Darrell J. Henry and Charles V. Guidotti, 1985, Tourmaline as a petrogenetic indicator mineral: an example from the staurolitegrade metapelites of NW

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Darrell J. Henry and Charles V. Guidotti, 1985, Tourmaline as a petrogenetic indicator mineral: an example from the staurolitegrade metapelites of NW"

Transcription

1 Darrell J. Henry and Charles V. Guidotti, 1985, Tourmaline as a petrogenetic indicator mineral: an example from the staurolitegrade metapelites of NW Maine, American mineralogist, vol 70 p 1-15 Franco Piranjno and R. H. Smithies, 1992, The FeO/(FeO + MgO) ratio of tourmaline: a useful indicator of spatial variations in granite-related hydrothermal mineral deposits, Journal of Geochemical Exploration, vol. 42, p Vincent J. van Hinsberg et al., 2006, Hourglass sector zoning in metamorphic tourmaline and resultant major and trace-element fractionation. American mineralogist, v 91, p Vincent J. van Hinsberg, John C. Schumacher. 2007, Intersector element partitioning in tourmaline: a potentially powerful single crystal thermometer. Contrib Mineral Petrol vol p

2 Hardness : 7 7 ½ Density : Tourmaline 'Absence' of cleavage Hexagonal: class 3m, space group R3m Unit cell : a = 15.95, c = 7.24 General Formula XY 3 Z 6 T 6 O 18 (BO 3 )V 3 W (Na,Ca)(Li,Mg,Al)(Al,Fe,Mn) 6 (BO 3 ) 3 (Si 6 O 18 )(OH) 4

3 In the Mg-Li-Fe solid solution : schorl (Fe), elbaite (Al-Li), dravite (Mg) Schorl and elbaite usually granitic and pegmatitic, whereas dravite is more commonly sedimentary (detrital) and metamorphic (Pirajno, 1992) Related to weathering susceptibility of host rock?

4

5 Cyclosilicate: rings of SiO4 tetrahedron (note the orientation) Reactive ions (Na,Ca) occupies the rings' centre (X site) as a dodecahedron Densely packed unit cell Bond length generally close to 2 Å No obvious plane of weaker bonds

6 Absence of any symmetry element perpendicular to the long axis (C axis). Symmetry

7 Zoning Tourmaline composition factors P, T Chemical environmental Bulk composition Mineral paragenesis Fluid composition Core-rim zoning, perpendicular to C axis What's happening along the C axis?

8 Core to rim abrupt colour change Zoned rim vs homogenous core Constant colour variations Composition change Possible cause Change in host rock paragenesis. Detrital provenance of the core. Homogenization at thermal peak of metamorphism. Respective problems Properties are inconstant with continuous growth. Similarities between core and rim, widespread occurrence Variability of core to rim relative diameter ratio, textural relationship often inconsistent

9

10

11 Hourglass sector zoning Vincent Van Hinsberg et al., 2006, Hourglass sector zoning in metamorphic tourmaline and resultant major and trace-element fractionation. American mineralogist, v 91, p

12 Hourglass sector zoning along the c axis Observed in other minerals Non symmetrical composition in both directions Inclusions may lead to the presence of shadows

13 Electron microprobe wavelength dispersive element X-ray maps

14 Many compositional variation between sectors Superimposition of sector zoning and growth zoning Compositional differences are variable relative to the distance along the c axis

15 Why? Uneven incorporation of elements in different growth surfaces (which face does what?). Dipolar charge of the tetrahedron rings Site morphology of the r faces Preservation of crystal disequilibrium caused by slow diffusion rate. Is this type of sector zoning present tourmaline from other geological settings?

16 . Hourglass sector zoning has now been observed in tourmaline from other geological settings. Magmatic tourmaline seems to show the hourglass sector zoning along the o face more frequently.

17 Intersector element partitioning Vincent j. Van Hinsberg, John C. Scumacher Intersector element partitioning in tourmaline: a potentially powerful single crystal thermometer. Contrib Mineral Petrol vol p

18 Conclusion Properties derived from the crystal structure of tourmaline make a good potential mineral indicator. Abundance reduces the direct use of its presence as a discriminant information. Variability in chemical composition may hint to the crystallization environment. Sector zoning, along with growth zoning, need to be taken into account in order to obtain valid tourmaline chemistry assessment. Intersector element partitioning may reveal information on crystallization environment history.

19 Other use: Spatial relation indicator in granite-related hydrothermal deposits However: needs a well constrained system, dependance on wall rock composition. Relation with zoning? (Pirajno, 1992)

Accessory minerals. Prof. RNDr. Milan Novák, CSc. R. Čopjaková, R. Škoda)

Accessory minerals. Prof. RNDr. Milan Novák, CSc. R. Čopjaková, R. Škoda) Accessory minerals Prof. RNDr. Milan Novák, CSc. R. Čopjaková, R. Škoda) Tourmaline group Thesis: 1. Crystal structure and chemical composition 2. Classification of tourmalines 3. Tourmaline from distinct

More information

Uniaxial Minerals Descriptions

Uniaxial Minerals Descriptions Uniaxial Minerals Descriptions Look at 6 uniaxial minerals Quartz Nepheline Calcite Apatite Tourmaline Zircon Examine composition, relief, colour, form, cleavage, twinning, birefringence, occurrence Quartz

