Laboratory of Nuclear Problems

Transcription

1 Laboratory of Nuclear Problems Sergei Kotov July 7, 2015

2 We still do not know why elementary particles have different mass?... are there any more flavours of quarks and leptons?... what are the properties of neutrino?... if the Standard Model describes all possible phenomena?... why there is much more matter than antimatter?... what the 'dark matter' is made of?... why quarks are confined inside hadrons and how strong interaction works? 2

3 Foundation of LNP 18 August Soviet government approved the proposal of Academician Igor Kurchatov to construct in USSR ''the installation M' for fundamental studies in nuclear physics. 14 December The 480 MeV proton synchrocyclotron started operation at the Hydrotechnical Laboratory in Dubna, the most powerful accelerator in the world at that time. 26 March Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of JINR has been founded. 3

4 Synchrocyclotron 680 MeV (1953) M.G.Meshcheryakov

5 Discoveries at synchrocyclotron 1. Direct deuteron liberation from nuclei by high energy nucleons (1957) 2. Cell self-recovery after lethal irradiation (1957) 3. Discovery of Helium-8 (1959) 4. Radiationless transitions in mesoatoms (1959) 5. Conservation of vector current in weak interactions, decay π + π 0 e + ν e (1962) 6. Negative pion capture by the chemically bound hydrogen nuclei (1962) 7. Pion double charge exchange (1963) 8. Discovery of muonium in condensed matter (1965) 9. Change of relative intensity of K-series X-rays from mu-mesoatom (1965) 10. Resonant formation of muonic deuterium molecules (1965) 11. Resonant absorption of negative muons by nuclei (1968) 12. Muon spin precession with two frequencies in muonium atom in magnetic field (1969) 13. Capability of one-electron atoms to be a deep donors in semiconductor crystals (1969) 14. Quantum incoherent diffusion of positive muons in solid materials (1972) 15. Proton spin flipping during elastic scattering on protons at high energy (1975) 5

6 Timeline Since 1949 experiments at the synchrocyclotron Since 1967 experiments at U-70 (IHEP, Protvino) synchrocyclotron upgraded to phasotron experiment DELPHI at LEP (CERN) Since 1992 participation in the ATLAS experiment at LHC participation in the CDF и DØ experiments at FNAL Also, studies in the fields of radiochemistry, nuclear spectroscopy, accelerator physics and technology, radiation medicine, radiobiology, and new particle detectors are conducted at LNP 6

7 Great minds of the Laboratory Mikhail MESHCHERYAKOV Venedikt DZHELEPOV Bruno PONTECORVO 7

8 Structure of the Laboratory Particle physics Collider physics Intermediate energies Accelerator technology Hadron physics Multiple hadron production Radiochemistry & nuclear spectroscopy Phasotron & radiation medicine IT, design office, workshops, services etc about 650 employees among them about 500 scientific staff 8

9 Fundamental research 9

10 Main directions of research Physics at LHC ATLAS Neutrino physics and cosmic rays OPERA, BOREXINO, Daya Bay, BAIKAL-GVD, NEMO, GERDA, TGV, GEMMA, JUNO, NOVA TUNKA-TAIGA, TUS, NUCLEON Strong interactions and QCD QCD tests: BES-III, ANKE, DIRAC Spin physics: COMPASS, NICA Relativistic nuclear physics NICA, FAIR 10

11 ATLAS experiment at LHC LNP involvement since 1994 Hardware contributions to Muon Spectrometer and Tile Calorimeter Software contributions to calibration and alignment Participation in Data Analysis: Higgs searches SUSY searches Searches for dilepton highmass resonances

12 ATLAS observation of Higgs boson

13 ATLAS physics program Main goals: Search for Higgs boson Physics beyond Standard Model (supersymmetry, extra dimensions, etc) CP violation in B-meson decays Tests of the Standard Model at energies above 2 TeV Top quark properties many more... 13

14 ATLAS physics program Main goals: Search for Higgs boson Physics beyond Standard Model (supersymmetry, extra dimensions, etc) Tests of Standard Model at energies > 2 TeV Top quark properties many more... The principal source of HEP experimental data for the next 20 years! 14

15 Neutrino physics and astrophysics OPERA 大亚湾 Daya Bay BAIKAL-NT 15

16 Neutrino physics and astrophysics Main goals Direct observation of oscillations νμ ντ (OPERA) Measurement of θ 13 search for CP-violation in lepton sector (DayaBay) Search for neutrinoless 2β decay (NEMO, GERDA, TGV) Neutrino astronomy and astrophysics (BAIKAL-NT,GVD) Neutrino magnetic moment (GEMMA-2) Neutrino mass hierarchy (Juno, Nova) Study of solar neutrinos (Borexino) 16

