Environment Friendly Control of Gray Mold, a Ginseng Storage Disease Using Essential Oils

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1 Res. Plant Dis. 15(3) : (2009) Research in Plant Disease The Korean Society of Plant Pathology w y ey ½ Á½û³ 1 Á w 2 Á½ 3 Á½xy 3 Á 2 Á½y» 2 *, 1 ( ), 2 û w w, 3 û» x Environment Friendly Control of Gray Mold, a Ginseng Storage Disease Using Essential Oils Jung Bae Kim, Nam Kyu Kim 1, Jin Ha Lim 2, Sun Ick Kim 3, Hyun Ho Kim 3, Jeong Young Song 2 and Hong Gi Kim 2 * National Plant Quarantine Service, Incheon , Korea 1 Kyung Nong Co., Ltd., Gyungju , Korea 2 Dept. of Agricultural Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon , Korea 3 Geumsan Ginseng & Medicinal Crop Experiment Station, Geumsan , Korea (Received on August 20, 2009; Accepted on November 10, 2009) The objective of this study was to find an environment friendly method of ginseng storage disease control using a natural plant extract. Essential oil was evaluated in terms of its antifungal ability against a variety of ginseng storage pathogens, and a variety of essential oils was conducted in order to assess the possibility of applying them as a component of a disease control strategy. Direct treatment with essential oil was demonstrated to exert a ginseng storage control effect. Methyl eugenol and thymol were shown to exert a mycelial growth inhibition effect of 80% on PDA media, using a paper disc containing 200 ppm of essential oil against Botrytis cinerea. The application of direct methyl eugenol treatment to ginseng resulted in a profound control effect. Both spray and dipping treatment of each methyl eugenol as well as thymol, evidenced a disease develoment of 10-20% as compared with the over 80% observed from all non-treated packages. Methyl eugenol in the large packages resulted in a disease index of 0.60 in the two essential oil treatments and also a small diseased area, as compared with the disease index of 1.65 and the wide diseased area observed in the non-treatment groups. Treatment with a mixture (methyl eugenol + thymol) in the synergistic effect test resulted in a relatively wide diseased area, as no discernable synergistic effect was detected. Methyl eugenol and thymol can be utilized as control agents in an environmentally friendly ginseng storage treatment, owing to the avirulent and clear effects detected in this study. In particular, ginseng must be ingested when fresh, and this is why a product for the control of ginseng storage diseases is so necessary. Keywords : Botrytis cinerea, Essential oil, Ginseng, Methyl eugenol, Storage disease, y, m q š ù ü ƒ ü m» w, ù t w ƒ j û š. wš ƒw. ù ƒ *Corresponding author Phone) , Fax) ) hgkim@cnu.ac.kr w 10~30% ƒ s» š, p x w p m ƒ q 3~5 q (Botrytis cinerea) w q ƒ ƒ w w w. y ƒ š wš, û m ty š. w, m ƒ w qw ƒ p w mwš w m

2 ƒ w q w q» qw ƒ w. q ³ e w» wš ƒ w» l» l j z ù q l q ³ w qw (½, 2005). Botrytis cinerea û w w w šù ƒ ƒ vw ƒ w 90% B. cinerea w x (½, 2005). ü w y z w š w w š. ù w p š w, x j B. cinerea m w» w yw w, ww ù, y ey w w. w ƒ ü š. tvù y s p œ» œ» { zƒ mw yw (Evans, 1998;, 1998) (essential oil) š l q» w w, w w» ù ww ³ ù. w, yw ³ ü j ƒ w š t ù w z ³» w (Kim, 1995, Nostro, 2004, Ultee, 2002). ù w³y l t ey yw w ey w» ƒ š (Antonov, 1997, Daferera, 2003, Ranasinghe, 2002, Wilson, 1997). p ü ƒ s w ƒ ù, ½(2005)» q w, Ji (2005) m m ³ w» w w. w y ey 237 p yw w x š w w B. cinerea z y. w wƒ m y ey wš w. ³. w ƒ w j vw q ùkù 1cm 1cm 1% NaOCl t w z wš PDA s w. ƒ xk p w q ³ 1 wš, (2008) w p primer BTF1/BTR1 w Botrytis cinerea y w. x w carvacrol, methyl eugenol thymol SIGMA-ALDRICH t(sigma Aldrich Co., USA) w w p š w :Tween 20:EtOH ƒƒ 1:3:6(v:v:v) yww w. œ. û ew l x w w. w³y. PDA Botrytis cinerea ³ 5 mm cork borer ü PDA w z 25 o C w» w wš, w y y w carvacrol, methyl eugenol, thymol paper disk ƒƒ 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 500 ppm 100 µl w 3cm š ³ e w. w» 4 w j» ³ w. x % Botrytis cinerea w x» (½, 2005) ƒ j ƒ š B. cinerea x ww. in vitro mw w ³z ƒ x methyl eugenol thymol m, q B. cinerea w z w» w x ww. y ƒ q s ³ w j» p s s s (100 g)