More information

Hourglass sector zoning in metamorphic tourmaline and resultant major and trace-element fractionation

Hourglass sector zoning in metamorphic tourmaline and resultant major and trace-element fractionation American Mineralogist, Volume 91, pages 717 728, 2006 Hourglass sector zoning in metamorphic tourmaline and resultant major and trace-element fractionation VINCENT J. VAN HINSBERG, 1, * JOHN C. SCHUMACHER,

More information

12 Chemistry (Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 Olivine is forms what is called an isomorphous solid solution series that ranges between two end members: Forsterite Mg

12 Chemistry (Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 Olivine is forms what is called an isomorphous solid solution series that ranges between two end members: Forsterite Mg 11 Olivine Structure Olivine is a common green or brown rock forming minerals which consists of a solid-solution series between Forsterite (Fo) and Fayalite (Fa). It is an orthorhombic orthosilicate with

More information

Geos 306, Mineralogy Final Exam, Dec 12, pts

Geos 306, Mineralogy Final Exam, Dec 12, pts Name: Geos 306, Mineralogy Final Exam, Dec 12, 2014 200 pts 1. (9 pts) What are the 4 most abundant elements found in the Earth and what are their atomic abundances? Create a reasonable hypothetical charge-balanced

More information

Origin and Chemical Characteristics of Tourmaline in Kahang Porphyry Copper Deposit, NE Isfahan, Central Province of Iran

Origin and Chemical Characteristics of Tourmaline in Kahang Porphyry Copper Deposit, NE Isfahan, Central Province of Iran Origin and Chemical Characteristics of Tourmaline in Kahang Porphyry Copper Deposit, NE Isfahan, Central Province of Iran Pezhman Rasekh 1 (P.rasekh@ut.ac.ir), Mirsaleh Mirmohammadi 2, Mahin Mansouri Esfahani

More information

Ionic Coordination and Silicate Structures

Ionic Coordination and Silicate Structures Ionic Coordination and Silicate Structures Pauling s Rules A coordination polyhedron of anions forms around a cation Ionic distance determined by radii Coordination number determined by radius ratio. May

More information

Chromite and tourmaline chemical composition as a guide to mineral exploration

Chromite and tourmaline chemical composition as a guide to mineral exploration Chromite and tourmaline chemical composition as a guide to mineral exploration Gabriel Voicu Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada and Cambior Management Services Content of presentation Part 1 Chromite

More information

Engineering Geology. Igneous rocks. Hussien Al - deeky

Engineering Geology. Igneous rocks. Hussien Al - deeky Igneous rocks Hussien Al - deeky 1 The Geology Definition of Rocks In Geology Rock is defined as the solid material forming the outer rocky shell or crust of the earth. There are three major groups of

More information

EPSC 233. Compositional variation in minerals. Recommended reading: PERKINS, p. 286, 41 (Box 2-4).

EPSC 233. Compositional variation in minerals. Recommended reading: PERKINS, p. 286, 41 (Box 2-4). EPSC 233 Compositional variation in minerals Recommended reading: PERKINS, p. 286, 41 (Box 2-4). Some minerals are nearly pure elements. These are grouped under the category of native elements. This includes

More information

GEOLOGY. Subject : GEOLOGY (For under graduate student.) Paper No. : Paper 02 Introduction to Geology 02

GEOLOGY. Subject : GEOLOGY (For under graduate student.) Paper No. : Paper 02 Introduction to Geology 02 GEOLOGY Subject : GEOLOGY (For under graduate student.) Paper No. : Paper 02 Introduction to Geology 02 Topic No. & Title : 37 Magma Bowen Series (Part 01) Academic Script What is Igneous Petrology? Igneous

More information

Solid Earth materials:

Solid Earth materials: Solid Earth materials: Elements minerals rocks Nonuniform distribution of matter Molten core Contains most heavy elements Iron, nickel Thin surface crust Mostly lighter elements 8 elements make up 98.6%

More information

Minerals. Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding. Definition of a Mineral 2-1

Minerals. Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding. Definition of a Mineral 2-1 Minerals In order to define a what we mean by a mineral we must first make some definitions: 2-1 Most of the Earth s surface is composed of rocky material. An element is a substance which cannot be broken

More information

Silicates. The most common group of minerals forming the silicate Earth

Silicates. The most common group of minerals forming the silicate Earth Silicates The most common group of minerals forming the silicate Earth 25% of all minerals (~1000) 40% of rock forming minerals 90% of earth s crust i.e those minerals you are likely to find ~100 of earth

More information

Earth Science 232 Petrography

Earth Science 232 Petrography Earth Science 232 Petrography Course notes by Shaun Frape and Alec Blyth Winter 2002 1 Petrology - Introduction Some Definitions Petra Greek for rock Logos Greek for disclosure or explanation Petrology

More information

Chapter IV MINERAL CHEMISTRY

Chapter IV MINERAL CHEMISTRY Chapter IV MINERAL CHEMISTRY Chapter-IV MINERAL CHEMISTRY 4.1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, chemical analyses of different minerals present in various rocks of Mashhad granitoid plutons have been presented.

