Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Introduction Laser system & on-table data Results Redesign Outlook
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1 Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Introduction Laser system & on-table data Results Redesign Outlook James Good PITZ Collaboration Meeting 14 Jun 2017
2 Introduction > Motivation: Further improvement of the electron beam quality by reduction of the transverse projected beam emittance. > Main idea: Optimization of the cathode laser pulse shape in order for to minimize the impact of the space charge on the transverse emittance. 2 cath 2 RF cathode laser shape: SpCh 2 SpCh min Minimum SC influence on beam emittance Better longitudinal compression Reduced beam halo cylindrical ellipsoidal Less sensitivity to the machine settings temporally F x p x x x F x p x x x James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 2
3 Photo Injector Test Facility, DESY Zeuthen > PITZ is a testbench for photoinjector R&D Gun quads for beam symmetrization Plasma self-modulation experiments Photocathode laser pulse shaping an important tool for ε James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 3
4 PITZ setup and original ASTRA simulation parameters RF gun ~7 MeV/c CDS booster ~25 MeV/c Emittance optimization screen: 5.74 m downstream the cathode Simulation setup Three different photo cathode laser shapes have been considered in beam simulations: Longitudinal distribution: Gaussian. Transverse distribution: radial homogeneous Longitudinal distribution: Flat-top. Transverse distribution: radial homogeneous Uniformly filled Ellipsoidal distribution Bunch charge: 1 nc Gun gradient: MV/m corresponding to Pz~6.7 MeV/c beam momentum after the gun CDS booster starting position: 3.1 m CDS booster gradient: MV/m corresponding to Pz~24 MeV/c final beam momentum Reference point: EMSY1 (Z=5.74 m) best emittance for 3 profiles with the same bunch length James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 4
5 Beam overview for 3 different laser shapes (Zboo=3.1m) James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 5
6 Photocathode laser Technical requirements Technical requirements Parameter Value Unit Remark wavelength nm 4 th harmonic of Nd micropulse energy μj 1 nc bunch production from Cs 2 Te photocathode pulse train frequency 1 MHz Future goal: 4.5 MHz pulse train length 0.3 ms Future goal: 0.6 ms pulse train rep.rate 10 Hz 1,2,5 Hz as an option micropulse rms duration 6±2 ps Quasi-ellipsoidal distribution transverse rms size 0.5±0.25 mm James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 6
7 Simplified Ellipsoidal Laser (ELLA) setup > Collaborative development w/ IAP, Nihzny Novogord > Fiber-based Er laser oscillator and Yb amplifiers > Multi-pass diode pumped disk amplifier with Yb:KGW crystals > Hamamatsu SLM-based spatio-temporal shapers > Second and fourth harmonic conversion > Scanning cross-correlators & spectrograph(s) (diagnostic) James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 7 > Installed end 2016, RF: oscillator synchronization late 2016
8 OSS Signal (a.u.) OSS Signal (a.u.) Current pulse shaper: Super-Gaussian > Generation of flat-top picosecond pulses by coherent pulse stacking in a multicrystal birefringent filter, Ingo Will & Guido Klemz Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 19, pp (2008) Time (ps) Time (ps) James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 8
9 1D SLM-based pulse shaping > Concept: Spectrally separated chirped pulse transversally modulated by amplitude-phase mask prior to recombination James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 9
10 2D SLM-based pulse shaping Source: Goal: James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 10
11 James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 11 2D SLM shaper Faraday Isolator, polarizer and 90 beam rotation, ), (, ), ( ),, ( ),, ( x i y i in out e x M e y M y x E y x E t y x E in,, t y x E out,, Cylindrical lens Cylindrical lens Spherical lenses 2 ~10 ), ( x M ), ( x x y
12 ELLA spatial/spectral calibration > Horizontal bandcut mask to define SLM center > Vertical edge mask to find spectral center James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 12
13 IR spectrographic reconstruction > Slit-scan spectrometer (modified IAP f600 design) Standard Czerny-Turner layout Motorized transverse translation stage w/ slit 20 nm on-camera spectral dispersion James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 13
14 IR cross-correlation Pulse interaction in nonlinear crystal 1 3 W ~ I t I t dt I ( t) ~ ( ) W 3 ~ I 2 t 1 2 James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 14
15 Beam quality & operational issues > Poor oscillator pointing/opto-mechanical stability Constant slow drift (uncertainties w.r.t. Q,pos, mask) Pockel cell contrast/leakage > Spectral-temporal comparison Band-masking ~1030nm removes sidelobe > Weak shape preservation UV beam walkoff/smearing Pump drift > Synchronization jitter (ΔQ, ΔP) IR 515 UV VC2 James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 15
16 µtca-based synchronization > 1 st successful trial 16 th Nov 2016 (20min) > Short-term test 20 th Nov (6h) 1 st Synchronized photoelectrons! > Long-term test 25 th Nov On-table measurements Humidity dependent > Many thanks to: M. Felber, T.Kozak, H. Schlarb, G. Schlesselman, F. Tonisch, M. Pohl, D. Melkumyan, D. Kalantaryan, G. Trowitzsch,, James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 16
17 ELLA spectral masking (~100 pc) unshaped ~13 ps spectrally masked ~13 ps James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 17
18 ELLA Spectral masking BSA1.2mm 100 pc ~8 ps James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 18
19 ELLA 3D FT shaping (~200 pc & 500 pc) 200 pc 8 ps 500 pc 15 ps Nominal BSA: 1.2mm, 0.5nC James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 19
