2014 DEVEX Conferences, Aberdeen, May 6 th 2014 Morteza Akbari. 6 th and 7 th May Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights. Reserved.

Transcription

1 6 th and 7 th May Analyzing the Correlations in Generalization of the Reservoir Information in a Well Completion Design Optimization using ICD s along the Horizontal section of a Wellbore 2014 DEVEX Conferences, Aberdeen, May 6 th 2014 Morteza Akbari B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED. A LL R I G H TS R E S E R V E D. TERMS A N D C O N D I TI O N S O F U S E : B Y A C C E P TI N G THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT A G R E E S THAT THE DOCUMENT TOGETHER W I TH A LL I N FORMATI O N I N C LUDED THEREIN I S THE C O N FI D E N TI A L A N D P R O P R I E TARY PROPERTY OF B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED AND INCLUDES VALUABLE TRADE SECRETS AND/OR PROPRIETARY INF ORMA TI O N O F B A K E R H U G H E S (C O LLECTI V E LY "I N FORMATI O N "). B A K E R H U G H E S R E TAINS A LL R I G H TS U N D E R C O P Y R I G H T LAW S A N D TRADE SECRET LAW S O F THE U N I TED STATES OF A M E R I C A A N D O THER COUNTRIES. THE RECIPIENT FURTHER A G R E E S TH A T THE D O C U M E N T M A Y N O T B E D I S TRIBUTED, TRANSMITTED, C O P I E D O R R E P R O D U C E D I N W H O LE O R I N P A R T B Y A N Y M E A N S, E LECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, O R O THERWISE, W I THOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN C O N S E N T O F B A K E R H U G H E S, A N D M A Y N O T B E U S E D D I R E C TLY O R I N D I R E C TLY IN A N Y W A Y D E TRIMENTAL TO BAKER HUGHES INTEREST.

2 Introduction EQUALIZER TM Operating Envelope EQUALIZER TM Technology Portfolio EQUALIZER TM Design & Diagnostics Overview EQUALIZER TM Flow Performance Characteristics EQUALIZER TM Applications Key technical factors that are affecting the horizontal well completions Determining the potential actions to be taken in order to improve the influx and therefore maximize the benefits of horizontal wells. Analyzing horizontal wells applications using a reservoir simulator in order to understand the well completion effects on the reservoir behavior. 2

3 Why do we need Flow Control Devices? U N E V E N P R O D U C T I O N Optimum Deliverability 3 Barrier

4 Challenges facing production from long horizontal wells Uneven pressure drawdown along the wellbore due to long horizontal section (heel to toe effect) Permeability heterogeneity along open hole section Different mobility ratios of oil, gas and water Reservoir pressure difference along open hole section 4

5 Baker Hughes as an Industry Leader in ICD Installations EQUALIZER Technology Enhanced hydrocarbon recovery by delaying the onset of water or gas breakthrough by equalizing inflow along the length of a long horizontal lateral section. Field Proven Over 3 million feet installed in sand control and non-sand control applications + 60,000 ICD Joints Downhole miles wells world wide: Norway, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, China, Russia, Indonesia, India, UAE, etc. 5

6 EQUALIZER TM Operating Envelope B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED. A LL R I G H TS R E S E R V E D. TERMS A N D C O N D I TI O N S O F U S E : B Y A C C E P TI N G THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT A G R E E S THAT THE DOCUMENT TOGETHER W I TH A LL I N FORMATI O N I N C LUDED THEREIN I S THE C O N FI D E N TI A L A N D P R O P R I E TARY PROPERTY OF B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED AND INCLUDES VALUABLE TRADE SECRETS AND/OR PROPRIETARY INF ORMA TI O N O F B A K E R H U G H E S (C O LLECTI V E LY "I N FORMATI O N "). B A K E R H U G H E S R E TAINS A LL R I G H TS U N D E R C O P Y R I G H T LAW S A N D TRADE SECRET LAW S O F THE U N I TED STATES OF A M E R I C A A N D O THER COUNTRIES. THE RECIPIENT FURTHER A G R E E S TH A T THE D O C U M E N T M A Y N O T B E D I S TRIBUTED, TRANSMITTED, C O P I E D O R R E P R O D U C E D I N W H O LE O R I N P A R T B Y A N Y M E A N S, E LECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, O R O THERWISE, W I THOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN C O N S E N T O F B A K E R H U G H E S, A N D M A Y N O T B E U S E D D I R E C TLY O R I N D I R E C TLY IN A N Y W A Y D E TRIMENTAL TO BAKER HUGHES INTEREST.