More information

About Earth Materials

About Earth Materials Grotzinger Jordan Understanding Earth Sixth Edition Chapter 3: EARTH MATERIALS Minerals and Rocks 2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company About Earth Materials All Earth materials are composed of atoms bound

More information

LABORATORY AND IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY OF TOURMALINE A TOOL FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION.

LABORATORY AND IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY OF TOURMALINE A TOOL FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION. LABORATORY AND IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY OF TOURMALINE A TOOL FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION. P.N. Bierwirth Defence Imagery and Geospatial Organisation Russell Offices, Canberra (02) 61277291 Fax: 61277396 Philip.Bierwirth@defence.gov.au

More information

Atoms and Elements. Chemical Composition of the Earth s Crust Crystallinity. Chemical Activity Ions. The Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron

Atoms and Elements. Chemical Composition of the Earth s Crust Crystallinity. Chemical Activity Ions. The Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron Atoms and Elements Chemical Activity Ions Chemical Composition of the Earth s Crust Crystallinity The Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron Minerals Crystalline Solids Natural and Inorganic Substances Definite Chemical

More information

Paper 1: THE ROLE OF FLUORINE IN THE FORMATION OF COLOR ZONING IN RUBIES FROM MONG HSU, MYANMAR (BURMA)

Paper 1: THE ROLE OF FLUORINE IN THE FORMATION OF COLOR ZONING IN RUBIES FROM MONG HSU, MYANMAR (BURMA) Paper 1: THE ROLE OF FLUORINE IN THE FORMATION OF COLOR ZONING IN RUBIES FROM MONG HSU, MYANMAR (BURMA) Dr A. Peretti 1,DrJ.Mullis 2 and F. Mouawad 3 1. P. O. Box 4028, 6002 Lucerne, Switzerland 2. Sissach,

More information

Silicate Structures. Silicate Minerals: Pauling s s Rules and. Elemental Abundance in Crust. Elemental Abundance in Crust: Pauling s s Rules

Silicate Structures. Silicate Minerals: Pauling s s Rules and. Elemental Abundance in Crust. Elemental Abundance in Crust: Pauling s s Rules Silicate Minerals: Pauling s s Rules and Silicate Structures February 6, 2007 Elemental Abundance in Crust Fe Ion O 2- Si 4+ Al 3+, 3+ Ca Na + K + Mg mol % 2.6 1.4 mol% x charge 4.8 3.8 2.6 1.4 3.8 Sum

More information

Chemical variation in tourmalines from south-west England

Chemical variation in tourmalines from south-west England Read at the Annual Conference of the Ussher Society, January 1991 Chemical variation in tourmalines from south-west England D. A. C. MANNING Manning, D.A.C. 1991. Chemical variation in tourmalines from

More information

INTRODUCTION TO MINERALOGY 15

INTRODUCTION TO MINERALOGY 15 INTRODUCTION TO MINERALOGY 15 Silicates vs. phosphates, and sulphates Electronegativities: Si 1.8 P 2.1 S 2.5 Typical occurences: Accessory in igneous rocks, large masses in pegmatites, also biomineral

More information

Accessory minerals. Al 2 SiO 5 modifications and other Al-rich minerals. Thesis: Prof. RNDr. Milan Novák, CSc.

Accessory minerals. Al 2 SiO 5 modifications and other Al-rich minerals. Thesis: Prof. RNDr. Milan Novák, CSc. Accessory minerals Prof. RNDr. Milan Novák, CSc. Al 2 SiO 5 modifications and other Al-rich minerals Thesis: 1. Introduction 2. Al 2 SiO 5 modifications 3. Alteration of Al 2 SiO 5 4. Related minerals

More information

Rocks and the Rock Cycle notes from the textbook, integrated with original contributions

Rocks and the Rock Cycle notes from the textbook, integrated with original contributions Rocks and the Rock Cycle notes from the textbook, integrated with original contributions Alessandro Grippo, Ph.D. Gneiss (a metamorphic rock) from Catalina Island, California Alessandro Grippo review Rocks

More information

The Nucleus. Protons. Positive electrical charge The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number

The Nucleus. Protons. Positive electrical charge The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number Matter Atoms The smallest unit of an element that retain its properties Small nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons The nucleus contains protons and neutrons The Nucleus Protons Positive electrical

More information

From Jeffrey E. Patterson, Ph.D. candidate, University of Calgary,

From Jeffrey E. Patterson, Ph.D. candidate, University of Calgary, From Jeffrey E. Patterson, Ph.D. candidate, University of Calgary, (jeffreyp@pegmatite.com) Drs. Martin, White, and London present interesting comments regarding some aspects of hollow tourmaline growth

More information

LAB 5: COMMON MINERALS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS

LAB 5: COMMON MINERALS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS EESC 2100: Mineralogy LAB 5: COMMON MINERALS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS Part 1: Minerals in Granitic Rocks Learning Objectives: Students will be able to identify the most common minerals in granitoids Students will

More information

Pegmatite Deposits. This text is based on the book of London (2008). Additional literature is listed in the references.

