Laboratory of Nuclear Problems
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1 Laboratory of Nuclear Problems Alexey Zhemchugov 8 July 2014
2 We still do not know why elementary particles have different mass?... are there any more flavours of quarks and leptons?... the properties of neutrino?... if Standard Model describe all possible phenomena?... why there is much more matter than antimatter?... what is the 'dark matter' is made of?... why quarks are confined inside hadrons and how strong interaction works? 2
3 Foundation 18 August Soviet government approved the proposal of Academician Igor Kurchatov to construct in USSR ''the installation M''. 14 December The 480 MeV synchrocyclotron started operation at the Hydrotechnical Laboratory in Dubna, the most powerful accelerator in the world. 26 March Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of JINR has been founded. 3
4 Synchrocyclotron 680 MeV (1949) M.G.Meshcheryakov 4
5 Timeline Since 1949 experiments at the synchrocyclotron Since 1967 experiments at U-70 (IHEP, Protvino) synchrocyclotron upgraded to phasotron г. experiment DELPHI at LEP (CERN) Since 1992 participation in the ATLAS experiment at LHC participation in CDF и D0 experiments at FNAL Radiochemistry, nuclear spectroscopy, accelerator physics and technology, radiation medicine and radiobiology developed at LNP as well 5
6 Discoveries 1. Direct deuteron liberation from nuclei by high energy nucleons (1957) 2. Cell self-recovery after lethal irradiation (1957) 3. Discovery of Helium-8 (1959) 4. Radiationless transitions in mesoatoms (1959) 5. Conservation of vector current in weak interactions (1962) 6. Negative pion capture by the chemically bound hydrogen nuclei (1962) 7. Pion double charge exchange (1963) 8. Discovery of muonium in condensed matter (1965) 9. Change of relative intensity of K-series X-rays from mu-mesoatom (1965) 10. Resonant formation of muonic deuterium molecules (1965) 11. Resonant absorption of negative muons by nuclei (1968) 12. Muon spin precession with two frequencies in muonium atom in magnetic field (1969) 13. Capability of one-electron atoms to be a deep donors in semiconductor crystals (1969) 14. Quantum incoherent diffusion of positive muons in solid materials (1972) 15. Proton spin flipping during elastic scattering on protons at high energy (1975) 6
7 Great minds of the Laboratory Mikhail MESHCHERYAKOV Venedikt DZHELEPOV Bruno PONTECORVO 7
8 Structure of the Laboratory Particle physics Collider physics Hadron physics Multiple hadron production Intermediate energies Radiochemistry & nuclear spectroscopy Accelerator technology Phasotron & radiation medicine IT, design office, workshops, services etc about 650 employees among them about 500 scientific staff 8
9 Fundamental research 9
10 Main directions Physics at LHC ATLAS Neutrino physics OPERA, BOREXINO, Daya Bay, BAIKAL-GVD, NEMO, GERDA, TGV, GEMMA, JUNO, NOVA Strong interaction and QCD QCD tests: BES-III, ANKE, DIRAC Spin physics: COMPASS, NICA Relativistic nuclear physics NICA, FAIR 10
11 ATLAS at 11
12 ATLAS experiment Main goals: Search for Higgs boson Tests of Standard Model at energies > 2 TeV Top quark properties Physics beyond Standard Model (supersymmetry etc) many more... 13
13 ATLAS experiment Main goals: Search for Higgs boson Tests of Standard Model at energies > 2 TeV Top quark properties Physics beyond Standard Model (supersymmetry etc) many more... The principal source of experimental data for the next 20 years! 14
14 Neutrino physics NOVA 大亚湾 Daya Bay БАЙКАЛ 15
15 R ~ 60 m String section, 12 OMs L~ m BAIKAL-GVD 16
16 Neutrino physics Main goals Direct observation of νμ ντ (OPERA) Measurement of θ13 search for CP-violation in lepton sector (DayaBay) Search for neutrinoless 2β decay (NEMO, GERDA, TGV) Neutrino magnetic moment (GEMMA-2) Neutrino astronomy and astrophysics (BAIKAL-GVD) Neutrino mass hierarchy (Juno, Nova) 17
17 Strong interaction Main goals: Precision tests of QCD nuclear forces, hadronization, confinement Hadron spectroscopy and search for exotic particles Nucleon structure and «spin crisis» Dense nuclear matter and formation of quark-gluon plasma 18
18 Heavy-ion collider NICA Start expected in 2019 SPD Нуклотрон NICA MPD 19
19 Accelerator complex FAIR GSI, Darmstadt, Germany Start expected in
20 BES-III and COMPASS CERN BES-III Beijing, China 21
21 Accelerator technology and applied research 25
22 Observation: particle and nuclear physics stimulates high technology Accelerators vacuum and cryogenic technology, superconducting magnets, automation Detectors ultrafast electronics, semiconductors, novel materials, high precision combined with the huge size Computing: LHC gives TB of data per year gridtechnologies Nuclear technology: radiation medicine, material science, industrial accelerators 26
23 Cyclotrons constructed at LNP in recent years Russia, Tver, industrial cyclotron RIC-30 Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Cyclotron U-150 Poland, Cracow, Cyclotron AIC-144 Belgium, Louvain-la-Neuve, IBA, medical cyclotron С235 Research projects: medical cyclotron С250, superconducting cyclotron
24 Hybrid pixel detectors high resistance n-type semiconductor GaAs:Cr Sensor GaAs:Cr aluminium layer + flip-chip bonding Medipix readout single pixel JINR joined Medipix collaboration in
25 MARS-CT Manufactured by MARS Bioimaging Ltd., New Zealand Fully-functional microct equipped with two GaAs:Cr+Medipix3 detectors Spatial resolution about 30 um X-ray energy up to 120 kev Sample size up to Ø 10 cm X 30 cm 29
26 Radiation medicine Research on methods of proton therapy Cancer treatment by Phasotron beams Design and construction of specialized medical cyclotrons (collaboration with IBA) Also Novel imaging detectors for CT and X-ray diagnostics 31
27 Welcome to the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems! 32
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