Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

Transcription

1 Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

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3 Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL Laser Options: ~1 Hz PW, 150J/150 fs ~1 Hz PW, 30 J/30 fs ~few kj, ~ns (shock driver) Stand-alone Target Chamber(s) Seite 3

4 Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation Exciting new science opportunities will be enabled by combining European XFEL with ultra-intense and high-power lasers Unique science with XFEL + Laser - strong field QED, e.g., vacuum birefringence Laser Pump + XFEL Probe - highest quality x-ray probing (imaging, spectroscopy, FR, ) of: WDM, HEDP, high pressures, shocks, laser-plasma, damage processes, dynamics in materials, chemistry, biology - making use of laser-generated ions, x-rays, bremsstrahlung γ s, HHG XFEL Pump + Laser Probe -multi-species probing (protons, fs-electrons, γ s, HHG ) Spin-offs - e.g., high-field X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism with small pulsed magnets - single-shot implementation of conventional synchrotron techniques Seite 4

5 Workshop GOALS Identify the unique and high-value Scientific Opportunities enabled by the Helmholtz Beamline at the European XFEL Assess the technical requirements: - PW & kj laser systems - XFEL beam parameters - Measurement techniques & detectors - HED endstation Build the Community of future Users, and establish a User Consortium for the program and instrument development Seite 5

6 Outline Overview of proposed Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL Sample Experiments from the HZDR Science Program Program Development Path Specific Workshop Tasks Seite 6

7 Future Directions: Center for High Power Radiation Sources (HSQ) Zentrum HSQ Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

8 ELBE & Petawatt Laser Developments Petawatt, Energy-Efficient Laser for Optical Plasma Experiments ELBE SRF e-linac (40 MeV, ps, 13 MHz) SRF photo gun (nc) Ti:Sa PW DPSSL area Dual approach: Ti:Sapphire PW-class laser (~30J in 30fs, now 4J in 30fs) Diode pumped solid state PW laser (~150J in 150 fs, few Hz) Text optional: Institutsname Prof. Dr. Hans Mustermann Mitglied der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft

9 Proposed Helmholtz Beamlines at XFEL & FAIR HZDR Center for High Power Radiation Sources ( ), in construction - R&D on combining Ultra-intense High-power Lasers with Accelerators - ultrafast diagnostics, fs-synchronization, high gradient accelerators ( with DESY) - Technology prototyping for Helmholtz Strategic Infrastructures (2015- ) Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL ~1 Hz PW + kj/ns-beams Laser-pump / XFEL-probe up to ph/pulse, ~100 fs, coherent true single-shot experiments strong-field QED, dynamic damage, WDM, HEDP, excited-state chemistry XFEL Beam Helmholtz Beamline with High-Power Lasers at FAIR Seite 9

10 Additional research topics for Helmholtz Beamline at XFEL Strong-field Physics: High-pressure Physics: absorptive: pair production e - 18 Avetissian [14]: 10 W/cm 27 2 Popov [15]: 10 W/cm effects and problems to be investigated: - deformation of light cone, birefringence, polarization effects - nonpertubative QFT in strong laser fields - photon-photon scattering - electron-positron pair creation (in vacuum),... Vacuum birefringence: Th. Heinzl, R. Sauerbrey, et al., Opt. Commun. 267, 318 (2006) talks by G. Paulus, I. Uschmann nγ 2 e + Material under extreme conditions Need well-characterized samples Void growth in shocked Al later fracture Seite 10

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12 Engaging the International Community & Building the Scientific Case Seite 12

13 Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL Laser Options: ~1 Hz PW, 150J/150 fs ~1 Hz PW, 30 J/30 fs ~few kj, ~ns (shock driver) Stand-alone Target Chamber(s) Seite 13

14 XFEL beam parameters XFEL.EU TN Layout of the X-Ray Systems at the European XFEL 14 April 2011 Th. Tschentscher for the European XFEL project team Seite 14

15 Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation Unique science enabled by combining European XFEL with ultraintense lasers - strong field QED, e.g., vacuum birefringence Highest quality x-ray probing of laser-driven experiments - isochorically heated matter (laser-ions, self- & externally-magnetized targets, interface collisional heating, laser-ablation-driven shocks) - ion induced damage in materials - time-resolved spectroscopy of excited-state chemical pathways - extreme fields & currents in ultra-intense laser-matter interaction - high pressure phenomena in laser-driven shocks - multi-view tomography, multi-frame imaging spectroscopy Add laser-based multi-species probing to XFEL experiments - proton radiography, fs-electron diffraction, hard bremsstrahlung, Spin-offs - e.g., high-field X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism with small pulsed magnets - single-shot implementation of conventional synchrotron techniques Seite 15

16 Outline Overview of proposed Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL Sample Experiments from the HZDR Science Program 1. Excited-state chemistry of Actinides 2. Dynamics of ion-induced materials damage 3. Electron transport and ionization dynamics in laser-driven solids Program Development Path Specific Workshop Tasks Seite 16

