Welcome to the PANIC Pedagogical Lectures! Jesse Thaler Big Questions in Particle Physics

Transcription

1 Welcome to the PANIC Pedagogical Lectures!

2 Big Questions in Particle Physics Expectations for the Large Hadron Collider Jesse Thaler PANIC 2011 July 24, 2011

3 My Focus/Bias: High Energy Frontier * Quarks and gluons in hot and dense matter Quarks and gluons in hadrons Neutrino physics and astrophysics Dark matter and cosmology Nuclear and particle astrophysics Standard model physics at the TeV scale Tevatron and LHC physics beyond the standard model Heavy flavor physics within and beyond the standard model Tests of symmetries and conservation laws Kaons, hypernuclei, hadron spectroscopy, and exotics Applied string theory Accelerator physics

4 Amazing LHC Performance! >1 fb 1!! 45 pb 1! Detector Performance, Rediscover Standard Model, Initial Exotica Searches... Truly Pushing the High Energy Frontier

5 Outline Big Open Questions Lecture Today! The Nature of Dark Matter? The Origin of Mass? The Symmetry Structure of Our Universe? Two Visions of the Universe Plenary This Week? Particles have Purpose Discoveries at the frontier(s) will solve deepest mysteries of the Standard Model. Particles are Enigmatic The nature and purpose of Dark Matter is unknown. What else is dark?

6 Big Open Questions Lecture Today! The Nature of Dark Matter? The Origin of Mass? The Symmetry Structure of Our Universe? Two Visions of the Universe Plenary This Week? Particles have Purpose Particles are Enigmatic

7 Quantum Gravity Grand Unification The Universe Solar System Galaxy Planet The TeV Scale Protons Electrons Molecules Cells Hairs Us m m 10 4 m m m

8 Quantum Gravity Grand Unification The Universe Solar System Galaxy Planet The TeV Scale Protons Electrons Molecules Cells Hairs Us m m 10 4 m m m The Standard Model + u d s c t b Quarks e e Leptons

9 Quantum Gravity Grand Unification The Universe Solar System Galaxy Planet The TeV Scale Protons Electrons Molecules Cells Hairs Us m m 10 4 m m m The Standard Model 1 massless spin-2 boson 9 massless spin-1 bosons 3 massive spin-1 bosons 45 spin-1/2 fermions 1 spin-0 bosons (?) gauge field matter matter

10 The Nature of Dark Matter? Kim Palladino! m m 10 4 m m m ΩDM 0.2 wdm = 0... Galactic Dynamics Weak Lensing Structure Formation...

11 The Origin of Mass? Steve Nahn! m m 10 4 m m m Order parameter for electroweak symmetry breaking is a fundamental field?

12 The Origin of Mass? Steve Nahn! m m 10 4 m m m Order parameter for electroweak symmetry breaking is fundamental field?

13 The Origin of Mass? Steve Nahn! m m 10 4 m m m Explains Periodic Table Krishna Kumar! Order parameter for electroweak symmetry breaking is fundamental field?

14 The Origin of Mass? Steve Nahn! m Explains m Beta Decay10 4 m m m Explains Periodic Table Krishna Kumar! Order parameter for electroweak symmetry breaking is fundamental field?

15 Explains Everything The Origin of Mass? Steve Nahn! m Explains m Beta Decay10 4 m m m Explains Periodic Table Order parameter for electroweak symmetry breaking is fundamental field? Krishna Kumar!

16 Joao Guimaraes Da Costa! m m 10 4 m m m The Symmetry Structure of Our Universe? Noether! Symmetries Laws

17 Baryogenesis? Flavor? Noah Oblath! Neutrino Masses? Strong CP? m m 10 4 m m m (Other Physics/Science) Dark Energy? Inflation? QCD at Extremes? Wit Busza! Unification? Quantum Gravity? More puzzles... (Not exhaustive)

18 Big Open Questions The Nature of Dark Matter? The Origin of Mass? m m 10 4 m m m The Symmetry Structure of Our Universe?