17 BAIKAL-GVD (Gigaton Volume Detector) Searches for galactic and extragalactic sources of high energy neutrinos (> 3 TeV) Indirect searches for dark matter and exotics (monopoles, Q-balls) GVD will be part of the Global Neutrino Observatory (Northern Hemisphere) together with IceCube and ANTARES The first cluster of PMTs is already deployed 17

18 Strong interactions and QCD Main goals: Precision tests of QCD: nuclear forces, hadronization, confinement (NICA, PANDA) Hadron spectroscopy and search for exotic particles (BES-III) Nucleon structure and «proton spin crisis» (COMPASS) Dense nuclear matter and formation of quark-gluon plasma (NICA, PANDA) 18

19 BES-III experiment Precision measurements in charmed meson and τ-lepton physics, light hadron spectroscopy. LNP involvement: development of core software framework, simulation tools, data analysis framework and distributed computing. No hardware contribution. 19

20 Observation of Zc ± (3900) march 2013 г. e + e - π + π MeV BESIII Mass = (3899.0±3.6±4.9) MeV Width = (46±10±20) MeV BESIII: Phys.Rev.Lett. 110 (2013) Confirmed by: BELLE: arxiv: , Cleo-C: arxiv:

21 Observation of Z ± c(4020) and Z ± c(4025) e + e - Z c ± (4020) π + π - hc(1p) Ecm=4.26 GeV Ecm=4.36 GeV N= N= e + e - Zc ± (4025) π ± (D*D*) ± Ecm=4.26 GeV PRL 111 (2013) M(4020) = MeV (4020) = MeV Significance 6.4 σ M(4025) = MeV (4025) = MeV Significance >10 σ arxiv:

22 Observation of Z ± c(4020) and Z ± c(4025) e + e - Zc ± (4020) π + π - hc(1p) Ecm=4.26 GeV Ecm=4.26 GeV Ecm=4.36 GeV N= N= e + e - Zc ± (4025) π ± (D*D*) ± PRL 111 (2013) M(4020) = MeV (4020) = MeV Significance 6.4 σ New particles contain c and c quarks and at the same time posess electric charge. Must contain at least four quarks! M(4025) = MeV (4025) = MeV Significance >10 σ arxiv:

23 Heavy-ion collider NICA at JINR Start expected in 2019 Nuclotron NICA SPD LNP is mainly involved in the detectors design and construction MPD 23

24 Accelerator complex FAIR GSI, Darmstadt, Germany Start expected in 2018 Next generation facility for studies of: spin physics (PAX, COSY), spectroscopy of charmonium and B-mesons, 24 dense hadron medium (PANDA).

25 Accelerator technology and applied research 25

26 Observation: particle and nuclear physics stimulates high technology Accelerators vacuum and cryogenic technology, superconducting magnets, automation Detectors ultrafast electronics, semiconductors, novel materials, high precision combined with the huge size Computing: LHC gives TB of data per year gridtechnologies Nuclear technology: radiation medicine, material science, industrial accelerators 26

27 Cyclotrons constructed at LNP Russia, Tver, industrial cyclotron RIC-30 for production of radionuclides Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Cyclotron U-150-II for fundamental and applied research Poland, Cracow, Cyclotron AIC-144 for isotope production and proton radiotherapy Belgium, IBA-JINR medical cyclotron С235-V3, Federal Center of Medicine Radiology in Dimitrovgrad (Russia) Research projects: medical cyclotron С250, superconducting cyclotron C400

28 Hybrid pixel detectors high resistance n-type semiconductor GaAs:Cr flip-chip bonding Sensor GaAs:Cr aluminium layer + - Medipix readout single pixel 28

29 MARS-CT scanner Manufactured by MARS Bioimaging Ltd., New Zealand Fully-functional microct scanner equipped with two GaAs:Cr+Medipix3 detectors X-ray energy up to 120 kev Sample size up to Ø 10 cm X 30 cm Spatial resolution about 30 um 29

30 Examples of microct Courtesy of P.Butler Spectal CT with radiocontrast agent Titanoferous ore Coronary stent Aterosclerotic plaque

31 Radiation medicine Cancer therapy by hadron beams Raise of energy loss while particle slows down = «Bragg peak» р + Water 31

32 Radiation medicine Research on methods of proton therapy (3D conformal therapy for the first time in Russia) Cancer treatment on Phasotron beamlines (more than 1000 patients in 15 years) Design and construction of specialized medical cyclotrons (collaboration with IBA) Also Novel imaging detectors for CT and X-ray diagnostics Before Treatment plan After 32

33 A great variety of fundamental and applied studies are conducted at LNP to which a motivated student can contribute Thank you for your attention! and Welcome to the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems! 33