagrams. q Relative and absolute physical quantities. q Classical physics and Galileo s theory
Do you know the man that dropped out of school and still was one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century? That is Albert Einstein.
Do you know the man that dropped out of school and still was one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century? That is Albert Einstein. Albert was a man that thought for himself and changed the world
MODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont
MODERN PHYSICS Frank J. Blatt Professor of Physics, University of Vermont McGRAW-HILL, INC. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan Montreal New Delhi
We also find the development of famous Schrodinger equation to describe the quantization of energy levels of atoms.
Lecture 4 TITLE: Quantization of radiation and matter: Wave-Particle duality Objectives In this lecture, we will discuss the development of quantization of matter and light. We will understand the need
CHE3935. Lecture 2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
CHE3935 Lecture 2 Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 1 The History Quantum mechanics is strange to us because it deals with phenomena that are, for the most part, unobservable at the macroscopic level i.e.,
RELATIVITY. The End of Physics? A. Special Relativity. 3. Einstein. 2. Michelson-Morley Experiment 5
1 The End of Physics? RELATIVITY Updated 01Aug30 Dr. Bill Pezzaglia The following statement made by a Nobel prize winning physicist: The most important fundamental laws and facts of physical science have
Wave Motion and Electromagnetic Radiation. Introduction Jan. 18, Jie Zhang
Wave Motion and Electromagnetic Radiation Introduction Jan. 18, 2010 Jie Zhang PHYS 306 Spring, 2010 Introduction This class is about the physics of LIGHT. Textbook: Optics by Ghatak (2010) Content What
Physics 12 / Advanced Physics 12
Physics 12 / Advanced Physics 12 General Curriculum Outcomes STSE 1. Students will develop an understanding of the nature of science and technology, of the relationships between science and technology,
A. B. Lahanas University of Athens, Physics Department, Nuclear and Particle Physics Section, Athens , Greece
SPECIAL RELATIVITY A. B. Lahanas University of Athens, Physics Department, Nuclear and Particle Physics Section, Athens 157 71, Greece Abstract We give an introduction to Einstein s Special Theory of Relativity.
Special Theory of Relativity. A Brief introduction
Special Theory of Relativity A Brief introduction Classical Physics At the end of the 19th century it looked as if Physics was pretty well wrapped up. Newtonian mechanics and the law of Gravitation had
PowerPoint lecture notes for Thornton/Rex s Modern Physics, 4e
PowerPoint lecture notes for Thornton/Rex s Modern Physics, 4e Prepared by: Anthony Pitucco, Ph.D. Pima Community College Dept of Physics, Chair Tucson, Arizona CHAPTER 1 The Birth of Modern Physics 1.1
PHY138Y Nuclear and Radiation
PHY138Y Nuclear and Radiation Professor Tony Key MP401 key@physics.utoronto.ca You can hear Tom Lehrer s Elements at http://www.privatehand.com/flash/elements.html Van Kranendonk Prize for an Outstanding
James Clerk Maxwell, the man who changed the world forever II
International Year of Light Blog James Clerk Maxwell, the man who changed the world forever II JUNE 15, 2015JUNE 11, 2015 LIGHT2015 LEAVE A COMMENT A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field Maxwell
Fundamentals. Statistical. and. thermal physics. McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY. F. REIF Professor of Physics Universüy of California, Berkeley
Fundamentals of and Statistical thermal physics F. REIF Professor of Physics Universüy of California, Berkeley McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY Auckland Bogota Guatemala Hamburg Lisbon London Madrid Mexico New
