Oxygen observation activities within the FP7 EU-project HYPOX: a step towards hypoxia monitoring a rapidly changing world

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1 ...Effects of Climate Change on the World s Oceans, Yeosu 2012 Oxygen observation activities within the FP7 EU-project HYPOX: a step towards hypoxia monitoring a rapidly changing world Felix Janssen 1, Christoph Waldmann 2, A. Boetius 1,3 & the HYPOX project team 1 Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, DE 2 MARUM, University Bremen, DE 3 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, DE

2 ... EU-project HYPOX»In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and land-locked water bodies«apr Mar EC grant partners + 4 associated partners project website:

3 ...HYPOX introduction HYPOX motivation increasing oxygen depletion due to increasing anthropogenic pressure climate change & eutrophication

4 ...HYPOX introduction HYPOX motivation Diaz & Rosenberg, Science 321 (2008)

5 ...HYPOX introduction HYPOX motivation increasing oxygen depletion due to increasing anthropogenic pressure climate change, eutrophication lack of appropriate and accessible monitoring data poor representation of hypoxia monitoring in earth observation

6 ...HYPOX introduction HYPOX approach conduct O 2 monitoring pilot studies in contrasting ecosystems adjusting to hypoxia spatio-temporal scales investigate drivers & ecosystem response improve measurement quality & data access

7 ... Introduction to HYPOX monitoring sites Map design: Sabine Luedeling,

8 ...HYPOX site introduction Site classification Open / coastal seas & land-locked locked waters

9 ... Examples of HYPOX approaches and achievements (1): Observing oxygen at the appropriate temporal and spatial scales

10 ...HYPOX approaches and achievements Resolving fast oxygen changes at chemoclines Gotland Basin Crimean Shelf

11 schematic: Ralf Prien...fast oxygen changes at chemoclines Gotland Basin (IOW, DE) Gotland Basin

12 data courtesy of Ralf Prien...fast oxygen changes at chemoclines Gotland Basin (IOW, DE) O 2 > 90µmol / L Gotland Basin sigma 8.5 / 9.5

13 ...fast oxygen changes at chemoclines Crimean Shelf moorings (MPI, DE) Crimean Shelf

14 ...fast oxygen changes at chemoclines Crimean Shelf moorings (MPI, DE) boyancy 20 mab 10 mab CTDs 150 m 1.5 mab CTD & current meter, O 2 sensor 140 m 320 m 450 m anchor weight 130 m Crimean Shelf

15 courtesy of Moritz Holtappels...fast oxygen changes at chemoclines Crimean Shelf moorings (MPI, DE) Crimean Shelf

16 ...HYPOX approaches and achievements Monitoring seasonal and episodic changes in oxygenation Loch Etive Koljoe Fjord Eckernfoerde Bay Romanian Shelf Ionian Sea lagoons & embayments

17 scheme: Henrik Stahl...seasonal and episodic oxygen changes Loch Etive cabled observatory (SAMS, UK) Loch Etive

18 scheme: Henrik Stahl...seasonal and episodic oxygen changes Loch Etive cabled observatory (SAMS, UK) Loch Etive

19 ...seasonal and episodic oxygen changes Loch Etive cabled observatory (SAMS, UK) Loch Etive courtesy of Henrik Stahl

20 courtesy of Dmitry Aleynik...seasonal and episodic oxygen changes Loch Etive exchange modeling (SAMS, UK) Loch Etive

21 ...seasonal and episodic oxygen changes Loch Etive exchange modeling (SAMS, UK) Loch Etive courtesy of Dmitry Aleynik

22 ...HYPOX approaches and achievements Other modeling target areas: Koljoe Fjord (UGOT, SE) Baltic Sea (Geomar, DE) Black Sea (HZG, DE; MARE-ULg, BE; NIVA, NO) Loch Etive Swiss lakes (Eawag, CH) Koljoe Fjord Eckernfoerde Bay Swiss lakes Black Sea

23 Hausgarten...HYPOX approaches and achievements Investigating long term oxygenation trends in response to climate variation Swiss lakes Black Sea Bosporus

