Reactions take place in a direction that lowers Gibbs free energy
|
|
- Marvin Skinner
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Metamorphic Rocks
2 Reminder notes: Metamorphism Metasomatism Regional metamorphism Contact metamorphism Protolith Prograde Retrograde Fluids dewatering and decarbonation volatile flux Chemical change vs textural changes Mud to gneiss
3 Thermodynamics and Gibbs free energy Reactions take place in a direction that lowers Gibbs free energy Equilibrium is achieved only when Gibbs free energy reaches a minimum At equilibrium, temperature, pressure, and chemical potentials of all components must be the same throughout Examples of metamorphic reactions and free energy calculations
4 Metamorphic Facies
5 Plotting metamorphic mineral diagrams
6
7 Petrogenetic Grid
8 AKFM diagram for pelitic rocks
9 Petrogenetic grid reactions in metapelites for greenschist and amphibolite facies
10 Assemblages in metapelites as a function of metamorphic grade
11 Role of Fluids in Metmorphism CaCO 3 + SiO 2 = CaSiO 3 + CO 2 (fluid)
12 Ca 2 Mg 5 Si 8 O CaCO 3 = 4CaMgSi 2 O 6 + CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 tremolite calcite diopside dolomite fluid
13 Metamorphic grade, index minerals, isograds, and metamorphic facies
14
15 Surface Free Energy Textures of metamorphic rocks Excess energy present in deformed crystals (elastic), twins, surface free energy Growth of new grains leads to decreasing free energy release elastic energy, reduce surface to volume ratio (increase grains size, exception occurs in zones of intense shearing where a number of nuclei are formed). Activation energy is provided by heating and deformation. Minerals with high surface free energy recrystallize before minerals with lower surface free energy. This leads to the Crystalloblastic series. Minerals with higher surface free energy form euhedral crystal faces relative to minerals with lower surface free energy.
16 Textures contact metamorphic rocks - Hornfels Cordierite and spinel Marble showing 120 o grain boundary junctures Law of sines γ = surface tension
17 Deformation and textures of regional metamorphic rocks Slaty cleavage dips to the left. Bedding near vertical.
18 Phyllite Schist Gneiss
19 Boudinage
20 Solution cleavage planes in limestone Axial plane solution cleavage in marble
21 Development of two cleavage directions
22 Helicitic texture - bands of inclusions that indicate original bedding or schistosity of the parent rock and cut through later-formed crystals of the metamorphic rock.
23 Plagioclase-hornblende mylonite Black veins of pseudotachylite
24 leucosome melanosome Migmatites Incipient melting of metamorphic rocks. Diagram below shows melting conditions relative metamorphic facies. A broad zone of Hbl pyx + H 2 O separates amphibolite and granulite facies and provides the water for melting
25 Geothermometers and Geobarometers GARB used to calculate temperature (Exchange reaction) Fe 3 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 + KMg 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2 Mg 3 Al 3 O 12 + KFe 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2 almandine phlogopite pyrobe annite 52, *T(K) *P(bar) + RT ln K = 0 where K = (X Mg gar X Fe bio )/(X Fe gar X Mg bio ) which is an exchange reaction
26 GASP used to calculate pressure (Net-transfer reaction) Net-transfer reactions cause phases to appear or disappear (in this case anorthotite 3CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 = Ca3Al 2 Si 3 O Al 2 SiO 5 + SiO 2 anorthite = grossular + kyanite + quartz -48, T(K) P (bar) + RT ln K = 0
27 A Complete Example Let's suppose you analyze a group of minerals that are in equilibrium and find the following compositions: garnet: Ca 0.42 Mg 0.51 Fe 2.04 Mn 0.03 Al 2 Si 3 O 12 biotite: KMg 1.62 Fe 1.38 AlSi 3 O 10 (OH) 2 plagioclase:na 0.64 Ca 0.36 Al 1.36 Si 2.64 O 8 kyanite quartz Let's determine the equilibrium P and T. Determine mole fractions X grs = 0.14 X prp = 0.17 X alm = 0.68 X ann = 0.46 X phl = 0.54 X an = 0.36 Determine activities, assuming ideal behavior a grs = = a prp = = a alm = = 0.31 a ann = = a phl = = 0.16 a an = 0.36 Calculate equilibrium constants: K GASP = a grs / a an 3 = / = K GARB = (a prp a ann ) / (a alm a phl ) = ( * 0.097) / (0.31 * 0.16) = Calculate P and T: GASP: P (bar) = ( -48, * T(K) + RT ln K ) / GARB: P (bar) = ( 52, * T(K) + RT ln K ) / Choose T = 873 K: GASP P = 1.7 kbar GARB P = -7.7 kbar Choose T = 1073 K: GASP P = 13.2 kbar GARB P = 40.6 kbar These two lines intersect at ~955K and 10.9 kbar.