17 Laser+Accelerator: applications in sub-ps X-ray pump-probe 2) Synchronized X-ray pulse: (HSQ: ~3x10 7 photons/kev, ~ps) (XFEL: ~10 12 ph/pulse, 0.1%, ~150 fs, coh.) 0.02ps 1ps 1) Sample modification: Laser-ions, shock, photochemical 5ps Material modification by intense ion pulses (energy transfer, melting, recrystallization) Warm-dense matter (WDM) by laser-ion isochoric heating Extreme fields and current densities in high-energy density plasmas (HEDP) Excited-state actinide chemistry Seite 17

18 Broad-band sources X-ray backlighting sources Photon flux for Pump-Probe: pink photons per pulse per kev (i.e., broad bandwidth) XFEL: few (~100 fs) LCLS: few (~200 fs) (not implemented) ICS ESRF: few (~100 ps) Inverse Compton: ~ (~1 ps) Seite 18

19 Excited-state chemistry GOAL: Predictive understanding of excited-state actinide chemistry by validation of time-dependent DFT dynamics 175pm 175pm O U O U(VI) absorption singlet singlet intersystem crossing internal conversion triplet U(V) disproportionation U(VI) + U(IV) H O U 196pm O 179pm solubility depends on redox state redox state can be changed by excited-state chemistry (Arnold et al. Nature 451, 315, 2008) prospects for actinide extraction, fixation (S. Tsushima, Inorg. Chem. 48, 4846, 2009) U-O bond length difference time-resolved EXAFS S. Tsushima, K. Fahmy et al. Seite 19

20 Time-Resolved EXAFS pulsed laser ( nm) X-ray U: LIII 17.2 kev N net = 485±182* UO 2 2+ UOOH 2+ *UO 2 2+ χ( k) = [ µ ( E) µ ( E)]/ µ ( E k = 2m h e 2 0 ( E E ) L III 0 1/ 2 L III ) XFEL pink : ph in 1 kev (~5%) N net = 160 (±3.3) x 10 3 (2% rms) Seite 20

21 Dynamics of particle-induced damage GOAL: Predictive understanding of ioninduced damage, by experimental benchmarking & validation of MD calculations of full dynamics XFEL Beam Fast neutron damage Ion implantation damage Ion-induced damage: knock-ion cascade local melt refreezing residual defects also, electronic heating (electron-phonon coupling) M. Posselt et al (HZDR) A. Froideval et al (PSI) Seite 21

22 Dynamics of particle-induced damage Staged approach: fs time-resolved ion melt (long term) ps time-resolved refreezing (mid term) requires to distinguish ion-induced melt from electron-induced melt time-resolved surface melt Rousse et al, Nature (2001) Siders et al, Science 286, 1340 (1999) electron heating thermal expansion (near term) Systematics: ion-flux dependence metal vs. dielectric vs. amorphous projectile dependence (e.g., p vs. Si) time-resolved lattice expansion Rose-Petruch et al,, Nature (1999)h talk by M. Posselt, Monday p.m. Seite 22

23 Electron transport & strong fields in laser-driven targets Extreme current Ex densities, magnetized current filaments, and strong quasi-static magnetic fields in ultra-intense laser-matter interactions A/cm 2, > 1000 T, V/m, ~kev solid density Current filamentation Important for: Quasistatic 5000 T fields in shaped targets, electron transport inhibition, enhanced heating J. Rassuchine et al, PRE 79, (2009) Laser-ion acceleration Isochoric heating Fast Ignitor physics Laser-plasma x-ray sources Magnetized HEDP Seite 23

24 Concept image B-fields by x-ray Faraday rotation 5000 Tesla quasi-static field x-ray Faraday rotation imaging Extreme Ex ϕ K 2 λ n e B z dz with K= M.K.S. units. Channel-cut Si cyrstals: I. Uschmann et al, HI-Jena LCLS-Matter in Extreme Conditions (HEDP) concept paper ( ): Relativistic electron transport, isochoric heating, and multi-mg magnetization in solid density plasma T.E. Cowan, M.S. Wei et al., (HZDR, UCSD, LANL, LLNL) Seite 24

25 Realization use channel-cut Bragg crystal polarimeter I. Uschmann et al, Determination of high purity polarization state of x-rays, ESRF expt. (2010) (5 x polarization) Channel cut Si 400 crystal Seite 25

26 Electron transport & ionization dynamics 2D space-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy Intensity (a.u.) L-Shell (1st order), K ß (6th order) Mg-like F-like O-like Be-like B-like Self emission spectroscopy t ~ 5-10 ps Energy in 5th Order Diffraction (ev) Space-averaged spectrum Bulk electron temperature T bulk ( x, y, t ) with D. Thorn, T. Stoehlker (HI-Jena, GSI), M. Harmond, S. Toleikis (DESY) Seite 26

