Electroweak Physics. Krishna S. Kumar. University of Massachusetts, Amherst
|
|
- Katrina Hoover
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Electroweak Physics Krishna S. Kumar University of Massachusetts, Amherst Acknowledgements: M. Grunewald, C. Horowitz, W. Marciano, C. Quigg, M. Ramsey-Musolf,
2 Electroweak Physics SU() L X U(1) Y Gauge Interactions QED & weak interactions: properties of W ±, Z 0 bosons and particle couplings to them Emphasis on Q <<M Z Connections to High Energy Physics What lies beyond the electroweak scale? Are forces unified at a high energy scale? Can we interpret new physics at colliders? Applications to Nuclear Physics tests of low energy QCD Electroweak probe more versatile than just the electromagnetic probe
3 Some Remarks Student background and preparation varies Some of you would have had nuclear or particle physics but not all of you Basic knowledge of modern physics assumed As postdoctoral researchers, you will learn to cope with imperfect knowledge Qualitative rather than quantitative understanding You wont follow everything, but if you are totally lost, you should stop me with a question I hope to communicate the big picture
4 Overview of Lectures I. Introduction to Electroweak Physics: Emphasis on Colliders II. Current Status of Electroweak Physics and Role of Low Energy III. Electroweak Physics at Low Q IV. Weak Neutral Current Interactions V. Anatomy of Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Experiments
5 Electroweak Physics Lecture I: Introduction to Electroweak Physics
6 Fundamental Interactions Gravity and Electromagnetic Infinite range Strong and Weak meter Radioactivity Electricity & Magnetism Nuclei & Nucleons 60 Co 60 Ni Weak decay of 60 Co Nucleus parity transformation x, y,z x, y, z r p r p, r L L r, r s r s Parity Nonconservation
7 Quantum Electrodynamics Free fermions fields are solutions to the Dirac equation (iγ µ µ m)ψ = 0 Corresponding Lagrangian: L ~ ψ (iγ µ µ m)ψ Local gauge invariance: interaction with photon field: J µ A µ Conserved electromagnetic current J µ = qψ γ µ ψ 4-vector Feynman Rules: emission and absorption of virtual photons by fermion electromagnetic current current γ Feynman Diagram Matrix Element Fermi s Golden Rule Cross-section Transition probability
8 e-µ scattering t P 3,, s 3 p 4, s 4 p 1,, s 1 x µ - µ e + e - * Momenta and spins p and s p, s 1 g e (p 1 p 3 ) u s 3 (p 3 )γ µ us 1 (p 1 ) [ ]u s 4 (p 4 )γ µ u s (p ) [ ] Differential Cross Section dσ = 4α E' ϑ cos dω q 4 Muon pair production in e+e- annihilation M ~ M ~ g e (p 1 + p ) u (3)γ µ v(4) [ ]v ()γ µ u(1) [ ] s = (p 1 +p ) : square of the C.O.M. energy dσ dω = α 4s (1 + cos θ) Multiply by GeV -mbarn g e = 4πα E E θ µ 4-momentum transfer θ q = 4E E sin µ + e + θ e - µ - Total σ in barn (10-4 cm )
9 60 Co 60 Ni γ 5 u = ( r p r Σ )u Σu =+u P L (1 γ 5 ) Weak Interactions G F [ u (Co)γ (1 γ 5 µ )u(ni)]u(e)γ µ (1 γ 5 )v(ν ) 4-Fermi Contact interaction with parity violation (1 γ 5 ) r Σ r σ 0 r 0 σ u = 0 Left- and right-handed projections P i P j = δ ij P j M ~ P L,R u u L,R For massless particles: P R (1 + γ 5 ) P i = I i r p Σ r h helicity operator [ ] Σu = u (1 γ 5 ) u = u G F [ u (Co)γ u (Ni) L µ L ]u [ L (e)γ µ v R (ν )] J µ ~ ψ γ µ ψ J µ ~ ψ γ µ γ 5 ψ e - 60 Co vector V-A Interaction ν e 60 Ni axial-vector V X A gives rise to pseudo-scalars
10 Handedness Important: Chirality Helicity if m 0! Helicity operator commutes with free-particle Hamiltonian Conserved but not Lorentz invariant! (Can race past a massive particle and observe it spinning the other way) Chirality operator not conserved, but Lorentz invariant! Freely propagating left-chiral projection will develop a right-chiral component
11 Charge and Handedness Electric charge determines strength of electric force Electrons and protons have same charge magnitude: same strength observed Neutrinos are charge neutral : do not feel the electric force not observed Weak charge determines strength of weak force Left-handed particles (Right-handed antiparticles) have weak charge 60 Co 60 Ni 60 Co Right-handed particles (left-handed antiparticles) are weak charge neutral 60 Ni observed L R right-handed anti-neutrino not observed R L left-handed anti-neutrino