20 Electron beam (z=5.277m) Boost er RF gun Photocathode laser ASTRA simulations for 0.5nC Pulse shape cylindrical ellipsoid Temporal profile Gaussian Flattop Homogeneous ellipsoid length (FWHM) 9.5 ps Transverse Homogeneous radial Homogeneous ellipsoid Transverse size (rms) mm mm mm Electric field at the cathode (max) 60 MV/m Phase (w.r.t. MMMG) Solenoid peak field T T T Electric field (max) 17.1 МV/m Phase (w.r.t. MMMG) 0 Bunch charge 0.5 nc Beam mean momentum 21.0 MeV/c Projected normalized emittance 0.80 mm mrad 0.64 mm mrad 0.35 mm mrad Average slice emittance 0.49 mm mrad 0.57 mm mrad 0.33 mm mrad Bunch length (rms) 1.44 mm 1.20 mm 1.34 mm Peak current 35.4 А 39.5 А 37.8 А Longitudinal emittance 34 mm kev 22 mm kev 12.5 mm kev James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 20
21 ELLA 2.0 redesign > Overall goal: Design & construct a simplified, reliable, and robust photocathode laser system Avoid & correct original design constraints, flaws, and errors > Design goals: Minimalized, simplified layout: 50% reduction of optical elements & path length (50m 25m) modularized & mechanically robust improved thermal robustness & optomechanical stability Maximize mask usage & resolution, minimize AOI lower thermal load & LIDT risk Uni-directional layout design Independent transverse masks James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 21
22 ELLA 2.0 redesign > Pharos laser properties: high power 20W, water-cooled, solid state laser energy budget up to 100uJ/pulse variable rep. rate (1 khz 1 MHz) thermo-mechanically stable & optically flexible SHG and FHG module included Gaussian pulses at variable pulse duration ( ps) Already delivered & installed Synchronization/stability tests next week(s) SLM > Design considerations: Future phase masking? Transverse masking? Green cathodes/pulse shaping/characterization? Volume Bragg gratings Asymmetric pulse envelopes? dove expander SLM James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 22
23 µtca-based synchronization > MHz Oscillator Fine tuning: 40Hz/~80V Coarse tuning: 1.5kHz/80V Mechanical tuning: 40kHz > 1 st successful trial 8 th Jun 2017 (24h) > Short-term test 9 th 12 th Jun (~60h) Mechanical settling pulled osc. out of range (Δf = 2.5kHz) > Continued tests LEDA check next week? utca phase shifter test? > No baseline jitter or de-sync (utca timeout fix?) > Many thanks to: T.Kozak, F. Tonisch, R. Netzel James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 23
24 Summary & Outlook > Summary New photocathode laser design implemented and utilized Significant experience gained in 3D pulse shaping Successful electron beam measurements taken Substantial technical limitations, constraints & issues identified (synchronization, drift, beam quality, etc.) > Outlook New core Pharos laser system delivered & installed Sucessful synchronization! Momentum check next week New linear optical beam shaping design finalized & components ordered 40m 10m! Construction begins Jul New volume Bragg grating experiments to produce full, static ellipsoidal distributions James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 24
25 Thank you for your attention!!! James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 25
26 Backup slides James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 26
27 IR 2D reconstruction James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 27
28 Fiber part D=1.5mm James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 28
29 DESIGN OF THE AMPLIFIER 830 mm Yb:KGW 1 (5V passes x 2) Transversal distribution at the image plane: At the input SM 2 Yb:KGW active elements: 3% doping level 8.5x8.5x3 mm disks 6.5% cold losses per 1V pass 0.22% depolarization per MULTIPASS 1V pass BROADBAND Yb:KGW AMPLIFIER FOR 3DESP LASER Spherical Mirror 2 Spherical Mirror 2 Yb:KGW Yb:KGW 2f 1 2 Yb:KGW 2 Spherical Mirror Yb:KGW 2 (4V passes x 2) f Spherical Mirror 1 SM 1 f After the 1 st pass of the amplifier ( 16 m propagation) After the 2 nd pass of the amplifier ( 32 m propagation) Yb:KGW 1 Imaging longitudinal accuracy at the output < 10 mm (22 mm needed) Astigmatism compensating scheme
30 2D SLM-based pulse shaping x y Cylindrical lens λ 2 M ( x, ) Spherical lenses ~ 10 Hamamatsu SLM 800 x 600 liquid crystal phase modulator ( x, ) Cylindrical lens E out ( x, y, ) E in Faraday Isolator, polarizer and 90 beam rotation ( x, y, ) M ( y, ) e i ( y, ) M i x, x, e The optical scheme allows changing amplitude and phase of spectral components James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 30
31 Unforeseen technical issues > Laser controller unit failure (fixed by IAP) > Water cooling system issues > All non-linear crystals replaced (incl. amplifier, cross-correlators, & frequency conversion) Mar: Yb:KGW amplifier crystals replaced, frequency conversion crystals & mounts replaced Apr: IR cross-correlator crystal & mount replaced > Imperfect laser pointing stability > Oscillator frequency modulation & locking Imperfect due to piezo-eigenmodes > Pump laser cooling circuit pressure spikes > Holoeye SLM asynchronousity Realtime (ms) Holoeye SLM amplitude trace James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 31
32 Voltage [/V] Fit offset [/V] Ch2 instabilities > Significant energy jitter for maximum power Ch2 observed Record Ch2 PD traces Linear fit of peaks & scatter plot of fit coefficients PD trace peak detection linear fit CH2 photodiode trace Ch2 energy fit spread 50% I peak 100% I peak missing pulses Time [/s] x Fit slope [/V.s -1 ] > Jitter reduction for reduced power James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 32
33 Summary of electron beam parameters for 1nC ASTRA simulations James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 33
34 MBI long-gauss (15ps) 500 pc emittance :06 Mikhail, Y. Chen With similar gun & laser setup James Good Ellipsoidal Laser Status & Results Page 34
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