Characteristics of continental oil shale and oil shale resources in China

Transcription

1 Jilin University Characteristics of and oil shale resources in China Zhaojun Liu, Qingshui Dong, Qingtao Meng Petroleum & Basin Analysis Institute Jilin University 15/10/2008

2 Characteristics of and oil shale resources in China Characteristics of Genetic types of Oil shale resources in China

3 Characteristics of Mineral characteristic Relatively content(%) Quartz Feldspar Kaolinte Mixed mineral Illite Montmorillorite Carbonate Dalianhe Huadian Nong`an Luozigou Fushun Maoming Estonia (marine) China's is mainly mudstone or shale, and is composed of terrestrial clastic material. Mineral composition is quartz, feldspar and clay minerals. Among clay minerals, the content of kaolinite is high. Compared with marine oil shale, the content of carbonate is higher.

4 Characteristics of Organic geochemical characteristics 1. Abundance of organic matter The content of organic carbon in China's oil shale is between 7.48% and 38.02%, the average is 21.46%, and mainly concentrated in the range between 10% and 30%. Numbers of samples TOC (%) Histogram of organic carbon distribution of oil shale

5 Characteristics of 2. The types of organic matter Organic geochemical characteristics H/C ratio Hydrogen index O/C ratio Oxygen index The types of organic matter of China's oil shale are mainly sapropelitic (Ⅰ) and humosapropelic type (Ⅱ 1 ), secondarily, sapropelic-humic type (Ⅱ 2 )

6 Characteristics of Organic geochemical characteristics 3. Maturity of Organic matter Sample areas Province Ro (%) Dalianhe Heilongjiang Types of organic matter Tmax( ) 0.46 II Luozigou Jilin 0.48 I-II Fushun Liaoning 0.49 I 443 Maoming Guangdong 0.51 I-II Tongchuan Shanxi 0.51 II Sangonghe Xinjiang 0.51 II Ro of oil shale is 0.41%~0.60%, and Tmax is 423~ 446, so China's oil shale is mostly at immature-low mature stage of thermal evolution

7 Characteristics of Quality characteristics 1. Oil yield Oil yield is the most important parameter of oil shale evaluation. In 2006, National evaluation of oil shale resources in China established that the boundary of oil yield is higher than 3.5%, it can be divided into three classes of low, middle and high : 3.5%<ω 5%, 5%<ω 10% and ω >10%. Shale oil resources whose oil yield in weight is higher than 5% takes up 67.64% of the total shale oil resources of the country, so the quality of China's oil shale is middle in general.

8 Characteristics of Quality characteristics Nongan Luozigou Fushun Denglouku When oil yield in weight is higher than 3.5%, the content of organic carbon is usually higher than 6%. So the content of organic carbon could become one of indicators for helping judging oil shale.

9 Characteristics of 2. Ash content Quality characteristics Ash content is the key indicator that distinguishes oil shale and coal. Generally, the ash content of oil shale is >40% The ash contents of oil shale in main petroliferous shale areas in China are between 53.27% and 84.35%. By statistics the data of 54 petroliferous shale areas in China, the ash content of China's oil shale could be divided into two classes: Low ash content: ash content is <65%, oil yield is >10% High ash content: ash content is 65~90%,oil yield is 3.5~10%. Thus,China's oil shale mostly belongs to high ash content oil shale.

10 Characteristics of Quality characteristics 3. Caloric value Caloric value is an important parameter for evaluating the industrial fuels. Caloric values of China's oil shale in each area are very different, Caloric value of Nong`an oil shale in Jilin Province is the lowest and is 4.19MJ/kg, and the caloric value of Ao`cheng oil shale in Jiangxi Province is the highest and is 34.60MJ/kg. Thus oil shale with high caloric value can be directly used to generate electricity, and the ash after retorting can also be used for electric generation, which is a good way for comprehensive utilization of oil shale.