7 Uneven Production from a Horizontal Lateral ΔP 1 ΔP 2 Sections of the lateral are favored for production due to the influence of: Frictional pressure drop in the completion string Variations in K v and K h along the wellbore Variations in fluid composition and mobility Non-uniform reservoir pressure along the lateral length 7

8 Physical phenomena in Horizontal Well The Challenge: Water / Gas / Steam Breakthrough 8

9 EQUALIZER TM Technology Portfolio B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED. A LL R I G H TS R E S E R V E D. TERMS A N D C O N D I TI O N S O F U S E : B Y A C C E P TI N G THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT A G R E E S THAT THE DOCUMENT TOGETHER W I TH A LL I N FORMATI O N I N C LUDED THEREIN I S THE C O N FI D E N TI A L A N D P R O P R I E TARY PROPERTY OF B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED AND INCLUDES VALUABLE TRADE SECRETS AND/OR PROPRIETARY INF ORMA TI O N O F B A K E R H U G H E S (C O LLECTI V E LY "I N FORMATI O N "). B A K E R H U G H E S R E TAINS A LL R I G H TS U N D E R C O P Y R I G H T LAW S A N D TRADE SECRET LAW S O F THE U N I TED STATES OF A M E R I C A A N D O THER COUNTRIES. THE RECIPIENT FURTHER A G R E E S TH A T THE D O C U M E N T M A Y N O T B E D I S TRIBUTED, TRANSMITTED, C O P I E D O R R E P R O D U C E D I N W H O LE O R I N P A R T B Y A N Y M E A N S, E LECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, O R O THERWISE, W I THOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN C O N S E N T O F B A K E R H U G H E S, A N D M A Y N O T B E U S E D D I R E C TLY O R I N D I R E C TLY IN A N Y W A Y D E TRIMENTAL TO BAKER HUGHES INTEREST.

10 EQUALIZER Technology Portfolio Sand Control Screen Type Non-Sand Control (Consolidated Formation) BakerWeld Jacketed Sand Screen EQUALIZER-CF Excluder2000 Premium Mesh Screen BakerWrap Wrap-on-Pipe Screen ICD (Inflow Control Device) EQUALIZER HELIX EQAULIZER Select Accessories RE Packer (Reactive Element) MPas Packer MTV (Multi Tasking Valve) Sliding Sleeve 10

11 Types of Flow Control Devices Frictional Geometry Big flow area, low velocity, viscosity sensitive P = 128μLQ πd 4 μq Restriction Geometry Small flow area, high velocity, partially viscosity insensitive P = ρ 2 Q A 2 ρq 2 Autonomous Geometry 11 Varies; big flow area, low velocity, viscosity insensitive P a 2 Re b 2 + a 1Re b 1 + a 2 Re b Re t c d

12 PICD Geometry Types EQUALIZER HELIX: Helical-channel PICD design creates the desired flowing pressure loss via friction as fluid passes through the channel(s). EQUALIZER SELECT: Field-adjustable version of the hybrid ICD. The desired flow restriction setting is controlled by selection of the quadrant which is open for flow. 12

13 Visualizing the Flow Path Equalizer HELIX Equalizer SELECT 13

14 What Do We Design For? No plugging over the life of the well Minimal or no erosion Sufficient pressure drop to equalize flow over well life Greater economic efficiency 14

15 Decision Making Process Determine the need for Sand Control Establish Minimum Number of Flow Control Devices using Critical Velocity Determine Screen/Barrier Length Establish Maximum Number of Devices using Performance Curves Determine Packer Number and Placement Model Performance over the Life of the Well 15

16 The Need for Modeling 16

17 ICD completion design requires careful modeling of several parameters including: Fluid saturations Variations in fluid properties Reservoir pressure Production drawdown Flow rates at the sand face and into the completion Variances in permeability along length of the wellbore Maximum flow rate per joint to not exceed the erosion velocity Minimum flow rate per joint to promote flow control Minimum pressure drop through the completion to control the reservoir fluids Effect of compartmentalization of the pay zone 17