The Correct Interpretation of the Kaluza-Klein Theory
Copyright 2014 by Sylwester Kornowski All rights reserved The Correct Interpretation of the Kaluza-Klein Theory Sylwester Kornowski Abstract: Here, within the Scale-Symmetric Everlasting Theory (S-SET),
Elementary Lectures in Statistical Mechanics
George DJ. Phillies Elementary Lectures in Statistical Mechanics With 51 Illustrations Springer Contents Preface References v vii I Fundamentals: Separable Classical Systems 1 Lecture 1. Introduction 3
Chapter 11: Quantum Theory
1 Chapter 11: Quantum Theory 11.1 Deviations of the real world from the classical approximation 11.1.1 Electromagnetic equilibrium energy distribution Radiation Intensity M (energy/time/area) ~ T 4 ; and
Part I. Quantum Mechanics. 2. Is light a Wave or Particle. 3a. Electromagnetic Theory 1831 Michael Faraday proposes Electric and Magnetic Fields
Quantized Radiation (Particle Theory of Light) Dr. Bill Pezzaglia Part I 1 Quantum Mechanics A. Classical vs Quantum Theory B. Black Body Radiation C. Photoelectric Effect 2 Updated: 2010Apr19 D. Atomic
In defence of classical physics
In defence of classical physics Abstract Classical physics seeks to find the laws of nature. I am of the opinion that classical Newtonian physics is real physics. This is in the sense that it relates to
Lecture 2. Einstein Asserts Relativity. July 31, Ruled out the possibility that Earth is at rest relative to the ether
Lecture 2 Einstein Asserts Relativity July 31, 2017 Where We Are Now... Ruled out the possibility that Earth is at rest relative to the ether Earth alone at rest? Violates Copernicus! Ether Drag? Ruled
Atoms and Atomic Structure
Atoms and Atomic Structure 101 Week 13 2 A remarkable fact, which is important to science and technology: Nature is simple. 101 Week 13 3 What is matter? Physics is a reductionist science. Beneath the
214 FIRST PROPOSAL OF THE UNIVERSAL SPEED OF VOL See Deutsches Museum München, Archives, HS 5520
214 FIRST PROPOSAL OF THE UNIVERSAL SPEED OF VOL. 39 spring 1888, Lorentz sent some of his work on Michelson s experiment to Voigt. In March 1888, Lorentz sent another letter to Voigt. He read some of
ACTIVITY 5. Figure 5-1: Simulated electron interference pattern with your prediction for the next electron s position.
Name: WAVES of matter Class: Visual Quantum Mechanics ACTIVITY 5 Interpr preting Wave Functions Goal We will return to the two- slit experiment for electrons. Using this experiment we will see how matter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction The book Introduction to Modern Physics: Theoretical Foundations starts with the following two paragraphs [Walecka (2008)]: At the end of the 19th century, one could take pride in
A trip to Quantum Physics
A trip to Quantum Physics - Schrödinger s cats, Einstein s nightmares and quantum technology - Diego Porras School of Mathematical & Physical Sciences A bit of history Quantum weirdness Complexity in quantum
Lecture 8. September 21, General plan for construction of Standard Model theory. Choice of gauge symmetries for the Standard Model
Lecture 8 September 21, 2017 Today General plan for construction of Standard Model theory Properties of SU(n) transformations (review) Choice of gauge symmetries for the Standard Model Use of Lagrangian
CHAPTER 1 The Birth of Modern Physics
CHAPTER 1 The Birth of Modern Physics 1.1 Classical Physics of the 1890s 1.2 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 1.3 Waves and Particles 1.4 Conservation Laws and Fundamental Forces 1.5 The Atomic Theory of Matter
Before we work on deriving the Lorentz transformations, let's first look at the classical Galilean transformation.