24 ...long term oxygen changes Swiss lakes long term oxygen monitioring (Eawag, CH) Apr. Sep. diss. P bottom water Swiss lakes total P entire lake Data source: Wasserversorgung Zürich Plot: D. Livingstone & R. North

25 ...long term oxygen changes Looking further into the past: biomarkers and inorganic proxies (Eawag, CH; ITU-EMCOL, TR) Swiss lakes Ionian Sea lagoons & embayments Bosporus

26 ...HYPOX activity examples Investigating hypoxia spatial scales Swiss lakes Crimean Shelf Ionian Sea lagoons & embayments Bosporus

27 photograph & data courtesy of Mathias Kirf...HYPOX activity examples Resolving fine scale O 2 gradients (Eawag, CH) Swiss lakes

28 photograph & data courtesy of Mathias Kirf...HYPOX activity examples Resolving fine scale O 2 gradients (Eawag, CH) Swiss lakes

29 ...HYPOX activity examples Mapping lateral O 2 gradients (INGV, IT; UPAT, GR; MPI, DE) Ionian Sea lagoons & embayments Crimean Shelf Black Sea Bosporus Photographs Geomar, MPI

30 ...HYPOX activity examples Mapping lateral O 2 gradients: methods Ionian Sea lagoons & embayments Crimean Shelf Black Sea Bosporus Photographs Geomar, MPI

31 ...HYPOX activity examples Mapping the Bosporus plume (MPI, DE) Bosporus Photograph MPI

32 ...HYPOX activity examples Mapping the Bosporus plume (MPI, DE) T at sigma 16.2 ~ 250 m Bosporus Data courtesy of Moritz Holtappels

33 ... Examples of HYPOX approaches and achievements (2): Investigating Hypoxia consequences

34 ...Effects on fauna Documentation of fish kills Romanian Shelf (AWI, DE, GeoEcoMar, RO) Romanian Shelf Ionian Sea lagoons & embayments

35 courtesy of J. Friedrich (data) & A. Teaca (photograph)...effects on fauna Documentation of fish kills Romanian Shelf (AWI, DE, GeoEcoMar, RO) Romanian Shelf

36 ...Effects on fauna Faunal patterns along O 2 gradients Benthic communities (Macro- & Meio-, & Microfauna Crimean & Romanian shelf (IBSS, MPI, GeoEcoMar) Romanian Shelf Crimean Shelf

37 ...Effects on fauna Biomass and Biodiversity (Romanian Shelf) Romanian Shelf courtesy of Marian T. Gomoiu

38 ...Effects on biogeochemical processes O 2 effects on biogeochemial processes Gotland Basin Eckernfoerde Bay Romanian Shelf Crimean Shelf Bosporus

39 ...Effects on biogeochemical processes O 2 effects on biogeochemial processes Sediment organic matter mineralization & nutrient cycling Crimean shelf, Romanian Shelf, Gotland Basin, Eckernförde Bay (AWI, MPI, Geomar, DE, UGOT, Gotland SE) Basin Eckernfoerde Bay Water column Biogeochemistry, Redoxcycling Bosporus outlet, swiss lakes Romanian Shelf (MPI, DE, Eawag, CH) Crimean Shelf Bosporus

40 ...Effects on biogeochemical processes O 2 effects on OM mineralization (Crimea) Crimean Shelf

41 ...Effects on biogeochemical processes O 2 effects on OM mineralization (Crimea) Crimean Shelf courtesy of Anna Lichschlag

42 ... Examples of HYPOX approaches and achievements (3): Improving data quality and access

43 Images: Thomas Soltwedel, Laurent Delaunay...improving data quality Testing & improving sensor performance O 2 sensor calibration and reliability tests (MPI, INGV, UGOT, Ifremer) anti-biofouling measures (Ifremer)

44 ...improving data access HYPOX site information and data access: hypox data portal (

45 ...improving data access Adding to the global system of systems: implementation in GEOSS

46 scheme courtesy of Christoph Waldmann...improving data access Adding to the global system of systems: implementation in GEOSS

47 ... HYPOX partners EC grant Max-Planck-Society ICES / PICES / IOC