Examples of cooperation

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Examples of cooperation"

Claire West
5 years ago
Views:

Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Hospital Viborg allinna Reaalkool D.

1 Visibility of Physics and Mathematicsworkabilityespeciallyin a hospital Examples of cooperation Viborg Katedralskole & he Police Force in Viborg Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Hospital Viborg allinna Reaalkool D..-.september 05 Math. & Phys. eacher & Nuclear Medical Physicist Lennart Egedal Petersen

2 Hands on Physics and Mathematics applied in practice outside the school are motivating and awareness-raising

3 Cooperation with he Police Force in Viborg Physics/mathematical level:. year (A/B-level) Concepts: Linear regression, force, speed, acceleration, mechanical energy, laser Duration: ½ hour per class Product: Common group report with all theoretical considerations and experimental calculations 3

4 Velocity-measurements LIDAR: LIght Detection And Ranging ransmitter diode (laser) (~000 pulses/sek; λ~800nm) Receiver diode (photomultiplier) 4

5 Velocity-measurements s n : n : t n : he distance between the LIDAR and the car at time n ime when pulse n is transmitted ime the pulse n take to travel the distance. s n (LIDAR CAR LIDAR) c: Velocity of light, m/s s n t n c 5

6 Velocity-measurements s n can be calculated s n t n c 6

7 Velocity-measurements he graph ( n ;s n ) shows the distance s n to the car as a function of time n 7

student + m s bycycle braking ) v he braking

8 Braking distance measurement he law of Mechcanical Energy gives: E mek A externalforce Car s braking (m car + m F person braking ) v Bicycle F braking (m student + m s bycycle braking ) v he braking distance (car) and the braking force (bicycle) can be calculated 8

9 :Cooperation with he Department of Clinical Physiology (Nuclear Medicine) Physics/mathematical level:. year (A/B-level) Concepts: Radioactive decays, Absorption of Ionizing Radiation, Dose, Doserate, Gamma Camera-scintigraphies, 99m c- 99 Mo Generator Student experiment: Law of Radioactive Decay ( 99m c 40keV) Law of Absorption of Gamma-Radiation ( 37 Cs 66keV) Distance Square Law of Radiation ( 99m c 40keV) A(t) A Duration: ½- hours common lecture by a physician for all classes at the School: 3 hours visit with Hands On Experiments at the Department one Class at a time divided in 3 groups Product: Common group report with all theoretical and experimental calculations (~30 pages written guidance) o ( ) x x t ½ ½ I(x) I o ( ) D (x) constant x 9

10 :Cooperation with he Department of Clinical Physiology (Nuclear Medicine) Physics/mathematical level: 3. year (A-level) Concepts: 99m c- 99 Mo Generators Filtration rate of the kidney s (Glomerular Filtration Rate: GFR) Compartment models, Differential equations, Calculus of integral, Optimization with least square methods, Ultrasound, Doppler-Ultrasound, X-ray Duration: 4 days to a student task ( approx. 30 pages) over an experimental / theoretical problem relevant for some equipment or an examination of data from a real patient at the department Product: All theoretical and experimental calculations/considerations (~30 pages ) 0

11 Without knowledge of Mathematics and Physics a large number of examinations can t be carried out

12 SPEC C Camera (Single Photon Emission Computed omography & Computer omography) A k N ln() ½ N

13 SPEC-C Fusion of modalities 3

14 Nuclear Isotopes reatment, Examination, Quality test Mo-c Generator 5 Cr, 57 Co, 75 Se, 99 Mo, 99m c, In, 5 I, 3 I, 53 Gd, 37 Cs Decay of nuclear isotopes (α, β,β +, γ; EC) he Decay Law of Radioactive Isotopes N(t) A(t) A(t) N A o o e e kt kt k N(t) N A o o ( ) ( ) t/ t/ ½ ½ 4

15 Mo-c generator. Model 5

16 Mo-c generator. Model 99 Mo dn dt k N 99m c 99 c dn f k dt f 0,876 N k N 3 6

17 7 Mo-c generator. Activities for Mo and c k ln Mo) ( 65,94h A (t) A ½ 99 ½ t Mo,0 Mo ½ ½ t Mo,0 Mo N (t) N ½ ½ ½ t c,0 t t ½ ½ ½ Mo,0 c ) ( N ) ( ) ( N f (t) N + ½ ½ ½ t c,0 t t ½ ½ ½ Mo,0 c ) ( A ) ( ) ( A f (t) A + ½ 99m ½ k ln c) ( 6,0h

