Canadian Bakken IOR/CO 2 Pilot Projects

Transcription

1 Canadian Bakken IOR/CO 2 Pilot Projects Richard Baker, Leon De Villiers, Crystal Lok, Tim Stephenson Baker Hughes Presented at the 20 th Annual CO 2 Flooding Conference December 11-12, 2014 Midland, Texas

2 Executive Summary 1) Waterflooding has had a lot of success very low permeability situations with multifrac horizontal injectors 2) A Gas (CO 2 ) flooding pilot was successful in very low permeability reservoir (k air ~0.1md) 3) Both waterflooding and CO 2 flooding is influenced by flooding induced fractures

3 Executive Summary 4) Injectivity behavior indicates waterflood induced fractures and natural fractures 5) Flooding success depends upon Matrix permeability Dispersion of water or CO 2 injection Imbibition Induced fracture length Level of pressure depletion

4 outline Executive Summary Objective Field Cases (public data only) CO 2 flooding in low permeability rock ~ 0.13mD with horizontal wells Waterfloods in low permeability rock K a max <0.06 md with hz multifract wells (Viewfield Bakken) Why are the waterflood and CO 2 floods successful? Conclusions

5 Sinclair/Viewfield waterfloods +CO 2 Classification of reservoir type by absolute permeability. From Golan (1991). Arrow drawn by RB Permeability Classification Permeability (md) Very low < 0.01 Low Average High Very high > 10000

6 Mobility, a Critical Driving Parameter Range of most miscible Floods assuming cp Baker Hughes Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Mobility Mobility (md/cp) Permeability/ Viscosity of oil Is it possible to gas flood this area? μ oil ~ 0.3cp Permeability (md) permeability Gas Shale McClure Shale Bakken Ti ght Oil Conventional Gas Tight Gas Tight Oil Antelope Shale Conventional Oil McDonald Shale CO2 (0.3 cp) CO2 (10 cp) 6

7 Resource Pyramid

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9 Viewfield (Bakken) Daly Sinclair field (Three forks) Canada USA From; BAKKEN%20SHALE%20Search&utm_term=+bakken%20+oil%20field%20map

10 Bakken Formation 9,723 Wells in the Bakken Formation 320 new injectors since January of the new injectors are in the tight 148 of the Bakken new water area injectors highlighted are in the tight Bakken area highlighted started injection since 2011

11 New Horizontal Mulitfractured Wells; Red Highlighted Wells are Injectors Weyburn/Estevan: Viewfield Bakken Pool Daly Sinclair: Bakken-Torquay B Pool 148 new water injectors are in the tight Bakken area highlighted started injection since ,723 Wells in the Bakken Formation

12 Waterfloods in low permeability rock with hz multifract wells CO 2 flood with Horizontal CO 2 injector DALY SINCLAIR FIELD

13 >200 hz multifrac wells 6 miles ~400 m or yards between wells North

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15 Core description Interbedded siltstone and shale, massive shale and occasionally Brecciated; most rock permeability K ave ~0.1 md, Kmax~30md in streaks oil-water capillary transition zone which results in a mobile water saturation and free water production

16 16 Reservoir Parameters Daly Field (Sinclair) reference source Manitoba Govt Reservoir Properties (Three-Forks-Formation) Pb (kpa) 1920 GOR (sm3/sm3) 6.4 Permeability (md) Upper Three Forks Lower Three Forks Porosity (fraction) Upper Three Forks Lower Three Forks Density (API) 42.6 Bo (sm3/sm3) Viso (cp) Gas gravity 0.88 Swi (%) 29 Sor (%) 31 Air permeability K air ave =0.13 K max ~ 30 md streaks Ultimate primary recovery~13% from

17 Map of CO 2 pilot area 3 miles ~300 M spacing 4 miles Core hole

18 Waterflood Response Unit 1 minus CO 2 pilot area Waterflood injectors are hz hydraulically fractured ~300 M spacing Great waterflood response in low permeability rock Low produced Water volumes

19 World Stress Map Stress trend

20 Orientation of Induced Hydraulitc Fractures and Stress field

21 Schematic Picture of Horizontal muli-frac well in East West orientation with stress field in NE+SW trend ` East West hz well Intersecting Fractures In NE-SW orientation

22 Waterflood Response Unit 1 minus CO 2 pilot area Waterflood injectors are hz hydraulically fractured Great waterflood response in low permeability rock Low produced Water volumes

23 Vertical Injector vs. Horizontal Injector

24 Field Development 06/ / / / / /2014 CO2 production or injection Oil producing well Water injection well

25 Horizontal Injector Both CO2 and Water Horizontal CO 2 injector starts

26 CO 2 Project areas Nominal Pilot Area Project Area

27 Highlighted Area Production (CO2 injection and surrounding production) Horizontal water injector starts Horizontal CO 2 injector starts

28 Highlighted Area Production (CO2 injection and surrounding production)

29 CO 2 Produced and Retention CO2 INJECTION AND % PRODUCTION VS TIME CO2 INJECTED CO2 PRODUCED CUMULATIVE CO2 PRODUCED CO 2 (MCF/DAY) TIME CUM CO 2 PRODUCED (%)

30 Vertical Injector vs. Horizontal Injector

31 Vertical Well Vertical Well Horizontal Well Simple planar fracture system Very high permeability fracture Complex fracture system Substantial pressure drop within fracture system Cross fractures Pressure/rate dependent

32 Conclusions 1.Low permeability waterfloods with injectors with hydraulic fractures are increasing reserves 2.Low permeability CO 2 floods have had some success increasing reserves 3.Managing the fracture system and the matrix flow is key