12 e - µ ν e ν µ M ~ µ Decay G F [ u (ν )γ (1 γ 5 µ µ )u(µ)]u(e)γ µ (1 γ 5 )v(ν e ) using Fermi s Golden Rule [ ] Lifetime Each decay mode provides a partial width Γ i τ = 1 Γ i Partial width has units of energy Conversion factor: 197 MeV-fm Γ µ = G 5 Fm µ Muon lifetime in vacuum:. µs 19π Gedanken Experiments: The luxury of being a theorist Consider ν e + e ν µ + µ Can use same M σ = G F E 3π For E ~ 1 TeV, probability > 1! i More particles going out than coming in
13 Massive Vector Bosons: W ± µ ν µ + ν e + e e - ν e µ ν µ ν e + e ν µ + µ G F = g W 8M W µ ν µ W - W - Mass of the W between 10 and 100 GeV ν e e - V = 1 4πε 0 q σ g 4 W 4E 3π 4(E m W ) [ ]r mc r e h Short range Real W production u + d W + e + + ν e Fixed target: M new ~ ME Collider: M new ~ 4E p(e) = Γ π Very short lifetime 1 (E m W ) + (Γ /) A + B W + C + D Large width σ peak 4π 3m W Γ AB Γ tot Γ CD Γ tot
14 Γ AB Γ tot Collider Physics Relative probability of A+B decay w.r.t. total probability: Branching Ratio Count possibilities: Few nbarn e + ν e,µ + ν µ,τ + ν τ,ud,cs Need ppbar collider with luminosity L ~ 10 7 /cm /s N ~ LσT = 10 7 x 10-9 x 10-4 x 10 7 Challenge: QCD background: 40 mbarn! e + e - or p-pbar or p-p hermetic detector Collision at heart of detector Engineering and technological challenges Few events! W signal: highly energetic lepton with energy imbalance
15 The Z Boson and Unification More gedanken experiments e + e + ν e W + γ Electron-positron collisions W - W - W - e * W + W + W + + γ* Z 0 e - e + e - e + e - Need WWγ vertex: same charge as electron! Need a new, neutral massive weak boson: the Z 0 One free parameter: θ W, the weak mixing angle e + e W + W Unitarity violation forces important constraints W - W + Scattering of longitudinal vector bosons (m=0) + H 0 Z 0 Z 0 eez couplings depend on sin θ W m W = cosθ W m Z
16 W and Z Charges Left-handed particles in isodoublets Right-handed particles iso-singlets No right-handed neutrino γ Charge W Charge Z Charge Left- q = 0,±1,± 1 3,± 3 T =± 1 T qsin θ W Right- q = 0,±1,± 1 3,± 3 T = 0 qsin θ W Ws have no couplings to right-handed particles Zs couple to both: introduce g L and g R Also use g V and g A : g V = g L + g R g A = g L g R Vector and Axial-vector couplings
17 e + e - Collider Data
18 dσ dω = α 4s (1 + cos θ) R and the Heavy Quarks R = e+ e q q e + e µ + µ = i Q i 3 colors for each quark! 10/3 11/3
19 The Z Resonance e + e Z 0 l + l,qq Count possibilities: 6(e + e ) + 6(uu ) + 9(dd ) Γ ff g L + g R σ Z hadrons 1π m Z ( ) B.R.(leptons): 3.3% each, B.R.(quarks):70% 40 nbarn! 00 times larger than QED σ(e) = Γ ee Γ ff (E m Z ) + (Γ /) Can measure total width without identifying all final states!
20 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
21 Summary Introduction to electromagnetic and weak interactions Motivation for Electroweak Unification Tests of Electroweak theory at colliders Introduced nomenclature for electroweak studies Continue precision studies of electroweak theory next time
6. QED. Particle and Nuclear Physics. Dr. Tina Potter. Dr. Tina Potter 6. QED 1
6. QED Particle and Nuclear Physics Dr. Tina Potter Dr. Tina Potter 6. QED 1 In this section... Gauge invariance Allowed vertices + examples Scattering Experimental tests Running of alpha Dr. Tina Potter
More informationOUTLINE. CHARGED LEPTONIC WEAK INTERACTION - Decay of the Muon - Decay of the Neutron - Decay of the Pion
Weak Interactions OUTLINE CHARGED LEPTONIC WEAK INTERACTION - Decay of the Muon - Decay of the Neutron - Decay of the Pion CHARGED WEAK INTERACTIONS OF QUARKS - Cabibbo-GIM Mechanism - Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa
More informationStandard Model of Particle Physics SS 2012
Lecture: Standard Model of Particle Physics Heidelberg SS 22 Fermi Theory Standard Model of Particle Physics SS 22 2 Standard Model of Particle Physics SS 22 Fermi Theory Unified description of all kind
More informationOverview. The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions.