11 Characteristics of and oil shale resources in China Characteristics of Genetic types of Oil shale resources in China

12 Genetic types of Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin Oil shale in China is mostly deposited in continental environments, and concentrates in depression lake basins and fault deep lake basins. Billion tons Depression deep lake Taking up 76% of the country 84.2 fault deep lake Taking up 12% of the country

13 1.Depression deep lake basin Songliao Basin Nenjiang (1)Strata characteristics Yaojia Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Oil shale mainly deposited in the 1 st member of Qingshankou Formation and the 1 st and 2 nd member of Nenjiang Formation of Upper Cretaceous.

14 Genetic types of (2) Tectonic background Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin Yao5 Yao6 Yao9 Hai7 Qsh10 Qing Shan Kou Songliao basin is a large scale depression basin during the period of oil shale deposition. The 1 st member of Qingshankou and 2 nd of Nenjiang Formation develop in Post-rift thermo-subsidence supersequence set

15 Genetic types of Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin (3) Sedimentary environment Base-level change curve of Songliao basin corresponds to sea-level change curve of the world. Oil shale is the product of the two lake flooding periods The 1 st member of Qingshankou Formation: Upper Aldanian The 1 st and 2 nd member of Nenjiang Formation : Turonian

16 Genetic types of Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin 1 Sea transgresstion Evidence 1: Sr/Ba ratio Sr/Ba curve of Songnan 15 Perhaps exist transgression in K 2 qn 1 and K 2 n 2 Sr/Ba curve of Wan3

17 Genetic types of Evidence 2: Marine fossils Qingshankou Formation: Pelecypoda fossil, fishbone, et. Nenjiang Formation: Pelecypoda fossil. Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin 1 st member of Nenjiang Formation: Jilinichthys, Hama, teeth fossil of shark, coral fossil and foraminifer fossil (Gao Ruiqi, 1985; Ye Dequan, 1985). Ta212 well, well, coral fossil,, Qingshankou Formation Ta212 well, well, foraminifer fossil, Qingshankou Formation

18 Genetic types of Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin 2 anoxic environment The two times of flooding and transgression caused Songliao basin to have an anoxic environment. The formation of black shale (oil shale ) is usually related to anoxic environments; anaerobic conditions are favorable for the conservation of organic matter, so there formed three sets of black shale, mudstone and oil shale

19 Genetic types of Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin Evidence 1: Stratification of lake water Sea transgression causes a kind of salinty stratification, which makes the bottom of the lake an anoxic environment

20 Genetic types of Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin Evidence 2: V/V+Ni ratio Microgram/gram Sample place Nong`an Hei100 Songyan10 Songyan9 Songyan4 Well number yyy7 yyy39 yyy108 yyy105 Songyan4 V Co Ni Mo Zn Sr Ba Sr/Ba V/V+Ni <1 >0.5 Oil shale deposits in anoxic and fresh lake sedimentary

21 Genetic types of Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin Oil yield and thickness of oil shale increase in the direction of Songliao basin subsidence Thickness contour of K 1 qn 1 Thickness contour of K 1 n 2 lithofacies paleographic map Qnsh Formation

22 Genetic types of Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin (4) Depression deep lake oil shale (fresh water) Oil shale mainly develop in Transgressive System Tract (TST) and Highstand System Tract (HST). Usually the deeper the water, the higher the oil yield and the greater the thickness, as typically represented in the Mesozoic Songliao, Junggar and Ordos basins.

23 Oil shale of Qingshankou Fomation in Nong`an petroliferous area(qingshankou exploration area)

24 2. Fault deep lake basin (1) sequence characteristics Beitaizi Dachengzi Gongliangtou RST HSTOil shale MFS 北台子勘查区 大城子勘查区 公郎头勘查区 TST Oil shale 南部勘查区 13 layer recoverable oil shale Huadian Basin LST Pyrite In TST,the times of lake-level and sedimentary cycles controls the layer numbers of oil shale. There is a sedimentary overlap in the direction of the basin, and shows regressive sedimentary IFS

