Future Directions for Nuclear Theory INT
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1 Future Directions for Nuclear Theory INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
2 What are some of the big advances in physics of recent years? INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
3 DISCOVERY OF NEUTRINO MASSES Major input from Nuclear Physics: SNO, KAMLAND, LSND, SAGE, GALLEX... s -1 ) 6 cm -2 (10! µ" SNO! ES SNO! CC SNO! NC! SSM (10! e -2 cm -1 s ) INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
4 COMPOSITION OF THE COSMOS INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
5 COMPOSITION OF THE COSMOS Precision cosmology support for Big Bang theory of structure formation; precision measurement of cosmological parameters, including dark matter & dark energy densities; support for Inflationary theory for structure formation INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
6 COMPOSITION OF THE COSMOS Precision cosmology support for Big Bang theory of structure formation; precision measurement of cosmological parameters, including dark matter & dark energy densities; support for Inflationary theory for structure formation Input from Nuclear Physics: ongoing studies of Type Ia supernovae neutrino masses INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
7 MANIPULATING ATOMS Bose-Einstein condensation Nanoscience INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
8 MANIPULATING ATOMS from Nuclear Theory: Input many-body theory for Fermi atoms theory of 2d electrons quantum chaos Bose-Einstein condensation Nanoscience INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
9 How is nuclear theory going to contribute to the next big advances in physics? INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
10 Fundamental symmetries Matrix elements for weak decays, neutrinoless ββ decay, neutron EDM, atomic parity violation, anapole measurements Cross sections for neutrino interactions with matter Electroweak radiative corrections EFT nuclear structure lattice QCD INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
11 Cosmology Cross sections for dark matter interactions with ordinary matter Simulations of Type 1a supernovae (and other bright astrophysical objects) to be used as standard candles by astronomers for studies of dark energy Probing the anthropic hypothesis: how fine-tuned is our universe? nuclear astrophysics nuclear structure lattice QCD INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
12 Femto-science : Understanding the properties of dense matter... A unified theory of nuclei A QCD basis for nuclear forces Phases of matter at high temperature and density Behavior of quarks and gluons within hadrons PQCD Lattice QCD EFT Nuclear structure Models: AdS/CFT... INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
13 Femto-science : manipulating dense matter?? Creation of exotic matter: glueballs, hybrid mesons Creation of exotic matter: heavy elements in an island of stability? Creation of exotic matter: saturated gluons at LHC? Manipulation of dense matter: manipulation of a neutron gas, of individual excited nuclei? Coherent gamma rays? Gamma ray tweezers? nuclear structure, many-body theory, lattice QCD, EFT, nuclear astrophysics, models... INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
14 How will nuclear theorists make breakthroughs?? INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
15 How will nuclear theorists make breakthroughs?? Brilliant individuals INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
16 How will nuclear theorists make breakthroughs?? Powerful computers d i v i d la s u n i t n a lli i r B New 1584 processor cluster at JLab INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
17 How will nuclear theorists make breakthroughs?? Powerful computers d i v i d la s u n i t n a lli i r B New 1584 processor cluster at JLab Collaborations INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
18 How will nuclear theorists make breakthroughs?? Powerful computers d i v i d la s u n i t n a lli i r B New 1584 processor cluster at JLab Collaborations INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
19 High performance computing is already changing nuclear theory NSF & DOE both provide supercomputer cycles, and are getting scientists and computer scientists to collaborate. DOE SciDAC program exists to develop scientific code (Lattice QCD, Supernovae, Unified Energy Density Functional UNEDF ) DOE LQCD program: dedicated machines for lattice QCD INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
20 The current SciDAC projects with nuclear physics involvement: INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
21 The current SciDAC projects with nuclear physics involvement: Computional Astrophysics Consortium: studying the properties of supernovae, gamma ray bursts, nucleosynthesis INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
22 The current SciDAC projects with nuclear physics involvement: Computional Astrophysics Consortium: studying the properties of supernovae, gamma ray bursts, nucleosynthesis UNEDF: Optimizing the energy density functional approach to develop a unified theory of nuclear structure: light, medium & heavy nuclei INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