Overview The quest of Particle Physics research is to understand the fundamental particles of nature and their interactions. Our understanding is about to take a giant leap.. the Large Hadron Collider
More informationOutline. Charged Leptonic Weak Interaction. Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks. Neutral Weak Interaction. Electroweak Unification
Weak Interactions Outline Charged Leptonic Weak Interaction Decay of the Muon Decay of the Neutron Decay of the Pion Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks Cabibbo-GIM Mechanism Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa
More information1 Introduction. 1.1 The Standard Model of particle physics The fundamental particles
1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief introduction to the Standard Model of particle physics. In particular, it gives an overview of the fundamental particles and the relationship
More informationStandard Model of Particle Physics SS 2013
Lecture: Standard Model of Particle Physics Heidelberg SS 23 Fermi Theory Standard Model of Particle Physics SS 23 2 Standard Model of Particle Physics SS 23 Weak Force Decay of strange particles Nuclear
More informationOutline. Charged Leptonic Weak Interaction. Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks. Neutral Weak Interaction. Electroweak Unification
Weak Interactions Outline Charged Leptonic Weak Interaction Decay of the Muon Decay of the Neutron Decay of the Pion Charged Weak Interactions of Quarks Cabibbo-GIM Mechanism Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa
More informationIX. Electroweak unification
IX. Electroweak unification The problem of divergence A theory of weak interactions only by means of W ± bosons leads to infinities e + e - γ W - W + e + W + ν e ν µ e - W - µ + µ Divergent integrals Figure
More informationWeak interactions, parity, helicity
Lecture 10 Weak interactions, parity, helicity SS2011: Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, Part 2 2 1 Weak decay of particles The weak interaction is also responsible for the β + -decay of atomic
More informationIntroduction to particle physics Lecture 6
Introduction to particle physics Lecture 6 Frank Krauss IPPP Durham U Durham, Epiphany term 2009 Outline 1 Fermi s theory, once more 2 From effective to full theory: Weak gauge bosons 3 Massive gauge bosons:
More informationLecture 11. Weak interactions
Lecture 11 Weak interactions 1962-66: Formula/on of a Unified Electroweak Theory (Glashow, Salam, Weinberg) 4 intermediate spin 1 interaction carriers ( bosons ): the photon (γ) responsible for all electromagnetic
More informationIntroduction to particle physics Lecture 12: Weak interactions
Introduction to particle physics Lecture 12: Weak interactions Frank Krauss IPPP Durham U Durham, Epiphany term 2010 1 / 22 Outline 1 Gauge theory of weak interactions 2 Spontaneous symmetry breaking 3
More informationStandard Model of Particle Physics SS 2013
Lecture: Standard Model of Particle Physics Heidelberg SS 013 Weak Interactions II 1 Important Experiments Wu-Experiment (1957): radioactive decay of Co60 Goldhaber-Experiment (1958): radioactive decay
More informationDerivation of Electro Weak Unification and Final Form of Standard Model with QCD and Gluons 1 W W W 3
Derivation of Electro Weak Unification and Final Form of Standard Model with QCD and Gluons 1 W 1 + 2 W 2 + 3 W 3 Substitute B = cos W A + sin W Z 0 Sum over first generation particles. up down Left handed
More informationParticle Physics WS 2012/13 ( )
Particle Physics WS 2012/13 (9.11.2012) Stephanie Hansmann-Menzemer Physikalisches Institut, INF 226, 3.101 QED Feyman Rules Starting from elm potential exploiting Fermi s gold rule derived QED Feyman
More informationWeak interactions and vector bosons
Weak interactions and vector bosons What do we know now about weak interactions? Theory of weak interactions Fermi's theory of weak interactions V-A theory Current - current theory, current algebra W and
More informationLecture 03. The Standard Model of Particle Physics. Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM
Lecture 03 The Standard Model of Particle Physics Part II The Higgs Boson Properties of the SM The Standard Model So far we talked about all the particles except the Higgs If we know what the particles
More information4. The Standard Model
4. The Standard Model Particle and Nuclear Physics Dr. Tina Potter Dr. Tina Potter 4. The Standard Model 1 In this section... Standard Model particle content Klein-Gordon equation Antimatter Interaction
More informationINTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS
INTRODUCTION TO THE STANDARD MODEL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Class Mechanics My office (for now): Dantziger B Room 121 My Phone: x85200 Office hours: Call ahead, or better yet, email... Even better than office
More informationWeak interactions. Chapter 7
Chapter 7 Weak interactions As already discussed, weak interactions are responsible for many processes which involve the transformation of particles from one type to another. Weak interactions cause nuclear
More informationInteractions and Fields