19 One Big Answer Machine Bill Graves! Steve Ahlen! Me Many smaller answering machines as well: Tevatron, DM Direct/Indirect Detection, Intensity Frontier...

20 So what are we going to see?

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22 Big Open Questions Lecture Today! The Nature of Dark Matter? The Origin of Mass? The Symmetry Structure of Our Universe? Two Visions of the Universe Plenary This Week? Particles have Purpose Particles are Enigmatic

23 Vision 1: Particles have Purpose New Particles Fundamental Principles of Nature

24 Precedent in Electroweak Physics New Particles Fundamental Principles of Nature Continuous Spectrum in Beta Decay e n ν e Electron Neutrino Energy/Momentum Conservation! p Observation of Neutral Currents ν Z e ν e + Weak Gauge Bosons Unitarity & Gauge Symmetries!

25 Precedent in Electroweak Physics New Particles Fundamental Principles of Nature Continuous Spectrum in Beta Decay e Scalar Resonance at 140 GeV (?) Electron Neutrino Energy/Momentum Conservation! n p ν e Gavin Salam? W W h 0 Wade Fisher? Observation of Neutral Currents ν Z e e + -1 Events / bin / fb 0.4 Higgs tt 0.25 Zbb 0.2 * ZZ lepton invariant mass (GeV) Weak Gauge Bosons Unitarity & Gauge Symmetries! ν Higgs Boson Unitarity Reemphasized & Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking!

26 Profound Quantum Mechanics, Lorentz Invariance, Locality, Unitarity, Global Symmetries, Gauge Symmetries, Conservation Laws, Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking...

27 The Supersymmetry Trifecta? Peter Wittich? Symmetry Structure of Our Universe? New Quantum Coordinate! {x, t } {x, t, θ } θ 2 =0 θ θ + θ 0 Superpartners! Origin of Mass? Coupled Dynamics! SUSY h =0 µ µ Nature of Dark Matter? (fermion) (boson) Lightest Superpartner! γ γ

28 Vision 2: Particles are Enigmatic New Particles No (Apparent) Higher Purpose?

29 Historical Precedent New Particles No (Apparent) Higher Purpose? µ Muon Who ordered that? Mike Shaevitz? L = λ ij Λ ( ih)( j h) Neutrino Masses/Mixing All the operators fit to print. Gilad Perez? Guy Wilkinson? Laura Baudis? Neal Weiner? Heavy Flavor CP Violation! And?? Dark Matter 5x more stuff than usual stuff

30 DM Baffling Is Redundancy a Principle of Nature?

31 ??? DM??? Baffling?????? Is Redundancy a Principle of Nature????

32 So what are we going to see?

33 Big Open Questions The Nature of Dark Matter? The Origin of Mass? The Symmetry Structure of Our Universe? Two Visions of the Universe Particles have Purpose Discoveries at the frontier(s) will solve deepest mysteries of the Standard Model. Particles are Enigmatic The nature and purpose of Dark Matter is unknown. What else is dark?

34 *+,-!."/")0 (2) (1) (') ()) 3) 2) 1) ')!"#" $$%$&$'()*+,-'('./ ##$+$012 $$%$&$-'('*3+,-'('4 012 $$%$&$-'(').+,-'(** ) #& #' #( ) ( ' & $"%"$! "#"$! CPT-violating neutrinos? Top forward-backward? W + Dijet Resonance? W/Z + heavy flavor? Precision Electroweak Tension? Heavy top-prime? m COGENT excess? DAMA annual modulation? PAMELA/Fermi electron/positron? WMAP/Fermi Haze? Global Financial Crisis? αs Extraction? BS μ + μ? Dimuon asymmetry? HyperCP resonance? Muon magnetic moment? Proton charge radius? m 10 4 m m m Hints? (Not exhaustive)

35 Visible Universe Milky Way Solar System Earth This way to m 10 2 m 1 m... Atoms Nuclei u g u m d Welcome to the g g g W Z m t????? m?????... Cells Molecules This way to... Grand Unification? Quantum Gravity? Energy Frontier!