Oil Shale Project in Thailand

Transcription

1 Oil Shale Project in Thailand Progress of Oil Shale Exploration in Thailand (Phase 2) The cooperation of Thai agencies between Department of Mineral Fuels (DMF) and Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) The 29 th Oil Shale Symposium October 21, 2009 Golden, Colorado 1

2 Introduction Study in 2008 Agenda 16 additional boreholes and oil shale sampling Analysis methods and results Combustion Oil yield Oil shale seam classification and correlation Geological reserve Further study in 2009 Conclusions 2

3 Oil Shale Project in Thailand 4 years ( ) The studied area covers 104 km 2 ( ) Above Ban Huai Kalok, Mae Sod, Tak Province Purposes of this study: To study oil shale as fuel for power generation To study shale oil extraction To confirm the quantity and quality Additional 16 boreholes (2008): The deepest depth: 382 m Boreholes in 2008 Boreholes locations (2008) Total depth: 4, m Tools and analyses: Lithologic log and Geophysical log Combustion and shale oil extraction

4 Tools and Analyses Activity: Additional 16 boreholes Tools: Lithologic log and Geophysical log Identify clearly between shale and oil shale Oil shale sample selection Analyses Oil shale seam classification Oil shale correlation Geological reserve Combustion 825 samples from 16 boreholes Oil extraction 20 samples from 5 boreholes (2008) 102 samples from 10 boreholes (2009) 4

5 Study in 2008: Lithologic log The physical properties of shale and oil shale are quite similar, difficult to identify The color of good quality is dark brown The color of oil shale varies from greenish gray to dark brown The oil shale weight is lighter than of shale The good quality elastic is good Geophysical log Low density MS 6/51 A B High resistivity C 5

6 Oil Shale Sample Selection for combustion and shale oil extraction Based on information of Lithologic log and geophysical log interpretation (in 2008) Characteristics and properties Light to dark brown Light weight Low density

7 Combustion Analysis 825 samples from 16 boreholes (In 2008) Distribution Organic of 16 and boreholes analytical for analyses sample selection Proximal Analysis Sulfur Content Specific Energy Relative Density Ultimate Analysis Ash composition Heavy mineral in oil shale Heavy mineral in ash Boreholes in

8 Oil Shale Quality by Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) Properties Heating value (cal/g) 902 Moisture ( wt %) Ash (wt%) Volatile (wt%) Sulfur (wt % )

9 Oil Shale Quality By Chiang Mai University Properties Oil shale Spent shale (composited Properties Oil shale Spent shale (composited oil shale) oil shale) Moisture % % C % % Ash % % H % < % Volatile % % N <0.3 % < % Fixed Carbon % % S % < % 9

10 Shale Oil Extraction Analysis 20 samples from 5 boreholes (In 2008) Distribution Oil of shale 5 boreholes analysis chart for sample selection Boreholes in 2008 Boreholes to select oil shale for shale oil extraction,2008 Remark: 10 samples for pyrolysis are mixed stratigraphic oil shale (332 samples) 10

11 Oil Shale Potential By Rock Eval Analysis Min Max Average TOC (%) TC (%) TS (%) Tmax ( C) HI (%) PI (%) Remark 10 samples are analyzed PRODUCTION INDEX (PI) Heating value Kerogen Kerogen Conversion Type and T max - Maturity Relation Maturity between , , ,400 1, , TOC and Immature ( Espitalie Heating Mature et al., Postmature 1977;) Value TYPE I 900 T max ( C) Type Immature 800 Oil Window Dry Gas Window TOC and Heating value <435 immature organic matter Expulsion TYPE II mature zone (oil zone) HYDROGEN INDEX ( HI, mg HC/g TOC) 600 > 465 overmature zone (gas zone) High Level Conversion Only 0 one 300 sample that is Tmax (440 C) MATURITY (based on Tmax from 9 samples are o C) Tmax, in Dry Gas the Window 100 immature zone 0 oil-prone usually lacustrine oil-prone usually marine TYPE II-III oil-gas-prone TYPE III gas-prone TYPE IV inert Intensive Generation, Oil Window Condensate -Wet Gas Zone Tmax ( Kerogen is Type o C) I Condensate - Wet Gas Zone MS 1/51 MS 10/51 MS 10/51 MS 01 MS 10 MS 13 Low 0Level Conversion Overmature TOC