Background The curious "failure" of the Michelson-Morley experiment in 1887 to determine the motion of the earth through the aether prompted a lot of physicists to try and figure out why. The first attempt
Modern physics. Historical introduction to quantum mechanics
2012-0-08 Modern physics dr hab. inż. Katarzyna ZAKRZEWSKA, prof. AGH KATEDRA ELEKTRONIKI, C-1, office 17, rd floor, phone 617 29 01, mobile phone 0 601 51 5 e-mail: zak@agh.edu.pl, Internet site http://home.agh.edu.pl/~zak
Light and Matter. Slide 1 / 62. Slide 2 / 62. Slide 3 / 62. Light and Sound. New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning
New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Slide 1 / 62 Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and
4. Energy, Power, and Photons
4. Energy, Power, and Photons Energy in a light wave Why we can often neglect the magnetic field Poynting vector and irradiance The quantum nature of light Photon energy and photon momentum An electromagnetic
General Physics (PHY 2140)
General Physics (PHY 2140) Lecture 27 Modern Physics Quantum Physics Blackbody radiation Plank s hypothesis http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~apetrov/phy2140/ Chapter 27 1 Quantum Physics 2 Introduction: Need
4/14/2015. Models of the Atom. Quantum Physics versus Classical Physics The Thirty-Year War ( ) Classical Model of Atom
Quantum Physics versus Classical Physics The Thirty-Year War (1900-1930) Models of the Atom Interactions between Matter and Radiation Models of the Atom Bohr s Model of the Atom Planck s Blackbody Radiation
3. Particle-like properties of E&M radiation
3. Particle-like properties of E&M radiation 3.1. Maxwell s equations... Maxwell (1831 1879) studied the following equations a : Gauss s Law of Electricity: E ρ = ε 0 Gauss s Law of Magnetism: B = 0 Faraday
THE ATOM. Announcements: First midterm is 7:30pm on Sept. 26. Plan for next few lectures:
THE ATOM Announcements: First midterm is 7:30pm on Sept. 26 Today overview of the atom; a survey of 3.1-3.6 and 3.10-3.12. You are responsible for the ideas and vocabulary but not all of the math in the
Lab Monday optional: review for Quiz 3. Lab Tuesday optional: review for Quiz 3.
Announcements SEIs! Quiz 3 Friday. Lab Monday optional: review for Quiz 3. Lab Tuesday optional: review for Quiz 3. Lecture today, Wednesday, next Monday. Final Labs Monday & Tuesday next week. Quiz 3
Statistical Mechanics
Franz Schwabl Statistical Mechanics Translated by William Brewer Second Edition With 202 Figures, 26 Tables, and 195 Problems 4u Springer Table of Contents 1. Basic Principles 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2
General relativity and the Einstein equations
April 23, 2013 Special relativity 1905 Let S and S be two observers moving with velocity v relative to each other along the x-axis and let (t, x) and (t, x ) be the coordinate systems used by these observers.
Einstein Toolkit Workshop. Joshua Faber Apr
Einstein Toolkit Workshop Joshua Faber Apr 05 2012 Outline Space, time, and special relativity The metric tensor and geometry Curvature Geodesics Einstein s equations The Stress-energy tensor 3+1 formalisms
Chemistry 1B-01, Fall 2016 Sessions 1-2. Chemistry 1B. Fall lectures topics 1-2. [ch 12 pp ] 7th
![Chemistry 1B-01, Fall 2016 Sessions 1-2. Chemistry 1B. Fall lectures topics 1-2. [ch 12 pp ] 7th](/thumbs/77/75342933.jpg "Chemistry 1B-01, Fall 2016 Sessions 1-2. Chemistry 1B. Fall lectures topics 1-2. [ch 12 pp ] 7th")
Chemistry 1B Fall 2016 lectures topics 1-2 [ch 12 pp 522-537] 7th 1 goals of lectures 1-2 The laws of nature in 1900 (successful for describing large objects) describe particles AND describe waves Experiments
Introduction. You know, it would be sufficient to really understand. If I can t picture it, I can t understand it.
CHAPTER 1 Introduction You know, it would be sufficient to really understand the electron. Albert Einstein [2] If I can t picture it, I can t understand it. Albert Einstein [41] I think it is quite likely,
Quantum Physics and Atomic Models Chapter Questions. 1. How was it determined that cathode rays possessed a negative charge?
Quantum Physics and Atomic Models Chapter Questions 1. How was it determined that cathode rays possessed a negative charge? 2. J. J. Thomson found that cathode rays were really particles, which were subsequently
Heinrich Hertz, a German physicist, achieved the first experimental demonstration of EM waves in 1887.