28
29 Pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) paths Radiometric dating application of different systems to metamorphic rocks.
30 Summary of Geologic Setting and Metamorphic Facies
Introduction to Geology Spring 2008
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 12.001 Introduction to Geology Spring 2008 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Regional metamorphism
More informationMetamorphic Petrology GLY 712 Geothermo-barometry
Metamorphic Petrology GLY 712 Geothermo-barometry What is thermobarometry? Thermobarometry is concerned with estimating or inferring the temperatures and pressures at which a rock formed and/or subsequently
More informationMetamorphic Petrology GLY 262 Lecture 3: An introduction to metamorphism (II)
Metamorphic Petrology GLY 262 Lecture 3: An introduction to metamorphism (II) Metamorphic processes Metamorphism is very complex and involves a large number of chemical and physical processes occurring
More informationUnderstanding Earth Fifth Edition
Understanding Earth Fifth Edition Grotzinger Jordan Press Siever Chapter 6: METAMORPHISM Modification of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure Lecturer: H Mohammadzadeh Assistant professors, Department of
More informationMetamorphic Energy Flow. Categories of Metamorphism. Inherited Protolith Character. Inherited Fabric. Chemical Composition
Metamorphic Energy Flow Categories of Metamorphism Best, Chapter 10 Metamorphic processes are endothermic They absorb heat and mechanical energy Absorption of heat in orogenic belts Causes growth of mineral
More informationPetrology Session 2. Metamorphism: Alteration of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure
Petrology Session 2 Metamorphism: Alteration of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure About Metamorphism Changes in heat, pressure, and the chemical environment of rocks can alter mineral compositions and
More informationBig Island Field Trip
Big Island Field Trip Space Still Available Group Airline Tickets May be available if enough people sign on If interested send email to Greg Ravizza Planning Meeting Next Week Will
More informationEENS 2120 Petrology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson. Types of Metamorphism
Page 1 of 7 EENS 2120 Petrology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Types of Metamorphism This document last updated on 12-Apr-2018 Metamorphism is defined as follows: The mineralogical and structural adjustment of
More informationEarth and Space Sciences 212
Earth and Space Sciences 212 METAMORPHIC ROCKS LAB During metamorphism a rock undergoes changes in mineralogy and/or texture. These changes may be brought about by changes in temperature or pressure, by
More informationIntroduction. Introduction. Chapter 7. Important Points: Metamorphism is driven by Earth s s internal heat
Chapter 7 Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks Introduction Metamorphism - The transformation of rocks, usually beneath Earth's surface, as the result of heat, pressure, and/or fluid activity, produces metamorphic
More informationMetamorphic Facies. Metamorphic Facies. Metamorphic Facies. ERSC 3P21 Metamorphic Petrology II 03/11/2005. Facies
Metamorhic Facies Facies There is a redictable and common corresondence between the of each rock and its Mineral that define the metamorhic indicate that a state of stable has been over a restricted T
More informationT-X Diagrams C:\Courses\320\fall2007\in class\5000-t-x Exercise.wpd; September 25, 2003 (11:45am)
1 T-X Diagrams C:\Courses\320\fall2007\in class\5000-t-x Exercise.wpd; September 25, 2003 (11:45am) T-X diagrams are most often used for describing metamorphism of carbonate-rich rocks (marbles or marls)
More informationMetamorphic Petrology. Jen Parks ESC 310, x6999
Metamorphic Petrology Jen Parks ESC 310, x6999 jeparks@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca Definition of Metamorphism The IUGS-SCMR SCMR definition of metamorphism: Metamorphism is a subsolidus process leading to changes
More informationMetamorphism. Metamorphic Rocks. Sources of Heat for Metamorphism. Sources of Heat for Metamorphism. in mineral assemblages of a rock, and/or
Metamorphic Rocks Sources of Heat for Metamorphism Heat from Earth s interior Geothermal gradient is the increase in temperature with depth Typical continental geothermal gradient is 25-30 C/km Volcanically
More informationMetamorphic Petrology
Metamorphic Petrology Lecture 1: Metamorphic phenomena and their characterization: An introduction by Stephan K Matthäi MP-SKM, slide 1 I will try to teach you: Course Objectives To identify common metamorphic
More informationMetamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks
Page 1 of 13 EENS 1110 Tulane University Physical Geology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks This page last updated on 25-Sep-2017 Definition of Metamorphism The word "Metamorphism"
More informationLecture 5 Sedimentary rocks Recap+ continued. and Metamorphic rocks!