Interactions and Fields Quantum Picture of Interactions Yukawa Theory Boson Propagator Feynman Diagrams Electromagnetic Interactions Renormalization and Gauge Invariance Strong Interactions Weak and Electroweak
More informationIsospin. K.K. Gan L5: Isospin and Parity 1
Isospin Isospin is a continuous symmetry invented by Heisenberg: Explain the observation that the strong interaction does not distinguish between neutron and proton. Example: the mass difference between
More informationQuantum ElectroDynamics III
Quantum ElectroDynamics III Feynman diagram Dr.Farida Tahir Physics department CIIT, Islamabad Human Instinct What? Why? Feynman diagrams Feynman diagrams Feynman diagrams How? What? Graphic way to represent
More informationElementary Particles, Flavour Physics and all that...
Elementary Particles, Flavour Physics and all that... 1 Flavour Physics The term Flavour physics was coined in 1971 by Murray Gell-Mann and his student at the time, Harald Fritzsch, at a Baskin-Robbins
More informationContents. Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition
Contents Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Notes xiii xv xvii 1 Basic Concepts 1 1.1 History 1 1.1.1 The Origins of Nuclear Physics 1 1.1.2 The Emergence of Particle Physics: the
More informationNuclear and Particle Physics 3: Particle Physics. Lecture 1: Introduction to Particle Physics February 5th 2007
Nuclear and Particle Physics 3: Particle Physics Lecture 1: Introduction to Particle Physics February 5th 2007 Particle Physics (PP) a.k.a. High-Energy Physics (HEP) 1 Dr Victoria Martin JCMB room 4405
More informationFYS3510 Subatomic Physics. Exam 2016
FYS3510 Subatomic Physics VS 2015 Farid Ould-Saada Exam 2016 In addition to the items marked in blue, don t forget all examples and related material given in the slides, including the ones presented during
More informationLecture 6:Feynman diagrams and QED
Lecture 6:Feynman diagrams and QED 0 Introduction to current particle physics 1 The Yukawa potential and transition amplitudes 2 Scattering processes and phase space 3 Feynman diagrams and QED 4 The weak
More informationParticle Physics: Problem Sheet 5
2010 Subatomic: Particle Physics 1 Particle Physics: Problem Sheet 5 Weak, electroweak and LHC Physics 1. Draw a quark level Feynman diagram for the decay K + π + π 0. This is a weak decay. K + has strange
More informationSubatomic Physics: Particle Physics Study Guide
Subatomic Physics: Particle Physics Study Guide This is a guide of what to revise for the exam. The other material we covered in the course may appear in uestions but it will always be provided if reuired.
More information2007 Section A of examination problems on Nuclei and Particles
2007 Section A of examination problems on Nuclei and Particles 1 Section A 2 PHYS3002W1 A1. A fossil containing 1 gramme of carbon has a radioactivity of 0.03 disintegrations per second. A living organism
More informationIntroduction to Elementary Particles
David Criffiths Introduction to Elementary Particles Second, Revised Edition WILEY- VCH WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Preface to the First Edition IX Preface to the Second Edition XI Formulas and Constants
More informationMost of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter:
Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter: Very low temperatures, very large numbers of particles, complex systems Æ Condensed Matter Physics Very high temperatures, very large
More informationNeutrino Interactions
Neutrino Interactions Natasja Ybema Nathan Mol Overview EM interaction Fermi s WI Parity violation Lefthandedness of neutrinos V-A interaction Cross sections of elastic scattering Quasi elastic scattering
More informationIntroduction to Elementary Particle Physics I
Physics 56400 Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics I Lecture 16 Fall 018 Semester Prof. Matthew Jones Review of Lecture 15 When we introduced a (classical) electromagnetic field, the Dirac equation
More information129 Lecture Notes More on Dirac Equation
19 Lecture Notes More on Dirac Equation 1 Ultra-relativistic Limit We have solved the Diraction in the Lecture Notes on Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, and saw that the upper lower two components are large
More informationPhysics 4213/5213 Lecture 1
August 28, 2002 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction Physics 4213/5213 Lecture 1 There are four known forces: gravity, electricity and magnetism (E&M), the weak force, and the strong force. Each is responsible
More informationMost of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter:
Most of Modern Physics today is concerned with the extremes of matter: Very low temperatures, very large numbers of particles, complex systems Æ Condensed Matter Physics Very high temperatures, very large
More informationParticle Physics Lecture 1 : Introduction Fall 2015 Seon-Hee Seo
Particle Physics Lecture 1 : Introduction Fall 2015 Seon-Hee Seo Particle Physics Fall 2015 1 Course Overview Lecture 1: Introduction, Decay Rates and Cross Sections Lecture 2: The Dirac Equation and Spin
More informationElectron-positron pairs can be produced from a photon of energy > twice the rest energy of the electron.
