2. osnove elektrostatike

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1 elekton KNEZ Daniel Knez univ.ipl.ing osnove elektrostatike

2 elekton KNEZ KATKE OSNOVE ELEKTOTEHNIKE / ELEKTOSTATIKE ELEKTOSTATIČNA NAPETOST / POLJE OHMOV ZAKON ČAS ELEKTOSTATIČNEGA POJAVA (V) E = (V/m) I = q i = (As/s = A) t q = t = 0 e (t / C) C F = 1 4 ε Q 1 Q 2 r 2 1 V/m = 1 N/C N (Newton) C (Coulomb) OHANITEV ELEKTOSTATIČNEGA NABOJA STOPNJA VGADNJE ELEKTONSKE KOMPONENTE FAADEYEVA KLETKA Q = konst = ε A stopnja vgranje kapacitivnost A >5kV Q 100 V C E=0 obuvalo C = (70-260) pf A = ( ) cm obuvalo = (0,5-1) cm C = (1-3) pf A = ( ) cm = 50 cm Q = ε A (As) W = ½ C 2

3 tenenca negativnega naelektrevanja tenenca pozitivnega naelektrevanja elekton KNEZ POLAITETE NAELEKTITEV ELEKTOSTATIČNIH NAELEKTEVANJ neuravnoteženo število elektronov ustvari površinsko elektrostatično naelektritev telo se naelektri, ko je naelektrevanje hitrejše, močnejše o razelektrevanja telo ostane naelektreno, če je električni izolator naelektritev, razelektritev potekajo me različnimi električnimi potenciali (ne samo na zemljo ) kemično čisti elementi se me seboj ne naelektrijo čisti plini se ne naelektrijo, naelektritve povzročajo aerosoli pretakajoče tekočine se naelektrijo ob mejnih plasteh ob električnem izolatorju suha koža azbest usnje steklo slua lasje akril najlon poliami volna krzno svinec svila aluminij papir bombaž nizko ielektrični materiali železo les tra guma baker nikelj srebro zlato stiropor ABS poliuretan PVC polipropilen poliester silikon visoko ielektrični materiali teflon silikonska guma

4 elekton KNEZ IZVOI ELEKTOSTATIČNIH POJAVOV TONA NAELEKTITEV NAELEKTITEV/AZELEKTITEV Z DOTIKOM NAELEKTITEV Z INDCIANJEM NAELEKTITEV S KOONO ločevanje veh materialov - pretvarjanje mehanskega ela v električno energijo - pozitivna ali negativna napetost naelektritve ovisna o obeh materialov - naelektritev ovisna o hitrosti ločevanja, pritiska, površine, temperature, vlage,. otik električno prevonih teles naelektrenih na različna električna potencialoma - ozemljitev naelektrenega električnega prevonika: popolna razelektritev - otik različno naelektrenih električnih prevonikov: elna razelektrite / naelektritev, ovisna o razmerja električnih kapacitivnosti inucirana električna poljska jakost in inucirana napetost v električnem polju - električni prevonik v magnetnem polju pravilo esne roke / esnega svera - sprememba zanke električnega prevonika v magnetnem polju - časovna sprememba magnetnega polja naelektritev s korono - visoka napetost ~ >4,5 kv - koničasta oblika izvora napetosti ozemljitev / neozemljivost ni bistvena neozemljitev ni bistvena primeri: zarai trenja molekul tui upogibanje, zvijanje, ohlajevanje - ozemljitev naelektrenega električnega izolatorja samo lokalna razelektritev površine na mestu otika! primeri: naelektritev brez otika bližina naelektrenih premetov gibanje v bližini naelektrenih premetov nevarnost ozemljevanja v elektrostatičnem polju = E * l = v * B * l F = Q * E = Q (v * B) = v * B primeri: uravnoteženost elovanja ionizatorjev neuravnoteženo število elektronov ustvari površinsko elektrostatično naelektritev za naelektritev mora biti naelektrevanje hitrejše, intenzivnejše, močneje o razelektrevanja časovna sprememba elektrostatičnega polja povzroča elektromagnetne pojave naelektritev, razelektritev potekata me različnimi električnimi potenciali

5 elekton KNEZ NAELEKTITEV MED HOJO NAELEKTITEV OSEBE MED HOJO GIBANJEM vzrok naelektrevanja me hojo je v ločevanju površine poplata o talne površine in elektrostatične inukcije zarai izoliranega poplata jakost naelektrevanja in polariteta naelektrevanja sta ovisna o: talnega, hrapavosti talne površine, nečistoč, premazov na površini vrste obuvala, material poplata, konstrukcija obuvala vlažnosti zraka in talne površine, vlažnosti obuvala hitrosti hoje, načina hoje ozemljitev talne površine film: hoja

6 elekton KNEZ KEPI ZA ZMANJŠANJE ELEKTOSTATIČNIH POJAVOV IZBIA MATEIALOV POVŠINSKA PONOST VLAŽNOST ZAKA HITOST LOČEVANJA STIČNE POVŠINE m 1 : m 2 p % rh v A materiali z nizko izstopno energijo elektronov materiali z enako izstopno energijo elektronov materiali enake polaritete naelektritve ločilna srestva uporaba potrjenih materialov površinska upornost volumenska upornost upornost točka-točka nečistoče na površini površinski premazi čistila vlaženje, sušenje večja relativna vlaga zraka poveča električna prevonost zraka hiroskopičnost materialov vlaženje prostorov klimatizacija: primer: 21 C / 50 % rh 9,25 g/m 3 hitrost ločevanja način ločevanja: smer, pritisk, kot ločevanja ponavljanje ločevanja, olaganja, nalaganja električne lastnosti sistema: kapacitivnost, upornost nepolirane površine mat površine ločilni premazi prevleke površin ESD čistila izbira materialov zmanjšati zmanjšati zmanjšati povečati

7 Wofgang Warmbier ainer Pfeifle 2013 EOS/ESD Syposiunm for Factory Issue Comparasion of the Performance of Electrostatic Fiel meter & Electrostatic Voltmeter use to measure electrostatic surface potencial on materrials an ESD elekton KNEZ ELEKTOSTATIČNI V-METI EFM 51 ESVM 1000 ESVM 2000 ESVM 821HH 7100.ESVM ESVM821HH 7100.EFM ESVM2000 brezkontaktni mehanski moulator brezkontaktni mehanski moulator brezkontaktni mehanski moulator kontaktno točkovno merjenje merilno območje razalja merjenja površina merjenja + (0-16) kv 20 mm tolerance merjenja v homogenem elektrostatičnem polju ± 400 V 5 % ± V 5 % ± V 5 % ± V 5 % merilno območje razalja merjenja priporočeno razalja : površina merjenja + (0-2) kv (5-50) mm 1 mm : Ø 4 mm 5 mm : Ø 25 mm 10 mm : Ø 50 mm tolerance merjenja na kovinski plošči ± 500 V 20 % ± V 10 % ± V 5 % merilno območje razalja merjenja + (0-1) kv (1-15) mm tolerance merjenja na kovinski plošči ± 500 V 2 % ± V 1 % merilno območje vhona upornost sone kontaktno merjenje + (0-2) kv Ω tolerance merjenja na kovinski plošči ± 500 V 4 % ± V 2 % ± V 1 %

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