25 Thickness isoline of Huadian basin Oil yield isoline of Huadian basin

26 Genetic types of Mineralization model of oil shale bearing basin Oil shale also develops in TST and HST, but the thickness and oil yield is obviously controlled by synsdimentary faulting, becoming thicker and richer in the direction of the fault, such as in Cenozoic Huadian, Fushun and Maoming Basins. (2) Fault deep lake oil shale (fresh or brackish)

27 Characteristics of and oil shale resources in China Characteristics of Genetic types of Oil shale resources in China

28 Oil shale resources in China Oil shale resources in China From 2004 to 2006, Jilin University developed first national oil shale evaluation in China. Results show that oil shale resource in China is very abundant and widely

29 20 Provinces 47 basins 80 petroliferous shale area Oil shale resources of China are estimated as billion tons, i.e., 47.6 billion tons of in-place recoverable shale oil. The recoverable resources of conventional hydrocarbon are 12 billion tons after deducing the loss of oil shale development and carbonization

30 Evaluation results in different areas of China Billion tons Eastern area 4.3 Eastern area takes up 35% of the country Central area 7.3 Oil shale is mainly distributed in eastern China, Central China and Qinghai-Tibet Area 2 Western area Shale oil resource Southern area Qinghai- Tibet area Recoverable Shale oil resource

31 Evaluation results in different basins Billion tons (32%) 9.6(20%) 8.7 (18%) (12%) Junggar Lunpola Ordos Songliao Chaidamu Qiangtang Shale oil resource Dayangshu Maoming Sichuan Fushun Mainly distributed in Songliao, Ordos, Lunpola and Junggar Basin

32 Evaluation results in different strata Billion tons Taking up 67%of the country Cenozoic Mesozoic Upper Palaozoic Shale oil resources Recoverable shale oil resources Oil shale in China ranges in age widely and is most concentrated in Mesozoic strata.

33 Distribution of oil shale bearing basins (Based on Jishun Ren,2005) Controlled by dynamic systems of Paleo-Asiatic Ocean, Tethys -Paleo-Pacific and Indian-Pacific Ocean,the age of oil shale formation is gradually younger from Northwest to Southeast.

34 Oil shale resources in China Development of China`s oil shale Fushun oil shale mine(biggest producing base in China) Established in In 1959, production per year was 720,000 tons, constituting more than 50% of the country s production. In 2007, production of shale oil per year was 310,000 tons. The mine is planning to produce 710,000 tons in Biggest opencast mine in Asia

35 Conclusions 1. The oil yield of China's oil shale is mainly middle rank, and most are high-ash oil shale. The caloric values are different in each area; the type of organic matter of oil shale concentrate in Sapropelific (Ⅰ) and humic-sapropelic (Ⅱ 1 )type. 2. China's oil shale is concentrated in continental environments, and could be divided into depression deep lake type and fault deep lake type. The water characters that oil shale formed in are fresh and brackish, and oil shale usually forms in anoxic environments. 3. Oil shale resources in China are abundant, widely distributed in 20 provinces, 47 basins and 80 petroliferous shale area. Oil shale resources are estimated as billion tons and the recoverable shale oil resources are estimated as 12 billion tons.

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37 Genetic types of Conditions of oil shale formation The favorable conditions for oil shale formation are as follows: 1. anaerobic environment Generally, anaerobic lakes are favorable environments for oil shale formation, which aid in the preservation of organic matter 2. Salinity condition of lake water Fresh and salty environments can both form oil shale, but lakes with high ph value could have higher production and dissolve more phosphorus, and phosphorus is one of main nutrients of initial productivity of lakes

38 Oil shale resources in China Development of China`s oil shale 2 Huadian Oil Shale Mine At present, the production of shale oil in Huadian is more than 70,000 tons. Now Fuxin Mining Group and Chengda Group is investing to develop Huadian oil shale, and planning to produce 300,000 tons oil shale

39 Oil shale resources in China Development of China`s oil shale 3 Luozigou Oil Shale Mine Development began in 1958; In 2007, the production of shale oil per year is 30,000 tons