New Progress of SinoProbe:

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1 New Progress of SinoProbe: Deep Exploration in China, Shuwen DONG, Tingdong LI, et al. Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

2 Background of Deep Exploration in World USA COCORP since1980s

3 (USArray) ( ) (SAFOD) (PBO)

4 EUROPROBE EuroProbe, was lasted 20 years, involved about 30 states and more than 1000 geoscientisits.

5 DECOPE DEKORP( Alps Transection

6 Rassia Transections and Deep Drillings

7 LithoProbe( )

8 AGCRC ( )

9 Deployment Map of SinoProbe ( ) GRN cells in China km 0 500km SinoProbe Deep Exploration in CHINA

10 Introduction to the SinoProbe The SinoProbe Deep Exploration in China, is a multidisciplinary earth science program in China, with the all aim to reveal the composition, structure and evolution of the continental lithosphere beneath Chinese continent, and promote capabilities of the scientific research and understanding of the Earth, exploration of natural resources, and early warning of geo-hazards.

11 Introduction to the SinoProbe The SinoProbe started in The first 5 years from is the initial phase of the SinoProbe, which is aimed at the testing of the feasibility of deep exploration technologies in geophysics, geochemistry, and continental deep drilling in China. The procedure of data collection and processing, and also the deep exploration instruments is developed in this phase. The other important goal is educating and training the new generation scientists for the launching of the SinoProbe program in full scale in the future. The total budget of the SinoProbe is ca. $200M for

12 Key Scientific Problems China occupies a large region of central and eastern Asia and holds key to resolve several first-order problems in Earth Sciences. Does continental lithosphere deform fundamentally in a plate-like or fluid-like fashion during continent-continent collision? Did the development of the Paleo- and Neo-Tethys and Paleo-Asia Oceans contribute to significant Phanerozoic production of continental crust in Earth's history? How did the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau control the regional and global climate change and biological evolution? How deformation of Tibet Plateau responded on driver from India and Western Pacific plates? What kind structure of lithosphere in east Asia influenced on formation and distribution of larger ore deposits and mechanism of earthquakes and geohazards?

13 Broad-band seismic stations with a total number of 585 and deploying length of 7300 km, paralleling to deep seismic reflection profiles. Deep seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction profiles with a total length of ca km. MT sounding with a total number of 1229 and length of 3300 km. Big Data: Nation-Wide Geophysical Data Deep seismic reflection profiles with a total length of ca km, crossing major orogens and basins in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the South China, the North China, and the Northeastern China. Up to 10 TB

14 Big Data: Nation-Wide Geophysical Data Dense 1 1 MT Standard Array observations: the North China (115 sites and 1386 physical points) and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (88 sites and 874 physical points). Nation-wide 4 4 MT Standard Array observations: total 47 firstorder sites and 834 physical points.

15 Big Data: Nation-Wide Geochemical Data Nation-wide geochemical baseline framework with cell size in 160 km 160 km, and samples analyzed with 78 crustal elements.

16 Continental scientific drilling and anomaly verification at three ore districts, 2 plate boundaries, and 1 volcano: 11 holes, with total drill footage of >20000 m. Deep-hole stress measurement and monitoring: 15 holes. Petrophysical property measurement and experiment: 2300 samples. Total data base collected: up to 20 TB. Publication: 510 papers, with 150 SCI and 30 EI. Appling 90 patents, with 51 inventions and 18 new-types approved. Approved 21 software copyrights.

17 MT Array : Standard Continental Magnetotelluric Network North China 4º 4º in China Established high-precision observation procedure, precise and standard data-processing and inversion technique of the MT array standard grid By Wei W.B. et al., CUGB

18 Regional Conductivity Map of North China By Wei W.B. et al., CUGB Depth of 5 km 2 km 5-15 km 1 1 network depths from 2 km to 250 km km km km

19 GRN cells GRN in China China geochemical baselines It has made a National-wide Geochemical Reference network, which is so-called China Geochemical Baselines with international standard. All the Crustal Elements, about 81 parameters covering 78 chemical elements, is analyzed at leading standard km 0 500km Global Geochemical Reference Network covering the mainland China By Wang X.Q. et al., CAGS

20 Experimentation of deep probing technologies and integration By Gao R. et al., IG, CAGS Proposed Deep Seismic Reflection Profiles Across China and Central and East Asia in the future 5000 km Deep Seismic Reflection Profiles were completed from 2008 to 2012 by SinoProbe -02.

21 New constraints on crustal structure and Moho topography in Central Tibet revealed by SinoProbe deep seismic reflection profiling In the first time, the SinoProbe has got strong Deep Seismic Reflection of the Super-Thick Crust, Lower Crust and Moho Surface in the Hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ~6.2 km Gao R. et al., 2013

22 the Crust Imaging across West Qinling Orogenic belt Developing Technology of deep exploration for Chinese continent, such as combined deep seismic reflection and refraction profiling, especially for the crust in Orogenic belt and Craton, has been set up by SinoProbe. By Gao R. et al., IG, CAGS Indian Plate The Shorted all-crustal Imaging in North-East Tibet Sichuan Basin Wang et al., 2011; EPSL Detachment layer