12 Oil Yield By retorting analysis Mixed stratigraphic oil shale sample (T = C) Classification standard of oil shale quality (T.A Hendricksen, 1975) Oil content Quality of Mae Sot oil shale Gallons/ton Liters/ton Oil shale grade gallons/ton % by weight Low-grade 10 4 High grade Low grade Medium-grade Good-grade Oil yield vary from gallons per ton Remark: 10 mixed strategic oil shale samples : Applied retort device High-grade Grade of Mae Sod oil shale is low-grade

13 Shale Oil Quality Properties Range API Gravity ( API) Density (g/cm 3 ) Pour point( C) Composition Percentage Light gas Aliphatic Aromatic Asphalt Wax Crude oil grades (by API gravity) ( API gravity ( API) Density Light crude oil >31.1 Low Medium oil Heavy oil < 22.3 High 13 Crude shale oil is Heavy oil

14 Oil Shale Composition by XRD and XRF Analysis Type Major minerals Clay Minerals Other minerals Mineral composition Dolomite( %) Calcite( %) Quartz ( %) K-Minerals Vermiculite Chlorite Montmorillonite K-feldspar ( %) Plagioclase ( ) Pyrite( %) Analcite Major element Range wt % Average wt % MgO CaO Al 2 O SiO K 2 O Fe 2 O Na 2 O < LOI

15 Evaluation in the Potential Area Potential area in 2008( ): Covers about 18 km 2 Covers 15 boreholes Evaluated Issues Oil shale seam classification using geophysical logs Geological reserves after applying geophysical logs 15

16 Oil Shale Seam Classification DDH3-5 MS 6/51 (1974) (2008) Methodology Methodology To classify oil shale and shale layer To classify oil shale and shale layer using : using of: - lithologic log - lithologic log - no geophysical log - geophysical log Result Result Oil shale layer classification cannot Oil shale layer classification can be be identified clearly between oil shale identified clearly between oil shale and and shale layer, thick bed of the oil shale, thin oil shale layer can be defined shale layer 16

17 Oil Shale Seam Classification after applying geophysical logs (In each borehole) Hole Name Number of subseam Net Oil Shale Thickness (m.) Thickness of oil shale layer: m. MS 1/ MS 2/ MS 3/ MS 4/ MS 5/ MS 6/ MS 7/ MS 8/ MS 10/ MS 11/ MS 12/ MS 13/ MS 14/ MS 15/ MS 16/

18 Oil Shale Seams Correlation (CUT OFF 500 KCAL/KG) 13 oil shale seams in the area are classified by geophysical log SEAM GROSS SPECIFIC ENERGY MIN MAX AVERAGE SD M M M M M M M M M M M M

19 Geological Reserve within potential area Potential area: Covers about 18 km 2 Geological reserves estimation based on: Data from 15 boreholes (2008) At the depth less than 400 m. Geophysical interpretation The measured reserves: About 1,372 million tons 19

20 Further study in 2009 Department of Mineral Fuels Cooperate with Colorado School of Mines and UMATAC industrial Processes To study and analyze shale oil extraction In both Laboratory scale and Bench scale 20

21 Shale oil extraction analysis 102 samples from 10 holes 10 boreholes Oil shale locations analysis for sample chart selection Boreholes in 2008 Boreholes to select oil shale for shale oil extraction,

22 Quality Distribution of Sampling Heating Value Distribution 3,500 3,000 2,500 Heating Value 2,000 1,500 1, Number of Sample 22

23 Database of oil shale quality Oil yield Heating value Potential of source rock Expected Result (In 2009) Mineral composition for further study and utilization Environmental deposit Characterization and quality of shale oil Possibility study of Fractional distillation Utilization of spent shale in cement industries Environmental impact of the spent shale The final result is expected to finish by the end of November,

24 Conclusions Part 1 Drilling Lithologic log and Geophysical log The color of oil shale varies from greenish gray to dark brown The good grade color is dark brown The characteristics of good grade of oil shale are light weight, oily smell Part 2 The utilization oil shale as Fuel for power generation The average of heating value is about 902 kcal/kg (cut off > 500 kcal/kg) Ash vary from % Moisture vary from % 24

25 Conclusions Part 3 The extraction oil from oil shale The quality of oil shale is general low grade The crude oil properties are asphaltic, aliphatic, respectively The major minerals of oil shale are Dolomite, Calcite and Quartz Part 4 Evaluation in the potential area There are 13 oil shale seams Thickness of oil shale is about m. The reserve of oil shale in potential area is about 1,372 million tons (2008) 25

26 Thank You for your attention Apiradee Suwannathong or To be continued in next year 26