Lecture 5 Sedimentary rocks Recap+ continued and Metamorphic rocks! Metamorphism Process that leads to changes in: Mineralogy Texture Sometimes chemical composition Metamorphic rocks are produced from
More informationMetaperidotites and Marbles. Marbles and Metaperidotites; Geothermobarometry. Low Grade Reactions in. Metaperidotites
Marbles and Metaperidotites; GEOL 13.53 Metamorphic Lecture 5 Metaperidotites and Marbles Typical Composition of Peridotites and Carbonate Rocks Peridotite Limestone Dolostone SiO 2 42.26 3.64 0.41 Al
More informationChapter 8 Lecture. Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology. Twelfth Edition. Metamorphism. Rocks. Tarbuck and Lutgens Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 8 Lecture Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Twelfth Edition Metamorphism and dmetamorphic Rocks Tarbuck and Lutgens Chapter 8 Metamorphic Rocks What Is Metamorphism? Metamorphism means
More informationMetamorphism: Alteration of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure
CHAPTER 6 Metamorphism: Alteration of Rocks by Temperature and Pressure Chapter Summary Metamorphism is the alteration in the solid state of preexisting rocks, including older metamorphic rocks. Increases
More informationGeology 633 Metamorphism and Lithosphere Evolution. Thermodynamic calculation of mineral reactions I: Reactions involving pure phases
Geology 633 Metamorphism and Lithosphere Evolution Thermodynamic calculation of mineral reactions I: Reactions involving pure phases The formulation for the free energy change of any reaction involving
More informationMetamorphic Rocks. Metamorphic Rocks: Big Ideas
Metamorphic Rocks: Big Ideas Earth scientists use the structure, sequence, and properties of rocks to reconstruct events in Earth s history Earth s systems continually react to changing influences from
More informationEESC 4701: Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology METAMORPHIC ROCKS LAB 8 HANDOUT
Sources: Caltech, Cornell, UCSC, TAMIU Introduction EESC 4701: Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology METAMORPHIC ROCKS LAB 8 HANDOUT Metamorphism is the process by which physical and chemical changes in a
More informationInvestigation of metamorphic zonation and isogrades of Garnet rocks in Hamadan area
Investigation of metamorphic zonation and isogrades of Garnet rocks in Hamadan area Zahra Hossein mirzaei 1 *, Ali Asghar Sepahi 1, Farhad Aliani 1, Zohreh Hossein mirzaei 2 Corresponding author: 1 GeologicalSurveyofHamadan,
More informationNet-transfer reactions may be terminal reactions or tie-line flip reactions (discussed below).