Particle Physics Positron - discovered in 1932, same mass as electron, same charge but opposite sign, same spin but magnetic moment is parallel to angular momentum. Electron-positron pairs can be produced
More informationOption 212: UNIT 2 Elementary Particles
Department of Physics and Astronomy Option 212: UNIT 2 Elementary Particles SCHEDULE 26-Jan-15 13.00pm LRB Intro lecture 28-Jan-15 12.00pm LRB Problem solving (2-Feb-15 10.00am E Problem Workshop) 4-Feb-15
More informationFACULTY OF SCIENCE. High Energy Physics. WINTHROP PROFESSOR IAN MCARTHUR and ADJUNCT/PROFESSOR JACKIE DAVIDSON
FACULTY OF SCIENCE High Energy Physics WINTHROP PROFESSOR IAN MCARTHUR and ADJUNCT/PROFESSOR JACKIE DAVIDSON AIM: To explore nature on the smallest length scales we can achieve Current status (10-20 m)
More informationPG lectures- Particle Physics Introduction. C.Lazzeroni
PG lectures- Particle Physics Introduction C.Lazzeroni Outline - Properties and classification of particles and forces - leptons and hadrons - mesons and baryons - forces and bosons - Relativistic kinematics
More informationPARTICLE PHYSICS Major Option
PATICE PHYSICS Major Option Michaelmas Term 00 ichard Batley Handout No 8 QED Maxwell s equations are invariant under the gauge transformation A A A χ where A ( φ, A) and χ χ ( t, x) is the 4-vector potential
More informationThe Standard Model of Electroweak Physics. Christopher T. Hill Head of Theoretical Physics Fermilab
The Standard Model of Electroweak Physics Christopher T. Hill Head of Theoretical Physics Fermilab Lecture I: Incarnations of Symmetry Noether s Theorem is as important to us now as the Pythagorean Theorem
More informationStandard Model of Particle Physics SS 2013
Lecture: Standard Model of Particle Physics Heidelberg SS 2012 Experimental Tests of QED Part 2 1 Overview PART I Cross Sections and QED tests Accelerator Facilities + Experimental Results and Tests PART
More informationParticle Physics. experimental insight. Paula Eerola Division of High Energy Physics 2005 Spring Semester Based on lectures by O. Smirnova spring 2002
experimental insight e + e - W + W - µνqq Paula Eerola Division of High Energy Physics 2005 Spring Semester Based on lectures by O. Smirnova spring 2002 Lund University I. Basic concepts Particle physics
More informationStandard Model of Particle Physics SS 2013
Lecture: Standard Model of Particle Physics Heidelberg SS 23 Weak Interactions I Standard Model of Particle Physics SS 23 ors and Helicity States momentum vector in z direction u R = p, = / 2 u L = p,
More informationFYS 3510 Subatomic physics with applications in astrophysics. Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction
FYS 3510 Subatomic physics with applications in astrophysics Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction, 2nd Edition Professor Brian Martin ISBN: 978-0-470-74275-4
More informationStandard Model of Particle Physics SS 2013
Lecture: Standard Model of Particle Physics Heidelberg SS 13 Registration: https://uebungen.physik.uni-heidelberg.de/v/378 Experimental Tests of QED Part 1 1 Overview PART I Cross Sections and QED tests
More informationSpeculations on extensions of symmetry and interctions to GUT energies Lecture 16
Speculations on extensions of symmetry and interctions to GUT energies Lecture 16 1 Introduction The use of symmetry, as has previously shown, provides insight to extensions of present physics into physics
More informationIntroduction to the Standard Model. 1. e+e- annihilation and QCD. M. E. Peskin PiTP Summer School July 2005
Introduction to the Standard Model 1. e+e- annihilation and QCD M. E. Peskin PiTP Summer School July 2005 In these lectures, I will describe the phenomenology of the Standard Model of particle physics.