23 The current SciDAC projects with nuclear physics involvement: Computional Astrophysics Consortium: studying the properties of supernovae, gamma ray bursts, nucleosynthesis UNEDF: Optimizing the energy density functional approach to develop a unified theory of nuclear structure: light, medium & heavy nuclei USQCD: using the lattice to connect the fundamental theory of QCD to nuclear physics: single hadron properties, matter at finite temperature and density, strangeness physics, few-body interactions. INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
24 SciDAC: Computational Astrophysics Consortium From the consortium web site INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
25 SciDAC: UNEDF Collaboration From a review article by Dean & Nazarewicz INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
26 SciDAC: USQCD collaboration Some highlights from lattice QCD: Properties of the quark-gluon plasma Spin content of the proton Baryon resonance spectrum Warmup for the NN potential: potential between two B mesons Multi nucleon physics: nσ INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
27 Pressure of the quark-gluon plasma in QCD: not a perturbative system! Theory calculation p/t 4 HTL (1x1) (1x2) RG T/T c Ideal gas from F. Karsch Lattice results, various actions INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
28 Lattice calculation of contributions to the nucleon spin 0.4 contributions to nucleon spin u d 2 L u d m 2 Π GeV 2 Hägler et al. (LHPC), hep-lat/ INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
29 contributions to nucleon spin u 2 d 2 L d L u m 2 Π GeV 2 Hägler et al. (LHPC), hep-lat/ INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
30 Nucleon Mass Spectrum Nucleon Mass Spectrum (Exp) K 1,13 (2700) H 19 (2220) K 1,13 (2700) (x2) H 19 (2220) (x2) K 1,13 (2700) (x2) I 1,11 (2600) G 19 (2250) I 1,11 (2600) (x2) G 19 (2250) (x2) D 15 (2200) I 1,11 (2600) D 15 (2200) a! E M (MeV) P 11 (2100) F 17 (1990) P 11 (1710) P 11 (1440) F 15 (2000) F 17 (1990) P 13 (1900) P 13 (1720) F 15 (1680) F 15 (2000) F 17 (1990) F 15 (1680) G 17 (2190) S 11 (2090) S 11 (1650) S 11 (1535) G 17 (2190) D 13 (2080) D 13 (1700) D 15 (1675) D 13 (1520) G 17 (2190) D 15 (1675) I=1/2, I3=1/2 baryons m π = 700 MeV P 11 (939) 0 G 1g H g G 2g G 1u H u G 2u 0 G 1g H g G 2g G 1u H u G 2u LHPC collaboration, from Lichtl (2006) INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11,
31 Warm-up for the NN potential: lattice calculation of the potential between two B mesons (I,J)=(0,1) (I,J)=(1,0) (I,J)=(1,1) (I,J)=(0,0) Detmold, Orginos, Savage hep-lat/ INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
32 Two baryon properties: "( k = 261 MeV ) (degrees) EFT 06 Juelich 04 Nijmegen NSC97f This Work n$ % ( 3 S 1 ) m! (MeV) NPLQCD hep-lat/ INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11,
33 Two baryon properties: "( k = 261 MeV ) (degrees) EFT 06 Juelich 04 Nijmegen NSC97f This Work n$ % ( 3 S 1 ) m! (MeV) NPLQCD hep-lat/ Multi-nucleon physics gets real interesting in the Petaflops era INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11,
34 Eventually lattice QCD should be able to pin down: 2- and 3-nucleon interactions (input for nuclear structure calculations, eg UNEDF program) hyperon-nucleon & kaon-nucleon interactions (important for understanding the nuclear equation of state at neutron-star densities) glue-ball, hybrid meson properties Location of QCD critical pt Outstanding problem: nonzero chemical potential INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
35 With peta-flops computing on the near horizon, expect enormous advances in nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure theory, and lattice QCD INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
36 How will nuclear theorists make breakthroughs?? Powerful computers d i v i d la s u n i t n a lli i r B New 1584 processor cluster at JLab Collaborations INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
37 The past ~15 years have seen a rapid growth in intellectual technology, as well as hardware: Effective field theory Nonlocal energy density functionals No-core shell model Chiral symmetry on the lattice AdS/CFT correspondence Color Glass Condensate CFL phase of symmetric quark matter Lots of room for nuclear theory w/o heavyduty computing INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
38 Lots of challenging nuclear theory problems that currently do not require high performance computing, but which require a high level of manpower & collaboration. To name a few: A theory for heavy ion collisions Improved theory for the QCD phase diagram Further development of effective field theory for few-body interactions in nuclear structure calculations, for low energy scattering, and for lattice QCD A detailed theory of the crust of neutron stars... INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
39 Needed: a full theory for heavy ion collisions: t freeze out hadrons in eq. gluons & quarks in eq. gluons & quarks out of eq. hydrodynamics kinetic theory strong fields z (beam axis) classical EOMs from: F. Gelis, R. Venugopalan, hep-ph/ INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