Pegmatite Deposits. This text is based on the book of London (2008). Additional literature is listed in the references. Pegmatite Deposits This text is based on the book of London (2008). Additional literature is listed in the references. Definition: Pegmatites are often defined as very coarse-grained igneous rocks, usually

More information

UNIT TOPICS TOPIC 1: MINERALS TOPIC 2: IGNEOUS ROCKS TOPIC 3: SEDIMENTARY ROCKS TOPIC 4: METAMORPHIC ROCKS TOPIC 5: THE ROCK CYCLE

UNIT TOPICS TOPIC 1: MINERALS TOPIC 2: IGNEOUS ROCKS TOPIC 3: SEDIMENTARY ROCKS TOPIC 4: METAMORPHIC ROCKS TOPIC 5: THE ROCK CYCLE UNIT TOPICS TOPIC 1: MINERALS TOPIC 2: IGNEOUS ROCKS TOPIC 3: SEDIMENTARY ROCKS TOPIC 4: METAMORPHIC ROCKS TOPIC 5: THE ROCK CYCLE TOPIC 1: MINERALS ESSENTIAL QUESTION: WHAT ARE MINERALS AND HOW DO WE

More information

Lecture 14: A brief review

Lecture 14: A brief review Lecture 14: A brief review A few updates for the remainder of the course Report for the lab on pelite metamorphism - Lab 3 Needs to be handed in before Tuesday the 14 th of March at 17:00. My most important

More information

Igneous Rock Classification, Processes and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 100

Igneous Rock Classification, Processes and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 100 Igneous Rock Classification, Processes and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 100 Ray Rector - Instructor Major Concepts 1) Igneous rocks form directly from the crystallization of a magma or lava 2)

More information

Crust Elements. Elements of Earth. Minerals. Crystals. Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air

Crust Elements. Elements of Earth. Minerals. Crystals. Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Emily and Megan Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Made of atoms Earth is mostly iron, by weight Elements of Earth Made of atoms

More information

Lecture 3 Rocks and the Rock Cycle Dr. Shwan Omar

Lecture 3 Rocks and the Rock Cycle Dr. Shwan Omar Rocks A naturally occurring aggregate of one or more minerals (e.g., granite), or a body of non-crystalline material (e.g., obsidian glass), or of solid organic material (e.g., coal). Rock Cycle A sequence

More information

Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 1, Week 8, Day 1

Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 1, Week 8, Day 1 Earth Science Lesson Plan Quarter 1, Week 8, Day 1 1 Outcomes for Today Standard focus: Earth Sciences 3.c Students know how to explain the properties of rocks based on physical and chemical conditions

More information

Reactions take place in a direction that lowers Gibbs free energy

Reactions take place in a direction that lowers Gibbs free energy Metamorphic Rocks Reminder notes: Metamorphism Metasomatism Regional metamorphism Contact metamorphism Protolith Prograde Retrograde Fluids dewatering and decarbonation volatile flux Chemical change vs

More information

PETROGENESIS OF A SERIES OF MAFIC SHEETS WITHIN THE VINALHAVEN PLUTON, VINALHAVEN ISLAND, MAINE

PETROGENESIS OF A SERIES OF MAFIC SHEETS WITHIN THE VINALHAVEN PLUTON, VINALHAVEN ISLAND, MAINE PETROGENESIS OF A SERIES OF MAFIC SHEETS WITHIN THE VINALHAVEN PLUTON, VINALHAVEN ISLAND, MAINE DANIEL HAWKINS Western Kentucky University Research Advisor: Andrew Wulff INTRODUCTION Round Point, in the

More information

Lin Chen Robert A Creaser Daniel J Kontak Oct 29th, 2014

Lin Chen Robert A Creaser Daniel J Kontak Oct 29th, 2014 FURTHER Re-Os ARSENOPYRITE GEOCHRONOLOGY FROM SELECTED MEGUMA AU DEPOSITS, MEGUMA TERRANE, NOVA SCOTIA: POSSIBLE EVIDENCE FOR A PROTRACTED GOLD-FORMING SYSTEM Lin Chen Robert A Creaser Daniel J Kontak

More information

Exploring in the last frontier: Skarn mineralisation, Attunga District, NSW

Exploring in the last frontier: Skarn mineralisation, Attunga District, NSW BROVEY MAPPING SERVICES Exploring in the last frontier: Skarn mineralisation, Attunga District, NSW Latest exploration findings and interpretations Nancy Vickery, Joshua Leigh and Michael Oates Outline

More information

LAB 2: SILICATE MINERALS

LAB 2: SILICATE MINERALS GEOLOGY 640: Geology through Global Arts and Artifacts LAB 2: SILICATE MINERALS FRAMEWORK SILICATES The framework silicates quartz and feldspar are the most common minerals in Earth s crust. Quartz (SiO

More information

TOURMALINES FROM THE STEWART MINE, PALA, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA: CHEMISTRY AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

TOURMALINES FROM THE STEWART MINE, PALA, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA: CHEMISTRY AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE TOURMALINES FROM THE STEWART MINE, PALA, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA: CHEMISTRY AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE JOHN M. HUGHES 1 AND JACOB MENKEN Department of Geology, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT

More information

Mejdar Deposit Petrogenesis A Case Study of Copper Mineralization Belt in North West of Iran

