O C S polar - greater force. H polar greater force. H polar. polar H-bond

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1 hapter 10 : 29, 30, 31, 33, 36, 40, 46, 48, 50, 72, 87, 91, 93, a. Lndn e. Lndn b. diple-diple f. diple-diple c. -bnding g. in-in d. in-in 30. a. in-in e. -bnding b. Lndn f. diple-diple c. Lndn g. Lndn d. diple-diple 31. a. nnplar S plar - greater frce b. plar - greater EN plar smaller EN c N 2 N N 2 Bth can -bnd, but N N 2 has twice as many. c. nnplar plar greater frce c. plar -bnd plar 33. a. Lking at the mlecules in three dimensins (belw), nepentane lks mre spherical. A sphere has a minimum surface area. The Lndn frces n these nnplar mlecules perate at the surface. Mre surface area (n-pentane) means mre Lndn frces. Mre Lndn frces means higher biling pint.

2 b. Ethanl can -bnd (-). Dimethyl ether is plar, but -bnding is strnger. c. F can -bnd. d. Lil is inic, in-in frces are the largest. e. n-pentane has mre surface area and mre electrns s its Lndn frces are greater than n-prpane. f. Dimethyl ether is plar; diple-diple frces strnger than Lndn. 36. a. All are nnplar with the same shape (fr example). Lndn frces are the dminate. The depend n the number f electrns. Br 4 has 146, cmpared with 42 in F 4 and 74 in l 4. Br 4 is the highest biling pint. b. LiF is inic, l 2 is nnplar and Br is plar. The Lndn frces f l 2 are the weakest, giving it the lwest freezing pint. c. 3 3 is plar, 3 2 can -bnd and is nnplar. The -bnd in 3 2 is the strngest making it mre difficult fr the mlecules t g int the vapr phase. d. F and 2 2 can -bnd. 2 S is just plar. 2 2 can -bnd thrugh mre X- bnds, therefre the -bnd is strngest in 2 2. Intermlecular frces resist flw, s 2 2 is the mst viscus. e. 2 is plar, 3 3 and 4 are nnplar, with 4 having fewer electrns. eat f vaprizatin ges alng with strength f intermlecular frces. 2 has diple-diple frces, s it wuld have the greatest heat f vaprizatin. f. I 2 is nnplar, sbr and a are inic, but the lattice energy in a is greater (2+, 2- ins, versus 1+, 1- ins). I 2 is the weakest intermlecular frce; easiest t melt; smallest enthalpy f fusin.

3 40. All are nnplar mlecules. The magnitude f the Lndn frces depends n the number f electrns. 2 has 22, S 2 38 and Se 2 has 74 e In a face-centered cubic, 2a 3 r = and a = V g Ni 1 mle Ni 4 atms Ni 1 cm x x x x 10 atms Ni 23 1 mle Ni 1 unit cell 6.84 g Ni 3 = x cm 3 /uc = vlume f the unit cell. a = x 10 cm = x 10 cm r = 2a 2 (3.848 x 10 cm) -8 = = 1.36 x 10 cm = 136 pm Need t find the frmula weight (FW) f the metal (4.09 x 10 cm) 10.5 g X 1 unit cell x 10 atms X x x x 3 1 unit cell 4 atms X 1 mle X 1 cm = 108 g/mle The metal with a FW clse t 108 is Ag ( g/mle). 50. Density = mass f unit cell/vlume f unit cell Mass f unit cell = g Ba x 1 mle Ba x 2 atms Ba 23 1 mle Ba x 10 atms Ba 1 unit cell = x g/unit cell Vlume f unit cell = a 3 ; 4r 4 (2.22 x 10 cm) a = = = x 10 cm 3 3 a 3 = (5.127 x 10-8 cm) 3 = x cm 3 /unit cell Density = x 10 g/unit cell x 10 cm /unit cell = 3.38 g/cm 3

4 72. a. Diamnd, netwrk (cvalent) b. P 3, mlecular slid c. 2, mlecular slid d. Mg, metallic e. Kl, inic slid f. Quartz, netwrk (cvalent) g. N 4 N 3, inic slid h. SF 2, mlecular slid i. Ar, atmic slid j. u, metallic k , mlecular slid 87. It is useful t sketch the heating curve: 1. eat ice 2. Melt ice 3. eat water 4. Bil water 5. eat steam = kg x x x 0 ( 20 ) 1. q ms T = = 21,000 J 1000 g 2.1 J 1 kg g ( ) 2. fusin = 6.02 kj 1000 J 1000 g ice 1 mle ice x x kg ice x x 1 mle ice 1 kj 1 kg ice g ice = 167,083 J 3. q ms T = 1000 g 4.2 J = kg x x x ( ) = 210,000 J 1 kg g

5 4. vap = 40.7 kj 1000 J 1000 g 1 mle x x kg x x 1 mle water 1 kj 1 kg g = 1,129,614 J 5. q ms T = 1000 g 2.0 J = kg x x x ( ) = 150,000 J 1 kg g q ttal = 21,000 J + 167,083 J + 210,000 J + 1,129,614 J + 150,000 J = J = 1700 kj 91. Lking at the phase diagram: A B D E F G Slid Liquid Gas (Vapr) Slid/Liquid equilibrium Slid/Liquid/Gas (vapr) equilibrium Liquid/Gas (Vapr) equilibrium Liquid/Gas (Vapr) equilibrium Supercritical Fluid Triple Pint E ritical Pint G Nrmal Melting and Biling Pints are indicated n the diagram. igh pressure favrs the mre dense phase. Since the melting pint line slpes t the right, high pressure favrs the slid phase, which is the mst dense.

6 93. a. Tw (2) triple pints. b. igh pressure triple pint: diamnd/graphite/liquid Lw pressure triple pint: graphite/liquid/gas (vapr) c. Transitin t diamnd. d. igh pressure favrs the mre dense phase: diamnd 110. Methyl salicylate can -bnd intramlecularly. This means it will nt -bnd t anther methyl salicylate in the liquid phase. Methyl 4-hydrxybenzate can (and des) -bnd intermlecularly in the liquid phase. The dashed line belw is the -bnd. 3

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