9.4.2-1(i) Hertz s first radio wave transmission demonstration Maxwell In 1865 James Clerk Maxwell predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. He said that an accelerating charge would produce a
Relativity. Physics April 2002 Lecture 8. Einstein at 112 Mercer St. 11 Apr 02 Physics 102 Lecture 8 1
Relativity Physics 102 11 April 2002 Lecture 8 Einstein at 112 Mercer St. 11 Apr 02 Physics 102 Lecture 8 1 Physics around 1900 Newtonian Mechanics Kinetic theory and thermodynamics Maxwell s equations
Learning Objectives and Worksheet I. Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016
Learning Objectives and Worksheet I Chemistry 1B-AL Fall 2016 Lectures (1 2) Nature of Light and Matter, Quantization of Energy, and the Wave Particle Duality Read: Chapter 12, Pages: 524 526 Supplementary
CHAPTER 3 Prelude to Quantum Theory. Observation of X Rays. Thomson s Cathode-Ray Experiment. Röntgen s X-Ray Tube
CHAPTER Prelude to Quantum Theory.1 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron. Determination of Electron Charge. Line Spectra.4 Quantization.5 Blackbody Radiation.6 Photoelectric Effect.7 X-Ray Production.8
Marcelo Alonso. Edward J. Finn. Georgetown University. Prentice Hall
PHYSICS Marcelo Alonso Florida Institute of Technology Edward J. Finn Georgetown University PEARSON Prentice Hall Harlow, England " London " New York " Boston " San Francisco -Toronto Sydney " Tokyo "
Syllabus: Physics 241 Introduction to Modern Physics Professor Marshall Onellion (office)
1 Syllabus: Physics 241 Introduction to Modern Physics Professor Marshall Onellion (office) 263-6829 Office hours: onellion@wisc.edu MW: 10am- 1pm, F: 10am- noon, or by appointment Text: Kenneth Krane,
arxiv: v1 [physics.hist-ph] 16 Sep 2013
![arxiv: v1 [physics.hist-ph] 16 Sep 2013](/thumbs/75/71501233.jpg "arxiv: v1 [physics.hist-ph] 16 Sep 2013")
Oskar Klein and the fifth dimension 1 Finn Ravndal Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway. arxiv:1309.4113v1 [physics.hist-ph] 16 Sep 2013 Abstract After a short biographical summary
Quantum Mechanics: Blackbody Radiation
Blackbody Radiation Quantum Mechanics Origin of Quantum Mechanics Raleigh-Jeans law (derivation)-ultraviolet catastrophe, Wien s Distribution Law & Wein s Displacement law, Planck s radiation law (calculation
Question from last week
Announcements l Help room hours (1248 BPS) Ian La Valley(TA) Mon 4-6 PM Tues 12-3 PM Wed 6-9 PM Fri 10 AM-noon l LON-CAPA #8 due Nov. 1 l 2 nd hour exam on Tuesday Nov. 6 part of Thursday s lecture will
Case Study 7. Relativity - Special and General. How we teach relativity. What actually happened
Case Study 7 Relativity - Special and General How we teach relativity What actually happened A brief overview of Einstein s route to General Relativity The Usual Story Bradley s observations of stellar
DARK HEAT. By Kadir Aydoğdu student from MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
DARK HEAT By Kadir Aydoğdu student from MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS e-mail: kadir.aydogdu@metu.edu.tr or elkadir@hotmail.com New Heat Theory Remodeling of Black Body Radiation
Introduction to Quantum Theory
Introduction to Quantum Theory Dr. Russell Herman Physics and Physical Oceanography PHY 444 - Quantum Theory - Fall 2018 1 Syllabus Website: http://people.uncw.edu/hermanr/qm/ Grades Homework 30% Papers
Proposed Explanations for: (i) the Wave-Particle-Duality of Light and Matter and (ii) Double-Slit-Interference of Single Photons
Proposed Explanations for: (i) the Wave-Particle-Duality of Light and Matter and (ii) Double-Slit-Interference of Single Photons Hasmukh K. Tank Indian Space Research Organization 22/693 Krishna Dham-2,
Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers International Edition, 4th Edition
Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers International Edition, 4th Edition http://optics.hanyang.ac.kr/~shsong Review: 1. THE BIRTH OF MODERN PHYSICS 2. SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY 3. THE EXPERIMENTAL
Lecture 6 - Atomic Structure. Chem 103, Section F0F Unit II - Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Lecture 6. Lecture 6 - Introduction
Chem 103, Section F0F Unit II - Quantum Theory and Atomic Structure Lecture 6 Light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation Light interacting with matter The properties of light and matter Lecture
Special Relativity Matters: Acceleration Frontier
1 Special Relativity Matters: Acceleration Frontier Special Relativity Introduction Lorentz-FitzGerald Body Contraction The Aether aka: Quantum Structured Vacuum Does Acceleration Exist and if so, how
Notes for Part 1. 1 Interview with J. Korringa by M. Dresden, July 6, Planck's Nobel Lecture, Stockholm, June 2, 1920.