27 Laser Isochoric Heating Self-generated magnetic confinement Rassuchine et al., PRE 79, (2009) Pulsed external ~MG magnetic transport inhibition Bakeman et al., Megagauss XI (2007) Electrostatic hot electron confinement using reduced-mass targets Perez et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, (2010) Interface shock heating in heterogenous solid targets Sentoku et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, (2007) Isochoric heating with laser-accelerated protons Patel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, (2003) Seite 27

28 Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL: Scientific Motivation Unique science enabled by combining European XFEL with ultraintense lasers - strong field QED, e.g., vacuum birefringence Highest quality x-ray probing of laser-driven experiments - isochorically heated matter (laser-ions, self- & externally-magnetized targets, interface collisional heating, laser-ablation-driven shocks) - ion induced damage in materials - time-resolved spectroscopy of excited-state chemical pathways - extreme fields & currents in ultra-intense laser-matter interaction - high pressure phenomena in laser-driven shocks - multi-view tomography, multi-frame imaging spectroscopy New laser-based multi-species probes for XFEL experiments - proton radiography, fs-electron diffraction, hard bremsstrahlung, Spin-offs - e.g., high-field X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism with small pulsed magnets - single-shot implementation of conventional synchrotron techniques Seite 28

29 Outline Overview of proposed Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL Sample Experiments from the HZDR Science Program Program Development Path Specific Workshop Tasks Seite 29

30 Program Development Path (I) Broad and Strong Scientific Case - must compete with other research areas (e.g., Energy, Health) for strategic infrastructure investment in Helmholtz Association (HGF) Alleinstellungsmerkmal (Unique Selling Point) - complementarity to other EU projects, especially: Helmholtz Beamline for High Intensity Lasers at FAIR, Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) - relation to int l projects: LCLS, SCSS, SwissFEL, ILE, NIF, LMJ, MaRIE e.g., among fel peers, EuroXFEL has higher rep-rate, & high-power lasers Documentation - Conceptual Design & Science white book contributions beginning with this Workshop Seite 30

31 Program Development Path (II) Communicating our plans to European XFEL, GmbH - Expression of Interest for User Consortium submitted Presentation to XFEL SAC, preliminary technical requirements (laser) identify community of users Next Steps: - Collaborations for developing HED Endstation - Support opportunities for collaborators ex. BMBF Verbundforschung (Rostock, TU-Dresden, FSU Jena, TU-Darmstadt ) - Towards a technical design: - review of laser & x-ray requirements - identify technical challenges (e.g., synch, spectrum, seeding?) & decision points - broadening the scientific case - possible technical contributions from international partners Seite 31

32 Outline Overview of proposed Helmholtz Beamline at European XFEL Sample Experiments from the HZDR Science Program Program Development Path Specific Workshop Tasks Seite 32

33 Specific Workshop Tasks (I): Key Questions What Science are you proposing? - Is it uniquely suited for Ultra-intense or High-power Lasers at the European XFEL? - What scientific question(s) can be pursued? - Is it a Flagship experiment? A major improvement on experiments done elsewhere? Or a unique or innovative technique? What are the technical requirements? - Laser pulse energy, duration, intensity, contrast, rep-rate - Laser-generated secondary beams or radiation - Diagnostics for laser pulse & secondary beams - X-ray photon energy, spectral width (narrow or pink ), polarization - Per-pulse photon number; multi-views or multi-frames? - Focusing requirement - Special synchronization issues - X-ray beam diagnostics Seite 33

34 Specific Workshop Tasks (II): Key Questions Are additional developments required? - Multi-view x-ray split & delay - Pink beam x-ray optics - External or self-seeding for x-ray pulse stabilization - Implementation of conventional techniques to single-shot operation - Pulsed high-fields Is there a defined development path? - Feasibility studies - Prototype development - Staged experiments at existing facilities (synchrotrons, FLASH, LCLS) What is the scientific, technical team? - Established collaborations - Theory & modeling support - Open to additional collaborators? Seite 34

35 Specific Workshop Tasks (III): Scientific Case Workshop Presentations - talks will be posted on Workshop website (exclude proprietary info) - we can print slides for Poster Boards to stimulate discussion & exchange - Key points will summarized by Workshop Topic Organizers Scientific Case documentation - Indicate your interest to contribute to the Scientific Case document - Are you willing to assist the editorial team? -Provide a draft place holder text and figure(s) User Consortia - Indicate your interest to contribute to HED instrument development - Submit a Letter of Intent to Collaborate on the HGF Beamline at the European XFEL (deadline: 19 September) Seite 35

36 Workshop GOALS Identify the unique and high-value Scientific Opportunities enabled by the Helmholtz Beamline at the European XFEL Assess the technical requirements: - PW & kj laser systems - XFEL beam parameters - Measurement techniques & detectors - HED endstation Build the Community of future Users, and establish a User Consortium for the program and instrument development Seite 36

37 Seite 37 Thank you for your attention!

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