Mejdar Deposit Petrogenesis A Case Study of Copper Mineralization Belt in North West of Iran Mejdar Deposit Petrogenesis A Case Study of Copper Mineralization Belt in North West of Iran Y. Vasigh 1, R. Zamani 2 1 Corresponding author: Islamic Azad University-Ardabil branch, Basij Sq., Ardabil

More information

LAB 2 IDENTIFYING MATERIALS FOR MAKING SOILS: ROCK AND PARENT MATERIALS

LAB 2 IDENTIFYING MATERIALS FOR MAKING SOILS: ROCK AND PARENT MATERIALS LAB 2 IDENTIFYING MATERIALS FOR MAKING SOILS: ROCK AND PARENT MATERIALS Learning outcomes The student is able to: 1. understand and identify rocks 2. understand and identify parent materials 3. recognize

More information

Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20

Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20 Minerals and Rocks Chapter 20 Emily and Megan Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Elements of Earth by weight Made of atoms Earth

More information

Examining Minerals and Rocks

Examining Minerals and Rocks Examining Minerals and Rocks What is a mineral? A mineral is homogenous, naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition, a highly ordered

More information

Breeding et al., Data Repository Material Figure DR1. Athens. Study Area

Breeding et al., Data Repository Material Figure DR1. Athens. Study Area Breeding, Ague, and Brocker 1 Figure DR1 21 o 24 Greece o A 38 o Athens Tinos 37 o Syros Attic-Cycladic Blueschist Belt Syros Kampos B Study Area Ermoupoli N Vari Unit Cycladic HP-LT Unit Marble horizons

More information

Happy Tuesday. Pull out a ½ sheet of paper

Happy Tuesday. Pull out a ½ sheet of paper Happy Tuesday Pull out a ½ sheet of paper 1. Physical properties of a mineral are predominantly related to 1. the external conditions of temperature, pressure, and amount of space available for growth.

More information

Metamorphic Petrology GLY 712 Geothermo-barometry

Metamorphic Petrology GLY 712 Geothermo-barometry Metamorphic Petrology GLY 712 Geothermo-barometry What is thermobarometry? Thermobarometry is concerned with estimating or inferring the temperatures and pressures at which a rock formed and/or subsequently

More information

Rock Cycle and Rock Types Homework

Rock Cycle and Rock Types Homework Rock Cycle and Rock Types Homework Completion Complete each statement. 1. A(n) is a solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally. 2. Rocks are generally classified as igneous,, or

More information

Minerals II: Physical Properties and Crystal Forms. From:

Minerals II: Physical Properties and Crystal Forms. From: Minerals II: Physical Properties and Crystal Forms From: http://webmineral.com/data/rhodochrosite.shtml The Physical Properties of Minerals Color Streak Luster Hardness External Crystal Form Cleavage The

More information

Sorosilicates, Colors in Minerals (cont), and Deep Earth Minerals. ESS212 January 20, 2006

Sorosilicates, Colors in Minerals (cont), and Deep Earth Minerals. ESS212 January 20, 2006 Sorosilicates, Colors in Minerals (cont), and Deep Earth Minerals ESS212 January 20, 2006 Double tetrahedron Sorosilicate is defined by the Si 2 O 7 group. Three groups of minerals, commonly, Epidote Zoisite

More information

Chapter 4 Implications of paleoceanography and paleoclimate

Chapter 4 Implications of paleoceanography and paleoclimate Age ka / Chapter 4 Implications of paleoceanography and paleoclimate 4.1 Paleoclimate expression 4.2 Implications of paleocirculation and tectonics 4.3 Paleoenvironmental reconstruction MD05-2901 (Liu

More information

2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

2 Igneous Rock. How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture of igneous rock? BEFORE YOU READ. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures CHAPTER 2 2 Igneous Rock SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do igneous rocks form? What factors affect the texture

More information

Supplementary Materials for

Supplementary Materials for advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2/3/e1501725/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Discovery of natural MgSiO3 tetragonal garnet in a shocked chondritic meteorite The PDF file includes: Naotaka Tomioka,

More information

Petrology and Geochronology of Iran Tepe volcano, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria: Age relationship with the Ada Tepe gold deposit. (preliminary data)

Petrology and Geochronology of Iran Tepe volcano, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria: Age relationship with the Ada Tepe gold deposit. (preliminary data) Petrology and Geochronology of Iran Tepe volcano, Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria: Age relationship with the Ada Tepe gold deposit. (preliminary data) Peter Kibarov, Peter Marchev, Maria Ovtcharova, Raya Raycheva,

More information

Earth Science 11: Minerals

Earth Science 11: Minerals lname: Date: Earth Science 11: Minerals Purpose: Text Pages: I can identify and classify minerals using their physical and chemical properties 90-111 *This is recommended reading! Matter and Atoms (5.1)

More information

Shortcuts to mineral formulae

Shortcuts to mineral formulae Silicates JD Price Silicate Structure Silicate Structure (SiO2) Shortcuts to mineral formulae W cations with 8- (Ca 2+, Fe 2+, Mn 2+, Na + ) to 12-fold coordination (K +, Ba 2+ ) X divalent cations in

More information

Hadean diamonds in zircon from Jack Hills, Western Australia

Hadean diamonds in zircon from Jack Hills, Western Australia Hadean diamonds in zircon from Jack Hills, Western Australia Martina Menneken 1, Alexander A. Nemchin 2, Thorsten Geisler 1, Robert T. Pidgeon 2 & Simon A. Wilde 2 1 Institut fur Mineralogie, WestfalischeWilhelms-Universitat,