More informationStandard Model of Particle Physics SS 2012
Lecture: Standard Model of Particle Physics Heidelberg SS 2012 Experimental Tests of QED Part 2 1 Overview PART I Cross Sections and QED tests Accelerator Facilities + Experimental Results and Tests PART
More informationNuclear and Particle Physics
Nuclear and Particle Physics W. S. С Williams Department of Physics, University of Oxford and St Edmund Hall, Oxford CLARENDON PRESS OXFORD 1991 Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Historical perspective 1 1.2
More informationReview Chap. 18: Particle Physics
Final Exam: Sat. Dec. 18, 2:45-4:45 pm, 1300 Sterling Exam is cumulative, covering all material Review Chap. 18: Particle Physics Particles and fields: a new picture Quarks and leptons: the particle zoo
More informationDiscrete Transformations: Parity
Phy489 Lecture 8 0 Discrete Transformations: Parity Parity operation inverts the sign of all spatial coordinates: Position vector (x, y, z) goes to (-x, -y, -z) (eg P(r) = -r ) Clearly P 2 = I (so eigenvalues
More informationGian Gopal Particle Attributes Quantum Numbers 1
Particle Attributes Quantum Numbers Intro Lecture Quantum numbers (Quantised Attributes subject to conservation laws and hence related to Symmetries) listed NOT explained. Now we cover Electric Charge
More informationParticle Physics. All science is either physics or stamp collecting and this from a 1908 Nobel laureate in Chemistry
Particle Physics JJ Thompson discovered electrons in 1897 Rutherford discovered the atomic nucleus in 1911 and the proton in 1919 (idea of gold foil expt) All science is either physics or stamp collecting
More informationUnits and dimensions
Particles and Fields Particles and Antiparticles Bosons and Fermions Interactions and cross sections The Standard Model Beyond the Standard Model Neutrinos and their oscillations Particle Hierarchy Everyday
More informationLecture 8. CPT theorem and CP violation
Lecture 8 CPT theorem and CP violation We have seen that although both charge conjugation and parity are violated in weak interactions, the combination of the two CP turns left-handed antimuon onto right-handed
More informationFundamental Forces. David Morrissey. Key Concepts, March 15, 2013
Fundamental Forces David Morrissey Key Concepts, March 15, 2013 Not a fundamental force... Also not a fundamental force... What Do We Mean By Fundamental? Example: Electromagnetism (EM) electric forces
More informationParticle Physics WS 2012/13 ( )
Particle Physics WS 2012/13 (6.11.2012) Stephanie Hansmann-Menzemer Physikalisches Institut, INF 226, 3.101 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 Where are we? W fi = 2π 4 LI matrix element M i (2Ei) fi 2 ρ f (E i ) LI phase
More information1 The pion bump in the gamma reay flux
1 The pion bump in the gamma reay flux Calculation of the gamma ray spectrum generated by an hadronic mechanism (that is by π decay). A pion of energy E π generated a flat spectrum between kinematical
More informationFYS3510 Subatomic Physics. Exam 2016
FYS3510 Subatomic Physics VS 2015 Farid Ould-Saada Exam 2016 In addition to the items marked in blue, don t forget all examples and related material given in the slides, including the ones presented during
More information- ~200 times heavier than the e GeV µ travels on average. - does not interact strongly. - does emit bremsstrahlung in
Muons M. Swartz 1 Muons: everything you ve ever wanted to know The muon was first observed in cosmic ray tracks in a cloud chamber by Carl Anderson and Seth Neddermeyer in 1937. It was eventually shown
More informationIntro to Nuclear and Particle Physics (5110)
Intro to Nuclear and Particle Physics (5110) March 23, 2009 From Nuclear to Particle Physics 3/23/2009 1 Nuclear Physics Particle Physics Two fields divided by a common set of tools Theory: fundamental
More informationPart III The Standard Model
Part III The Standard Model Theorems Based on lectures by C. E. Thomas Notes taken by Dexter Chua Lent 2017 These notes are not endorsed by the lecturers, and I have modified them (often significantly)
More informationAn Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics
An Introduction to the Standard Model of Particle Physics W. N. COTTINGHAM and D. A. GREENWOOD Ж CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface. page xiii Notation xv 1 The particle physicist's view of Nature
More informationThe God particle at last? Astronomy Ireland, Oct 8 th, 2012
The God particle at last? Astronomy Ireland, Oct 8 th, 2012 Cormac O Raifeartaigh Waterford Institute of Technology CERN July 4 th 2012 (ATLAS and CMS ) A new particle of mass 125 GeV I The Higgs boson
More informationThe Development of Particle Physics. Dr. Vitaly Kudryavtsev E45, Tel.:
The Development of Particle Physics Dr. Vitaly Kudryavtsev E45, Tel.: 0114 4531 v.kudryavtsev@sheffield.ac.uk The structure of the nucleon Electron - nucleon elastic scattering Rutherford, Mott cross-sections
More informationThe Scale-Symmetric Theory as the Origin of the Standard Model