3 238 ½ Á½û³Á wá½ Á½xyÁ Á½y» s (300 g) z w š, y z w. p s» ö š š s ü w. w s 2kg m w z w ƒ x 3 ww. ³ z ƒ 200 ppm w š, ƒƒ e (3 ) z wš (4 o C) ƒƒ w. 2, 2 4 w y w. Methyl eugenol thymol ³ z ƒ w ³ z j, { w z thymol methyl eugenol j (½, 2005). w³y š sƒ methyl eugenol thymol yww z w» w, 200 ppm yw (methyl eugenol 100 ppm+thymol 100 ppm) w z w. wr, ƒ 3» w, ƒƒ cm j» š w z w. ƒ z,» w d w ƒ s w. w³y. e mw w³y carvacrol z ƒ û ù methyl eugenol thymol w w w³y y w. y, 100 ppm û ³, 200 ppm, 500 ppm carvacrol w thymol methyl eugenol 80% ³ ùkþ (Fig. 1). Carvacrol š w z ƒ w w ùkù z x j» w. 100 g s w s x 2 w z y w ƒ 80~100% 200 ppm methyl eugenol s³ 15%, thymol 20%ƒ., ƒ 60%ƒ š methyl eugenol thymol w, (KI+PJKDKVKQPQH$QVT[VKUEKPGTGCITQYPQP2&#WUKPICRCRGT FKUEEQPVCKPKPIGCEJGUUGPVKCNQKN (KI %QORCTKUQP QH EQPVTQN GHHGEV CICKPUV $QVT[VKU EKPGTGC DGVYGGP OGVJ[N GWIGPQN CPF VJ[OQN QP HQWT [GCTQNF IKPUGPI TQQVU KP OGFKWO UK\G RCEMCIG UVQTGF CV TQQO VGORGTCVWTG CHVGT VYQYGGMUQHVTGCVOGPV ƒ {, { (data not shown). 300 g w xw s, 2 ƒ 100% ƒ¾ w methyl eugenol 10% ü, thymol 30%. ù ƒ ƒ e z ƒ (Fig. 2). Á s ù z methyl eugenol z w ƒ» w s x ww. w ƒ» x w. 2kg s s x ƒ 75%

4 w y ey 239 6CDNG&KUGCUGKPFGZQHIKPUGPITQQVUVTGCVGFD[URTC[QHOGVJ[NGWIGPQNRROCHVGTVYQYGGMUUVQTGFCVTQQOVGORGTCVWTG 4QQVPWODGT #XG %QPVTQN /GVJ[NGWIGPQN -: no symptom, 1: diseased area under 20%, 2: 20-50%, 3: over 50%. (KI5[PGTIKUVKEEQPVTQNGHHGEVVGUVQHOGVJ[NGWIGPQNRROVJ[OQNRROCPFCOKZVWTGYKVJOGVJ[NGWIGPQNRROCPF VJ[OQNRROCHVGTVYQYGGMUQHURTC[VTGCVOGPVUVQTGFCVTQQOVGORGTCVWTG 1.65, methyl eugenol ûš p ƒ 0.60 ùkù ù z (Table 1). Methyl eugenol thymol z. x e w z j», z x w.,» m ( ), k x ww š, methyl eugenol thymol 20%~25% ù methyl eugenol ƒ x (Fig. 3). wr yw (methyl eugenol+thymol) methyl eugenol ù thymol w yw w j z y w. š w p yw w x š w yw w z w ƒ p q wš w. š (4 o C) w z wš ù ƒ mx» wš št yw wƒ m y

5 240 ½ Á½û³Á wá½ Á½xyÁ Á½y» ey wš w. š l q» w w» û. l Ÿ w w³y z ƒ y w (Alzoreky and Nakahara, 2002; Isman, 2000; Kim, 1995; Packiyasothy and Kyle, 2002; Ranasinghe, 2002) w³y x mw 60% ³ wš, 30% ³ w š x (Chaurasia and Vyas, 1977). p ƒ š w yw ƒ w y w v w. ƒ j vw Botrytis cinerea methyl eugenol w w y w 500 ppm 84% (Fig. 1) ³ ù w³ ƒ š (Kim, 1995; Packiyasothy and Kyle, 2002). Methyl eugenol w { w z ù e ù {w» { w w w w w š q. w ƒ t w e w w z wš x p q w s w in vitro x ù z ùkü methyl eugenol thymol w x w j z methyl eugenol z ƒ w. s 2 ƒ 100% ƒ¾ methyl eugenol 10% ü ùkü š, thymol 20% š(fig. 2) s 2 s ƒ û (Table 1) z t ƒ wù» j» w w w. Methyl eugenol 3ƒ ƒ B. cinerea ³ ³ œœ j x s g (½, 2005). w s x Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Park, 2009) w B. cinerea ³ s ù s». methyl eugenol thymol s j»,,» 2 w ƒ ¾ ƒ w.» šƒ t q m w. z x z ƒ w yww yw (methyl eugenol+thymol) z y w. methyl eugenol thymol y w 1 «0.26 mg/kg(strafberg, 1988) wwš» w y ey w y. p w k w p š w y ƒe j š. w y ey Botrytis cinerea w w» w w. methyl eugenol 200 ppm 80% ³ z ùkþ. 80% methyl eugenol ù thymol e 10~20% w û w z. (4 o C) w s j» w û ùkù z ƒ û. 2 kg w s x ƒ 1.65 methyl eugenol 0.60 ùkû. ù (methyl eugenol+thymol) yw w z y w. Methyl eugenol š z ƒ w w y ey y ƒ w p w k ƒ ƒ w w p y ƒe j q. x z» t»»zsƒ (IPET) w w.

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