More information

Chapter 3. Atoms and Minerals. Earth Materials

Chapter 3. Atoms and Minerals. Earth Materials Chapter 3 Atoms and Minerals Earth Materials Atoms and Elements: Isotopes and Ions A Review of Chemistry Atoms Atoms are composed of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons A proton has an electric charge of +1

More information

LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF GEOLOGY «ROCK-FORMING MINERALS OF OLIVINE GROUP»

LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF GEOLOGY «ROCK-FORMING MINERALS OF OLIVINE GROUP» LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF GEOLOGY «ROCK-FORMING MINERALS OF OLIVINE GROUP» A.B. Shefel GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Goal: Review of modern literature in order to summarize information about

More information

Earth Science Chapter 6 Rocks

Earth Science Chapter 6 Rocks Earth Science Chapter 6 Rocks I. Rocks and the Rock Cycle * Material that makes up the solid part of the Earth. * Made of a variety of different combinations of minerals and organic matter. A. Three Major

More information

Supplementary Table 1.

Supplementary Table 1. Supplementary Table 1. Compositional groups, typical sample numbers and location with their bulk compositional, mineralogical and petrographic characteristics at different metamorphic grades. Metamorphic

More information

MUSCOVITE PHYLLITE. KAl 2 (AlSi 3 O 10 )(F,OH) 2. Metamorphic. Crystal System: Monoclinic Hardness: Cleavage: Perfect on [001]

MUSCOVITE PHYLLITE. KAl 2 (AlSi 3 O 10 )(F,OH) 2. Metamorphic. Crystal System: Monoclinic Hardness: Cleavage: Perfect on [001] 0001 MUSCOVITE KAl 2 (AlSi 3 O 10 )(F,OH) 2 Phyllosilicate Crystal System: Monoclinic Hardness: 2-2.5 Vitreous Cleavage: Perfect on [001] Associated with the pegmatite at Tamminen Quarry, Oxford, ME (D1).

More information

Chemical and morphological variation in tourmalines from the Hub Kapong batholith of peninsular Thailand

Chemical and morphological variation in tourmalines from the Hub Kapong batholith of peninsular Thailand MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, VOL. 45, 1982, PP. 139-47 Chemical and morphological variation in tourmalines from the Hub Kapong batholith of peninsular Thailand D. A. C. MANNING* Department of Geology, The University,

More information

Lecture 6 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes

Lecture 6 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes Lecture 6 - Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes Learning objectives Understand and be able to predict where and why magma will be forming at different tectonic settings Understand the factors controlling magma

More information

Minerals and Rocks. Test Review Activity. Begin

Minerals and Rocks. Test Review Activity. Begin Minerals and Rocks Test Review Activity Begin What type of rock is this? How can you tell? Question #1 If the crystals Sample in this felsic Digneous rock are 3-6 mm in size, what rock is it? Last Question

More information

PETROGENESIS OF ENCLAVES WITHIN THE PEGGY S COVE MONZOGRANITE, SOUTHERN NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA

PETROGENESIS OF ENCLAVES WITHIN THE PEGGY S COVE MONZOGRANITE, SOUTHERN NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA PETROGENESIS OF ENCLAVES WITHIN THE PEGGY S COVE MONZOGRANITE, SOUTHERN NOVA SCOTIA, CANADA HINA IMTIAZ Trinity University Research Advisor: Dr. Benjamin Surpless INTRODUCTION The Canadian province of

More information

Environments of Mineral Formation. Stability Diagrams

Environments of Mineral Formation. Stability Diagrams Environments of Mineral Formation Unary, Binary, and Ternary Mineral Stability Diagrams Minerals of differing composition (or polymorphs of the same mineral) that coexist at a set of pressure (P) temperature

More information

Magmatic Ore Deposits:

Magmatic Ore Deposits: Magmatic Ore Deposits: A number of processes that occur during cooling and crystallization of magmatic bodies can lead to the separation and concentration of minerals. 1- Pegmatites 2- Layered intrusions

More information

GEOCHEMISTRY UNIFORM SYLLABUS

GEOCHEMISTRY UNIFORM SYLLABUS GEOCHEMISTRY UNIFORM SYLLABUS The Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of the Province of British Columbia Note: 1. This Syllabus May Be Subject To Change 2. These Courses Are Required

More information

Copyright SOIL STRUCTURE and CLAY MINERALS

Copyright SOIL STRUCTURE and CLAY MINERALS SOIL STRUCTURE and CLAY MINERALS Soil Structure Structure of a soil may be defined as the mode of arrangement of soil grains relative to each other and the forces acting between them to hold them in their

More information

9/4/2015. Feldspars White, pink, variable Clays White perfect Quartz Colourless, white, red, None

9/4/2015. Feldspars White, pink, variable Clays White perfect Quartz Colourless, white, red, None ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Chapter 1.0: Introduction to engineering geology Chapter 2.0: Rock classification Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks Chapter 3.0: Weathering & soils Chapter 4.0: Geological