Copyright 2017 by Sylwester Kornowski All rights reserved The Scale-Symmetric Theory as the Origin of the Standard Model Sylwester Kornowski Abstract: Here we showed that the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST)
More informationParticle Physics (SH/IM)
Particle Physics (SH/IM) Spring Semester 2011 Dr Victoria Martin Lecture Notes Introductory Material 0.1 Organisation Teaching Weeks: 16 January - 17 February; 27 February - 6 April Lectures Tuesday 12:10-13:00
More informationParticle Physics I Lecture Exam Question Sheet
Particle Physics I Lecture Exam Question Sheet Five out of these 16 questions will be given to you at the beginning of the exam. (1) (a) Which are the different fundamental interactions that exist in Nature?
More information1. Introduction. Particle and Nuclear Physics. Dr. Tina Potter. Dr. Tina Potter 1. Introduction 1
1. Introduction Particle and Nuclear Physics Dr. Tina Potter Dr. Tina Potter 1. Introduction 1 In this section... Course content Practical information Matter Forces Dr. Tina Potter 1. Introduction 2 Course
More informationParticle Physics Lectures Outline
Subatomic Physics: Particle Physics Lectures Physics of the Large Hadron Collider (plus something about neutrino physics) 1 Particle Physics Lectures Outline 1 - Introduction The Standard Model of particle
More informationQuantum Field Theory. and the Standard Model. !H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS MATTHEW D. SCHWARTZ. Harvard University
Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model MATTHEW D. Harvard University SCHWARTZ!H Cambridge UNIVERSITY PRESS t Contents v Preface page xv Part I Field theory 1 1 Microscopic theory of radiation 3 1.1
More informationParticle Physics Outline the concepts of particle production and annihilation and apply the conservation laws to these processes.
Particle Physics 12.3.1 Outline the concept of antiparticles and give examples 12.3.2 Outline the concepts of particle production and annihilation and apply the conservation laws to these processes. Every
More informationElementary Particle Physics Glossary. Course organiser: Dr Marcella Bona February 9, 2016
Elementary Particle Physics Glossary Course organiser: Dr Marcella Bona February 9, 2016 1 Contents 1 Terms A-C 5 1.1 Accelerator.............................. 5 1.2 Annihilation..............................
More informationInteractions/Weak Force/Leptons
Interactions/Weak Force/Leptons Quantum Picture of Interactions Yukawa Theory Boson Propagator Feynman Diagrams Electromagnetic Interactions Renormalization and Gauge Invariance Weak and Electroweak Interactions
More informationPhysics 129 LECTURE 6 January 23, Particle Physics Symmetries (Perkins Chapter 3)
Physics 129 LECTURE 6 January 23, 2014 Particle Physics Symmetries (Perkins Chapter 3) n Lagrangian Deductions n Rotations n Parity n Charge Conjugation Gauge Invariance and Charge Conservation The Higgs
More informationPart II Particle and Nuclear Physics Examples Sheet 1
T. Potter Lent/Easter Terms 2017 Part II Particle and Nuclear Physics Examples Sheet 1 Matter and Forces 1. (A) Explain the meaning of the terms quark, lepton, hadron, nucleus and boson as used in the
More informationName : Physics 490. Practice Final (closed book; calculator, one notecard OK)
Name : Physics 490. Practice Final (closed book; calculator, one notecard OK) Problem I: (a) Give an example of experimental evidence that the partons in the nucleon (i) are fractionally charged. How can
More informationIntroduction to Neutrino Physics. TRAN Minh Tâm
Introduction to Neutrino Physics TRAN Minh Tâm LPHE/IPEP/SB/EPFL This first lecture is a phenomenological introduction to the following lessons which will go into details of the most recent experimental
More informationChapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Fundamental Forces Particle physics is concerned with the fundamental constituents of matter and the fundamental forces through which the fundamental constituents interact among
More informationA first trip to the world of particle physics
A first trip to the world of particle physics Itinerary Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 1 Massimo Passera Padova - 13/03/2013 2 The 4 fundamental interactions! Electromagnetic! Weak! Strong! Gravitational
More informationQuantum Field Theory 2 nd Edition
Quantum Field Theory 2 nd Edition FRANZ MANDL and GRAHAM SHAW School of Physics & Astromony, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK WILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication Contents Preface
More informationSECOND PUBLIC EXAMINATION. Honour School of Physics Part C: 4 Year Course. Honour School of Physics and Philosophy Part C C4: PARTICLE PHYSICS
A047W SECOND PUBLIC EXAMINATION Honour School of Physics Part C: 4 Year Course Honour School of Physics and Philosophy Part C C4: PARTICLE PHYSICS TRINITY TERM 05 Thursday, 8 June,.30 pm 5.45 pm 5 minutes
More informationDeep Inelastic Scattering in Lepton-Hadron Collisions Probing the Parton Structure of the Nucleon with Leptons Basic Formalism (indep.
