Chapter 5: Properties of Solutions

Transcription

1 hapter 5: rperties Slutis 1. Wax is a slid ixture hydrcar cpuds csistig lecules with lg chais car ats. Which slvet wuld yu expect t e st capale disslvig wax? N-plar will disslve i plar slvet a. HOH. H 3 OH c. F 3 OH d. HOH 2 H 2 OH * e. H 3 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 3 2. Which the llwig will always cause a icrease i the sluility a gas i a slvet i which the gas des t react with the slvet t r a ew sustace? a. icreasig the teperature the slvet ad siultaeusly decreasig the pressure the gas i the space ave the slvet. *. decreasig the teperature the slvet ad siultaeusly icreasig the pressure the gas i the space ave the slvet. c. icreasig the teperature the slvet ad siultaeusly icreasig the pressure the gas i the space ave the slvet. d. decreasig the teperature the slvet ad siultaeusly decreasig the pressure the gas i the space ave the slvet. e. icreasig the teperature the slvet while aitaiig the pressure the gas i the space ave the slvet at a set value. 3. Durig ssis: * a. pure slvet passes thrugh a erae ut s d t.. pure passes thrugh a erae ut slvet des t. c. pure slvet ves i e directi thrugh the erae while the sluti ves thrugh the erae i the ther directi. d. pure slvet ves i e directi thrugh the erae while the ves thrugh the erae i the ther directi. e. pure ves i e directi thrugh the erae while the sluti ves thrugh the erae i the ther directi. 4. The sluility O 2 i water is apprxiately g L -1 whe the teperature is 25.0 ad the partial pressure gaseus xyge is 760 trr. What will the sluility xyge e i the xyge pressure is adjusted t 1000 trr? 1

2 a g L g L -1 c g L -1 d x 10 3 g L -1 e x 10 3 g L -1 1 = g L -1, 1 = 760 trr 2 =? g L -1, 2 = 1000 trr x = g L Whe a such as sugar is disslved i a slvet like water, e the served eects is: * a. a decrease i the vapr pressure the slvet.. a icrease i the vapr pressure the. c. a icrease i the reezig pit the liquid. d. a decrease i the ilig pit the liquid. 6. t 23.0, the vapr pressure acetitrile, H 3 N, is 81.0 trr while that acete, 3 H 6 O, is trr. What is the vapr pressure a sluti which ctais les acetitrile ad les acete? ssue the ixture ehaves as a ideal sluti. a. 109 trr. 121 trr c. 130 trr d. 144 trr e. 239 trr cetitrile=, acete= th are vlatile = 81 trr, = trr, = le, = le t =?= + t = X + X = x81 x trr 7. very dilute sluti ctais 116 g ructse lar ass = g l -1 i liter sluti. It is placed i a stic erae ladder, which is the suspeded i pure water. What stic pressure wuld develp acrss the erae i the teperature is 26.0? a trr trr c. 151 trr d. 475 trr e trr = 116 g = g = g l -1 V=1 L T= =299 V Π = M R T =. RT x0.082x299 RT atx trr. V x1 8. t 28.0, the vapr pressure -prpyl ercapta, 3 H 7 SH, is 175 trr, while that acetitrile, H 3 N, is 102 trr. What is the vapr pressure, at 28.0, a sluti ade y ixig g 3 H 7 SH ad g H 3 N, i Rault's Law is eyed? 2

3 a trr. 128 trr c. 139 trr d. 149 trr e. 277 trr cetitrile= =41 g/l, -prpyl ercapta = =76 g/l th are vlatile = 102 trr, = 175 trr, = 100 g, = 100 g t =?= + t = X + X = x x trr lecular with a lar ass 50.0 g l -1 is disslved i 500 g water ad the resultig sluti has a ilig pit Hw ay gras were i the sluti? = a. 30. gras = 50 g/l, slvet = 500 g, T = , =? g, = gras T = T - T c. 100 gras d. 125 gras e. 150 gras T. a c d e slvet slvet x x x50x0.5 75g 0.51 slvet 10. sluti ctais 221 g glycerl 3 H 8 O 3 i 600 gras water. The is ad is What shuld the ilig pit the sluti e? = 92 g/l, slvet = 600 g, = 221 g, slvet = 600 g = , = , T = 100 T = T + T T slvet 221 x x0.6 0 T = T + T = = slvet 3

4 11. sluti, which was ade y disslvig g a electrlyte i 500 g water, exhiits a reezig pit What is the lecular weight this electrlyte cpud? Fr water, is ad is a g l g l -1 c. 115 g l -1 d. 124 g l -1 e. 231 g l -1 =? g/l, slvet = 500 g, = g, = , = , T = T T = T - T = = slvet slvet xt 62.07x x1.86 = 124 g/l slvet 12. Hw ay les the electrlyte, prpylee glycl 3 H 8 O 2 shuld e disslved i g water t prepare a sluti whse reezig pit is -3.72? Fr water, is ad is a les les c les d les e les = 92 g/l, slvet = 800 g, =? l, = , = , T = T T = T - T = = 3.72 slvet slvet kg x T 0.8X Hw ay gras glycerl 3 H 8 O 3, a electrlyte shuld e disslved i 600 g water t prepare a sluti whse reezig pit is -4.65? Fr water, is ad is a gras gras c. 138 gras d. 384 gras e. 478 gras = 92 g/l, =?g, slvet = 600 g = , = , T = T = T - T = =

5 T x x x92x g 1.86 slvet. slvet 14. t 28.0, the vapr pressure -prpyl ercapta, 3 H 7 SH, is 175 trr, while that acetitrile, H 3 N, is 102 trr. What is the vapr pressure, at 28.0, a sluti ade y ixig 80.0 g 3 H 7 SH ad g H 3 N, i Rault's Law is eyed? a. 121 trr. 131 trr c. 139 trr d. 146 trr e. 156 trr cetitrile= = 41 g/l, -prpyl ercapta = =76 g/l th are vlatile = 102 trr, = 175 trr, = 120 g, = 80 g t =?= + t = X + X = x x = 121 trr What is the expected reezig pit a sluti that ctais 25.0 g ructse, 6 H 12 O 6, i g H 2 O? Fr water, = a c d e = 180 g/l, slvet = 250 g, = 25 g, = , = , T = 0 T slvet 25 x x T = T + T. slvet T = T - T = =

6 16. ure cyclhexae, 6 H 12, has a reezig pit Its reezig pit depressi cstat is: = sluti was ade y takig g a ukw electrlyte ad disslvig it i g cyclhexae. The easured reezig pit the sluti was alculate the lecular weight the ukw sustace. a.61.8 g l g l -1 c.229 g l -1 d.578 g l -1 e.1099 g l -1 =? g/l, slvet = 150 g, = g, = , T 0 = 6.53, T = T = T - T = = T x slvet x = x 20 / 0.15 x = g/l. slvet 17. Which prperty a sluti is t a clligative prperty? * a. sluility a. reezig pit depressi c. ilig pit elevati d. stic pressure e. vapr pressure lwerig 18. ure ezee, 6 H 6, has a reezig pit Its reezig pit depressi cstat is: = sluti was ade y takig g a ukw electrlyte ad disslvig it i g ezee. The easured reezig pit the sluti was alculate the lecular weight the ukw sustace. a. 138 g l g l -1 c. 258 g l -1 d. 272 g l -1 e. 595 g l -1 =? g/l, slvet =125.0 g, = g, = , T = 5.45, T = T T = T - T = = 7.1. slvet slvet xt 24.2x x7.1 = 138 g/l slvet 6