More information

REMINDER. MOVIE: Rocks that Originate Underground 5:41 to 12:40

REMINDER. MOVIE: Rocks that Originate Underground 5:41 to 12:40 REMINDER 2 chapters covered next week Sedimentary Rocks Soils and Weathering (first half) Learn vocabulary for both! Turn to Neighbor: Without using your book or notes, try to remember which te mineral

More information

Metasomatism Model. Metasomatism. Fluid Buffers. Volatile Species. C-O-H-S System. Speciation in C-O-H-S fluids

Metasomatism Model. Metasomatism. Fluid Buffers. Volatile Species. C-O-H-S System. Speciation in C-O-H-S fluids Metasomatism Model Metasomatism Reading: Winter, Chapter 30 Obvious in rocks with contrasting mineral layers Related to unequal partitioning of elements between solid phases and fluids Model uses ion-exchange

More information

Atoms, Molecules and Minerals

Atoms, Molecules and Minerals Atoms, Molecules and Minerals Atoms Matter The smallest unit of an element that retain its properties Molecules - a small orderly group of atoms that possess specific properties - H 2 O Small nucleus surrounded

More information

TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWEDGE. Minerals, Rocks and the Rock Cycle

TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWEDGE. Minerals, Rocks and the Rock Cycle TEACHER BACKGROUND KNOWEDGE Minerals, Rocks and the Rock Cycle Core Concepts Rocks in the Earth s crust vary in their form and structure based on process that made them. The constant changing of the form

More information

Structure of the Earth

Structure of the Earth And the ROCK CYCLE Structure of the Earth Compositional (Chemical) Layers Crust: Low density High in silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) Moho: Density boundary between crust and mantle Mantle: Higher density High

More information

TOURMALINE AND TOURMALINE BRECCIA PIPES FROM THE SUPERGIANT PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSITS OF THE EL TENIENTE BELT, CENTRAL CHILE

TOURMALINE AND TOURMALINE BRECCIA PIPES FROM THE SUPERGIANT PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSITS OF THE EL TENIENTE BELT, CENTRAL CHILE U N I V E R S I D A D D E C O N C E P C I Ó N DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA 10 CONGRESO GEOLÓGICO CHILENO 2003 TOURMALINE AND TOURMALINE BRECCIA PIPES FROM THE SUPERGIANT PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSITS

More information

Lecture 4 What Controls the Composition of Seawater

Lecture 4 What Controls the Composition of Seawater Lecture 4 What Controls the Composition of Seawater Seawater is salty! Why? What controls the composition of seawater? Do Chemical Equilibrium reactions control the composition of the Ocean? What is meant

More information

Matter and Minerals. Earth 9 th edition Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form "Mineral" defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more).

Matter and Minerals. Earth 9 th edition Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form Mineral defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more). 1 2 Matter and Minerals Earth 9 th edition Chapter 3 Minerals: summary in haiku form "Mineral" defined: natural, inorganic, solid (and two more). continued... 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Also crystalline,

More information

2/23/2009. Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. Minerals. By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner. Chapter 2 Minerals: Earth s Building Blocks

2/23/2009. Visualizing Earth Science. Chapter Overview. Minerals. By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner. Chapter 2 Minerals: Earth s Building Blocks Visualizing Earth Science By Z. Merali and B. F. Skinner Chapter 2 Minerals: Earth s Building Blocks Chapter Overview Minerals The Nature of Matter Identifying Minerals Classifying Minerals Mineral Resources

More information

Feldspars. Structure. The feldspars are by far the most abundant group of minerals and are found in igneous, metamorphic and many sedimentary rocks.

Feldspars. Structure. The feldspars are by far the most abundant group of minerals and are found in igneous, metamorphic and many sedimentary rocks. Feldspars The feldspars are by far the most abundant group of minerals and are found in igneous, metamorphic and many sedimentary rocks. Structure Felsdpars are framework silicates where each silica tetrahedra

More information

Rock Cycle. Presented by Kesler Science

Rock Cycle. Presented by Kesler Science Presented by Kesler Science Essential Questions: What processes are involved in the formation and classification of metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous rocks? Sediments A model that describes the formation,

More information

Weathering and Clast Production Geol 113

Weathering and Clast Production Geol 113 Weathering and Clast Production Geol 113 Goals: To understand the production of clasts from the weathering of rocks. Materials: rock and sediment samples from the two localities, sediment grain size chart,

More information

Emily and Megan. Earth System Science. Elements of Earth by weight. Crust Elements, by weight. Minerals. Made of atoms Earth is mostly iron, by weight

Emily and Megan. Earth System Science. Elements of Earth by weight. Crust Elements, by weight. Minerals. Made of atoms Earth is mostly iron, by weight Emily and Megan Chapter 20 MINERALS AND ROCKS Earth System Science Interconnected Rocks and minerals Interior processes Erosion and deposition Water and air Elements of Earth by weight Made of atoms Earth

More information

J. Mangas and F.J. Perez-Torrado. Departamento de Física. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.

J. Mangas and F.J. Perez-Torrado. Departamento de Física. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Magmatic processes in the oceanic lithosphere: characterization of the ultramafic and mafic materials from the Holocene volcanic centers of Bandama and La Caldera de Pinos de Gáldar (Gran Canaria, Canary