Deep Inelastic Scattering in Lepton-Hadron Collisions Probing the Parton Structure of the Nucleon with Leptons Basic Formalism (indep. of strong dynamics and parton picture) Experimental Development Fixed
More informationParticle Physics Dr M.A. Thomson Part II, Lent Term 2004 HANDOUT V
Particle Physics Dr M.A. Thomson (ifl μ @ μ m)ψ = Part II, Lent Term 24 HANDOUT V Dr M.A. Thomson Lent 24 2 Spin, Helicity and the Dirac Equation Upto this point we have taken a hands-off approach to spin.
More informationSearch for a Z at an e + e - Collider Thomas Walker
Search for a Z at an e + e - Collider Thomas Walker Significance: Many theories predict that another neutral gauge boson (Z ) may exist. In order to detect this Z, I would use an e + e - linear collider
More informationFundamental Particles and Forces
Fundamental Particles and Forces A Look at the Standard Model and Interesting Theories André Gras PHYS 3305 SMU 1 Overview Introduction to Fundamental Particles and Forces Brief History of Discovery The
More informationThe God particle at last? Science Week, Nov 15 th, 2012
The God particle at last? Science Week, Nov 15 th, 2012 Cormac O Raifeartaigh Waterford Institute of Technology CERN July 4 th 2012 (ATLAS and CMS ) A new particle of mass 125 GeV Why is the Higgs particle
More informationIntroduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
Introduction to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Jianwei Qiu Theory Center, Jefferson Lab May 29 June 15, 2018 Lecture One The plan for my four lectures q The Goal: To understand the strong interaction dynamics
More informationLecture 3: Quarks and Symmetry in Quarks
Lecture 3: Quarks and Symmetry in Quarks Quarks Cross Section, Fermions & Bosons, Wave Eqs. Symmetry: Rotation, Isospin (I), Parity (P), Charge Conjugate (C), SU(3), Gauge symmetry Conservation Laws: http://faculty.physics.tamu.edu/kamon/teaching/phys627/
More informationThe Standard Model (part I)
The Standard Model (part I) Speaker Jens Kunstmann Student of Physics in 5 th year at Greifswald University, Germany Location Sommerakademie der Studienstiftung, Kreisau 2002 Topics Introduction The fundamental
More informationPhysics 231a Problem Set Number 1 Due Wednesday, October 6, 2004
Physics 231a Problem Set Number 1 Due Wednesday, October 6, 2004 Note: Some problems may be review for some of you. If the material of the problem is already well-known to you, such that doing the problem
More informationElectroweak Theory: 2
Electroweak Theory: 2 Introduction QED The Fermi theory The standard model Precision tests CP violation; K and B systems Higgs physics Prospectus STIAS (January, 2011) Paul Langacker (IAS) 31 References
More informationOverview of Elementary Particle Physics
Overview of Elementary Particle Physics Michael Gold Physics 330 May 3, 2006 Overview of Elementary Particle Physics Rutherford e p elastic elastic scattering e p inelastic scattering zeus Parton model
More informationFinding the Higgs boson
Finding the Higgs boson Sally Dawson, BN XIII Mexican School of Particles and Fields ecture 1, Oct, 008 Properties of the Higgs boson Higgs production at the Tevatron and HC Discovery vs spectroscopy Collider
More information