18 Mo-c generator. Activities for Mo and c Blue: 99 Mo activity Red: 99m c activity f0,876 8

19 Mo-c generator. Optimal elute time Blue: 99 Mo activity Red: 99m c activity f0,876 t* ½ ln( ) ½ ½ ln ( ) ½ ½ ½ t* ½ ½ 65,94h 6,0h t*,9h ( ( 99 99m Mo) c) 9

20 Mo-c generator. Elute schedule Activity of 99 Mo and 99m c as a function of time for a week 0

21 hyroid- scintigraphy

22 Bone-scintigraphy Is it multiple bone metastases?

23 Bone-scintigraphy Is it multiple bone metastases? 3

24 Kidney- Renograhpy 4

25 Sentinel node /Lymphoscintigraphy 5

26 Leucocyt-scintigraphy ( In) 6

27 X-ray: DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) X-ray; Absorption of ionizing radiation 7

28 X-ray: DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) Bone mineral density Body contribution (Fat, muscle, bone) 8

29 Ultra-sound Medium Velocity of sound v (m/s) v λf Air 330 Water (0 o C) 480 Fat 450 Blood 570 Muscle 580 Bone 3500 Soft tissue(middle) 540 Intensity ime/distance 9

$Ultra-sound: Reflection and Refraction v Fat 450m/s > v Muscle 580m/s sin(i) i r sin(b) v v i b Refraction artifacts Diagnostic Ultrasound.$

30 Ultra-sound: Reflection and Refraction v Fat 450m/s > v Muscle 580m/s sin(i) i r sin(b) v v i b Refraction artifacts Diagnostic Ultrasound. Peter Hoskins, Kevin Martin & Abigail hrush, Cambridge University Press 00 Basics of Ultrasound Imaging. Vincent & Anahi Perlas. Springer 0 30

Ultra-sound: Acoustic impedance Z ρ. v Acoustic Impedance of a media ρ: Density of a media v: Velocity of sound in a media Why is gel used on the skin when we are scanning with ultrasound?

31 Ultra-sound: Acoustic impedance Z ρ. v Acoustic Impedance of a media ρ: Density of a media v: Velocity of sound in a media Why is gel used on the skin when we are scanning with ultrasound? It feels good. or is there a physical explanation? 3 ) ( 4 ) ( b then 0 i If Z Z Z Z i t I Z Z Z Z i r I I I I I R + + Diagnostic Ultrasound. Peter Hoskins, Kevin Martin & Abigail hrush, Cambridge University Press 00

32 Ultra-sound. Acoustic impedance Z ρ. v Acoustic Impedance of a media Medium Acoustic impedance Z (kg/(m s)) Liver, Kidney, Blood, Fat, Water, Air 430 Bone 6, Diagnostic Ultrasound. Peter Hoskins, Kevin Martin & Abigail hrush, Cambridge University Press 00 Medium /Medium R I I Kidney/Blood 0, ,9999 Bone/Kidney 0,355 0,645 Fat/Liver 0,0 0,988 Water/Air 0,999 0,00 Fat/Bone 0,434 0,566 Blood/Air 0,999 0,000 3

received ultrasound waves at the ultrasound transducer f Doppler v v blood cosθ Ultrasound f f

33 Ultra-sound: Doppler-Ultrasound Doppler-effect for ultrasound is used to detect the movement of blood (erytrocytes) and tissue (example: the heart) otal change in frequency for transmitted and received ultrasound waves at the ultrasound transducer f Doppler v v blood cosθ Ultrasound f f Doppler v v blood cosθ Ultrasound f 33

34 Ultra-sound: Doppler-Ultrasound. Flow velocity of blood in artery Calcification of artery Beamline for ultrasound signal Angel correction-cursor Sample Volume Colour Box Velocity spectrum for bloodflow in Sample Volume 34

35 Law of Ideal Gas: Lungs Capacity Changes in volume in the lungs Changes in volume in the box Changes in the pressure in the lungs can be measured as changes in the pressure in the mouth V horacal Gas volume fcal P P Mouth box P Mouth 35

36 Blood-Pressure in toes and fingers Wheatstone Bridge with a Mercury tube and a Strain Gauge R R R l ρ A l l A l 36

37 Visibility of Physics and Mathematicsworkabilityespeciallyin a hospital hank You for Your Attention 37

Examples of cooperation

Visibility of Physics and Mathematics workability especially in a hospital Examples of cooperation Viborg Katedralskole & he Police Force in Viborg Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Hospital Viborg