18 Compartmentalization in ICD completions Heterogeneity and ICD completion design 18

19 EQUALIZER TM Flow Performance Characteristics B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED. A LL R I G H TS R E S E R V E D. TERMS A N D C O N D I TI O N S O F U S E : B Y A C C E P TI N G THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT A G R E E S THAT THE DOCUMENT TOGETHER W I TH A LL I N FORMATI O N I N C LUDED THEREIN I S THE C O N FI D E N TI A L A N D P R O P R I E TARY PROPERTY OF B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED AND INCLUDES VALUABLE TRADE SECRETS AND/OR PROPRIETARY INF ORMA TI O N O F B A K E R H U G H E S (C O LLECTI V E LY "I N FORMATI O N "). B A K E R H U G H E S R E TAINS A LL R I G H TS U N D E R C O P Y R I G H T LAW S A N D TRADE SECRET LAW S O F THE U N I TED STATES OF A M E R I C A A N D O THER COUNTRIES. THE RECIPIENT FURTHER A G R E E S TH A T THE D O C U M E N T M A Y N O T B E D I S TRIBUTED, TRANSMITTED, C O P I E D O R R E P R O D U C E D I N W H O LE O R I N P A R T B Y A N Y M E A N S, E LECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, O R O THERWISE, W I THOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN C O N S E N T O F B A K E R H U G H E S, A N D M A Y N O T B E U S E D D I R E C TLY O R I N D I R E C TLY IN A N Y W A Y D E TRIMENTAL TO BAKER HUGHES INTEREST.

20 Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Appropriate ICD type selection based on anticipated flow characteristics The reservoir fluid type would determine which flow performance characteristic must be used c l liq liq c liq l liq c liq l liq g A q p K A g q K p g v K p Re l sl l c l liq liq V d g A q p K (Re) f K

21 Adjustable Hybrid Design Flow Performance Characteristic 21

22 Low flow velocity design and high flow area to avoid erosion & plugging issues 22

23 The Flow Resistance Rating impact on the flow performance 23

24 EQUALIZER TM Applications B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED. A LL R I G H TS R E S E R V E D. TERMS A N D C O N D I TI O N S O F U S E : B Y A C C E P TI N G THIS DOCUMENT, THE RECIPIENT A G R E E S THAT THE DOCUMENT TOGETHER W I TH A LL I N FORMATI O N I N C LUDED THEREIN I S THE C O N FI D E N TI A L A N D P R O P R I E TARY PROPERTY OF B A K E R H U G H E S I N C O R P O R A TED AND INCLUDES VALUABLE TRADE SECRETS AND/OR PROPRIETARY INF ORMA TI O N O F B A K E R H U G H E S (C O LLECTI V E LY "I N FORMATI O N "). B A K E R H U G H E S R E TAINS A LL R I G H TS U N D E R C O P Y R I G H T LAW S A N D TRADE SECRET LAW S O F THE U N I TED STATES OF A M E R I C A A N D O THER COUNTRIES. THE RECIPIENT FURTHER A G R E E S TH A T THE D O C U M E N T M A Y N O T B E D I S TRIBUTED, TRANSMITTED, C O P I E D O R R E P R O D U C E D I N W H O LE O R I N P A R T B Y A N Y M E A N S, E LECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, O R O THERWISE, W I THOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN C O N S E N T O F B A K E R H U G H E S, A N D M A Y N O T B E U S E D D I R E C TLY O R I N D I R E C TLY IN A N Y W A Y D E TRIMENTAL TO BAKER HUGHES INTEREST.

25 A Variety of Applications Reservoir type: sandstone & carbonate Well Type: producer & injector & storage wells Fluid Type: oil & gas Completion type: Standalone or Gravel pack Single or Multi lateral Well Deviation: horizontal or vertical (long interval thickness and high permeability contrast) SAGD 25

26 Single lateral Sandstone Water Control ICD Controlling water in Oil producer in a sandstone formation 26

27 Single lateral Sandstone Water/Gas Control ICD controlling water and gas in Oil producer PICD Standard Screen 1600 horizontal PICD Standard Screen 6400 horizontal PICD 3200 horizontal Standard Screen PICD Standard Screen 27

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30 Questions??? 30