Notes for Part 1 1 Interview with J. Korringa by M. Dresden, July 6, 1976. 2 J. R. Oppenheimer, "Reflections on the Resonances of Physics History," lecture given at the dedication of the Niels Bohr Library.
NPTEL
NPTEL Syllabus Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics - Video course COURSE OUTLINE Thermal fluctuations, Langevin dynamics, Brownian motion and diffusion, Fokker-Planck equations, linear response theory,
WAVE PARTICLE DUALITY
WAVE PARTICLE DUALITY Evidence for wave-particle duality Photoelectric effect Compton effect Electron diffraction Interference of matter-waves Consequence: Heisenberg uncertainty principle PHOTOELECTRIC
Pathways from Classical to Quantum Physics
Pathways from Classical to Quantum Physics Jürgen Renn Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin Seven Pines Symposium 2013 Outline Revolution or Transformation? The fate of the knowledge
Quantum Mechanics: Blackbody Radiation, Photoelectric Effect, Wave-Particle Duality
Physics 102: Lecture 22 Quantum Mechanics: Blackbody Radiation, Photoelectric Effect, Wave-Particle Duality Physics 102: Lecture 22, Slide 1 opposite! Physics 102: Lecture 22, Slide 2 Recap. Interference:
Chapter. 3 Wave & Particles I
Announcement Course webpage http://highenergy.phys.ttu.edu/~slee/2402/ Textbook PHYS-2402 Lecture 3 Sep. 15, 2015 Quiz.1 Thursday [Ch.2] Lecture Notes, HW Assignments, Physics Colloquium, etc.. Chapter.
STOCHASTIC PROCESSES IN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
STOCHASTIC PROCESSES IN PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY Third edition N.G. VAN KAMPEN Institute for Theoretical Physics of the University at Utrecht ELSEVIER Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg London New York Oxford Paris
Special Relativity Matters: Magnetic moment dynamics
Special Relativity Matters: Magnetic moment dynamics Introduction Teaching Special Relativity Body Contraction Forces and acceleration Mach's principle Aether=Quantum Structured Vacuum Acceleration Frontier
General Physics I. Lecture 16: The Principles of the Theory of Relativity. Prof. WAN, Xin 万歆.
General Physics I Lecture 16: The Principles of the Theory of Relativity Prof. WAN, Xin 万歆 xinwan@zju.edu.cn http://zimp.zju.edu.cn/~xinwan/ The Train of Reasoning You have been in Afghanistan, I perceive.
Planck s Hypothesis. How could we prove this theory? mardi 2 octobre 12
Planck s Hypothesis Planck s quantum hypothesis : maybe when a body emits or absorbs light of frequency f, it can t emit any old amount of energy it likes, because there is some special energy : it emits
Elementary particles and typical scales in high energy physics
Elementary particles and typical scales in high energy physics George Jorjadze Free University of Tbilisi Zielona Gora - 23.01.2017 GJ Elementary particles and typical scales in HEP Lecture 1 1/18 Contents