40 A new form of matter? Partons in the saturation region: will we see this at the LHC? Y = ln 1/x Saturation region Color Glass Condensate Extended Geometric Scaling region Q (Y) s BK/JIMWLK BFKL DGLAP! ~ s 1 " 2 QCD k geom! << s 1 Q 2 1/Q s INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
41 The QCD phase diagram, 2006: $ ),!"# -./ %6%! M. Alford, hep-ph/ %&'!()* '678)'9:,9)* µ What is non-cfl matter? Hyperons? Kaon condensation? Crystalline quark matter? Where is the critical point? Can a 5D gravity theory be used to shed light on QCD? INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
42 Effective Field Theory works great for low energy, few-body interactions...can it be pushed farther? Deuteron N 4 LO (1% accuracy, 2 free phenomenological constants) "!(mb) E! (MeV) G. Rupak, Nucl. Phys. A (2000) INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
43 nd elastic scattering, 3 MeV d!/d" NLO d!/d" NNLO, full T 22 T # [deg] # [deg] Epelbaum et al., Phys. Rev. C (2004) Figure 4: nd elastic scattering observables at 3 MeV at NLO (left column) and NNLO (right Triton column). binding The filled energy: circles are nd pseudo data based on [61, 62] while the filled triangles are true nd data [63]. The bands correspond to the cut off variation between BENNLO = 8.54 MeV 500 and 600 MeV. The unit of the BEEXP = 8.48 MeV cross section is mb/sr. (3-body input = nd scattering length) Platter, Phys. Rev. C (2006) 20 INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
44 AdS/CFT 5D gravity theory in curved spacetime = 4D Yang-Mills theory Duality: calculations best for strong gluon coupling But the YM theory isn t QCD: Infinite # of colors scalars and fermions in the same color representation as gluons scale invariant Can we find a dual gravity theory closer to QCD? INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
45 Lots of hard problems that will need extensive collaboration to solve. SciDAC provides a mechanism for funding collaborations on computational problems What about non-computational problems? INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
46 Extending the parameter space of theory collaborations Number of constituents (Collaboration rapidity) -1 Seconds INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
47 Extending the parameter space of theory collaborations Number of constituents Telephone (Collaboration rapidity) -1 Seconds INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
48 Extending the parameter space of theory collaborations Number of constituents Telephone Workshop (Collaboration rapidity) -1 Seconds INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
49 Extending the parameter space of theory collaborations Number of constituents Telephone Workshop INT Program (Collaboration rapidity) -1 Seconds INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
50 Extending the parameter space of theory collaborations Number of constituents Telephone Workshop INT Program Marriage (Collaboration rapidity) -1 Seconds INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
51 Extending the parameter space of theory collaborations Number of constituents Telephone Workshop INT Program Topical Collaborations Marriage (Collaboration rapidity) -1 Seconds INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
52 Extending the parameter space of theory collaborations Number of constituents Telephone Workshop INT Program Topical Collaborations Marriage (Collaboration rapidity) -1 Seconds INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
53 How will nuclear theorists make breakthroughs?? Powerful computers d i v i d la s u n i t n a lli i r B New 1584 processor cluster at JLab Collaborations INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
54 Not every theorist has to be a phenomenologist INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
55 Not every theorist has to be a phenomenologist INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
56 Not every good idea will address a milestone INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
57 Not every good idea will address a milestone 1954: INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
58 Not every good idea will address a milestone 1954: First 4 prototype liquid hydrogen bubble chamber installed in Bevatron INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
59 Not every good idea will address a milestone 1954: First 4 prototype liquid hydrogen bubble chamber installed in Bevatron Yang & Mills invent nonabelian gauge theory, eventually revolutionizing how all particle interactions are viewed INT David Kaplan - QCD Town Meeting - January 12-14,
60 The field needs to attract the best young theorists INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
61 HΨ = EΨ TENURE Teaching... Committees... Proposals... Panels... Reviews... Reports... INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
62 There is a lot of competition, and we must communicate the excitement of the field. INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
63 INT David Kaplan - DNP Meeting - October 11, 2007
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