More information

Minerals Give Clues To Their Environment Of Formation. Also. Rocks: Mixtures of Minerals

Minerals Give Clues To Their Environment Of Formation. Also. Rocks: Mixtures of Minerals Minerals Give Clues To Their Environment Of Formation!!Can be a unique set of conditions to form a particular mineral or rock!!temperature and pressure determine conditions to form diamond or graphite

More information

1 What Is a Mineral? Critical Thinking 2. Apply Concepts Glass is made up of silicon and oxygen atoms in a 1:2 ratio. The SiO 2

1 What Is a Mineral? Critical Thinking 2. Apply Concepts Glass is made up of silicon and oxygen atoms in a 1:2 ratio. The SiO 2 CHAPTER 5 1 What Is a Mineral? SECTION Minerals of Earth s Crust KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is a mineral? What are the two main groups of minerals? What are

More information

18. DISTRIBUTION OF FIRST SERIES TRANSITION METALS IN ROCKS RECOVERED DURING DSDP LEG 22 IN THE NORTHEASTERN INDIAN OCEAN 1

18. DISTRIBUTION OF FIRST SERIES TRANSITION METALS IN ROCKS RECOVERED DURING DSDP LEG 22 IN THE NORTHEASTERN INDIAN OCEAN 1 18. DISTRIBUTION OF FIRST SERIES TRANSITION METALS IN ROCKS RECOVERED DURING DSDP LEG 22 IN THE NORTHEASTERN INDIAN OCEAN 1 Henri Bougault, Centre Oceanologique de Bretagne, Brest, France INTRODUCTION

More information

it must be it must be it must have been formed by it must have it must have

it must be it must be it must have been formed by it must have it must have 6. Minerals II (p. 78-87) What is a mineral? The five characteristics required in order for a compound to be a mineral are: it must be it must be it must have been formed by it must have it must have Characteristics

More information

Quartz. ! Naturally occurring - formed by nature. ! Solid - not liquid or gas. Liquid water is not a mineral

Quartz. ! Naturally occurring - formed by nature. ! Solid - not liquid or gas. Liquid water is not a mineral GEOL 110 - Minerals, Igneous Rocks Minerals Diamond Azurite Quartz Why Study Minerals?! Rocks = aggregates of minerals! Importance to Society?! Importance to Geology? 5 part definition, must satisfy all

More information

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. College of Science and Engineering School of GeoSciences. Earth Materials UO4824 DEGREE EXAMINATION (MOCK) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. College of Science and Engineering School of GeoSciences. Earth Materials UO4824 DEGREE EXAMINATION (MOCK) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH College of Science and Engineering School of GeoSciences Earth Materials UO4824 DEGREE EXAMINATION (MOCK) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Chairman: External Examiners:

More information

Earth Materials II Review Optical Mineralogy and Igneous Minerals

Earth Materials II Review Optical Mineralogy and Igneous Minerals Earth Materials II Review Optical Mineralogy and Igneous Minerals Refractive Index and Angle of Refraction Refractive Index(R. I. ) = velocity of light in a vacuum velocity of light in a medium The refractive

More information

Economic Minerals. Azurite. Chalcopyrite and galena

Economic Minerals. Azurite. Chalcopyrite and galena Economic Minerals Azurite Emerald Chalcopyrite and galena Metallic minerals are mined specifically for the metals that can be extracted by smelting Examples: Sphalerite (zinc), galena (lead) Nonmetallic

More information

Rocks. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. The Rock Cycle. I. Rocks

Rocks. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. 3.1 The Rock Cycle. The Rock Cycle. I. Rocks Rocks Tarbuck Lutgens 3.1 The Rock Cycle 3.1 The Rock Cycle I. Rocks Rocks are any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter occurring naturally as part of our planet. Types of Rocks 1. Igneous rock

More information

ד"ר חנן גינת ד"ר ירון פינצי

דר חנן גינת דר ירון פינצי Geology The rock cycle Earth materials and their stories Experiments in the lab and working with rock kits (in school) Plate Tectonics The Dynamic Earth The story of fossils The Geological History of the

More information

Amy Cockerton Masters Preliminary Project Results Supervisor: Dr Andy Tomkins, Monash University

Amy Cockerton Masters Preliminary Project Results Supervisor: Dr Andy Tomkins, Monash University Amy Cockerton Masters Preliminary Project Results Supervisor: Dr Andy Tomkins, Monash University The study of fluid flow processes remains vital in the pursuit of understanding ore deposit formation. A

More information

610 C. DAVIDSON ET AL. thermal structure at a given instant in time. In-sequence thrusting may result in the propagation of top to the south shearing across the MCTZ and into the footwall of the MCT, thereby

More information

Matter and Minerals Earth: Chapter Pearson Education, Inc.

Matter and Minerals Earth: Chapter Pearson Education, Inc. Matter and Minerals Earth: Chapter 3 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks By definition a mineral is: Naturally occurring An inorganic solid Ordered internal molecular structure Definite chemical composition

More information

23/9/2013 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY. Chapter 2: Rock classification:

23/9/2013 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY. Chapter 2: Rock classification: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Chapter 2: Rock classification: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Chapter 1.0: Introduction to engineering geology Chapter 2.0: Rock classification Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks

More information