1 Reaction Types & Curves Handout Dexter Perkins, Dept. of Geology, University of North Dakota.. (Based heavily on material provided by Dave Hirsch, Western Washington University) Reactions among solid
More informationShortcuts to mineral formulae
Silicates JD Price Silicate Structure Silicate Structure (SiO2) Shortcuts to mineral formulae W cations with 8- (Ca 2+, Fe 2+, Mn 2+, Na + ) to 12-fold coordination (K +, Ba 2+ ) X divalent cations in
More informationMetamorphic Petrology
Metamorphic Petrology Session 6: Paragenetic sequence diagrams, Reaction rate, Very-Lowand Low-Grade Regional Metamorphism Course Structure & Itinerary Session 1: Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology
More informationDefinition: Metamorphic rocks: Remember the Rock Cycle
Remember the Rock Cycle Metamorphic rocks: What is metamorphism? think Baking (+ Pressure) Firing clay in a kiln to make pottery Sintering clay and sand to make bricks Definition: Metamorphism = changes
More informationMetamorphic Rocks- Classification, Field Gradients, & Facies
Page 1 of 11 EENS 212 Petrology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Tulane University Metamorphic Rocks- Classification, Field Gradients, & Facies This document last updated on 31-Mar-2004 Metamorphism is defined
More informationMINERALOGY LABORATORY Metamorphic Rocks and Minerals
Some of the samples used in Mineralogy Lab are museum specimens. Please do not destroy or heist them. You can do just about anything you want to the grungy ones, but be nice to the pretty specimens as
More informationTable 7.1 Mineralogy of metamorphic rocks related to protolith and grade
Geology 101 Name(s): Lab 7: Metamorphic rocks Metamorphic rocks have been subjected to sufficient heat and/or pressure to melt some of their constituent minerals, but not all of them. As a result of this
More informationLab 6: Metamorphic Rocks
Introduction The Earth s crust is in a constant state of change. For example, plutonic igneous rocks are exposed at the surface through uplift and erosion. Many minerals within igneous rocks are unstable
More informationLab: Metamorphism: minerals, rocks and plate tectonics!
Introduction The Earth s crust is in a constant state of change. For example, plutonic igneous rocks are exposed at the surface through uplift and erosion. Many minerals within igneous rocks are unstable
More informationMetamorphism (means changed form
Metamorphism (means changed form) is recrystallization without melting of a previously existing rock at depth in response to a change in the environment of temperature, pressure, and fluids. Common minerals
More informationEngineering Geology. Metamorphic Rocks. Hussien Al - deeky
Metamorphic Rocks Hussien Al - deeky 1 Definition Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of an existing rock type, the protolith (parent rock), in a process called metamorphism, which means
More informationMetamorphism: summary in haiku form
Metamorphism & Metamorphic Rocks Earth, Chapter 8 Metamorphism: summary in haiku form Shape-shifters in crust. Just add heat and/or pressure. Keep it solid please! What Is Metamorphism? Metamorphism means
More informationName Petrology Spring Metamorphic rocks lab Part III Metamorphic mineral assemblages and reactions Due Tuesday 4/13
Metamorphic rocks lab Part III Metamorphic mineral assemblages and reactions Due Tuesday 4/13 Problem 24-1: Given the following mineral compositions (Fe is Fe +2 unless indicated): Staurolite (St) (Fe,Mg)
More informationMetamorphism / Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphism / Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphism: occurs when rocks are subjected to heat, pressure, and/or other environmental conditions - The rock remains a solid during this time period - Why Should You
More informationLaboratory #6: METAMORPHIC ROCKS
Name: Lab day (circle one): Tuesday Wednesday Thursday CEEES/SC 10110L-20110L Planet Earth Laboratory Laboratory #6: METAMORPHIC ROCKS Note: In order for these labs to be marked and returned to you before
More informationGEOLOGY 285: INTRO. PETROLOGY
Dr. Helen Lang Dept. of Geology & Geography West Virginia University SPRING 2016 GEOLOGY 285: INTRO. PETROLOGY Metamorphic Mineralogy depends on Temperature, Pressure and Rock Composition but Metamorphic
More informationGEOL Lab 11 (Metamorphic Rocks in Hand Sample and Thin Section)
GEOL 333 - Lab 11 (Metamorphic Rocks in Hand Sample and Thin Section) Introduction - Metamorphic rock forms from any pre-existing rock that undergoes changes due to intense heat and pressure without melting.
More informationEstimated ranges of oceanic and continental steady-state geotherms to a depth of 100 km using upper and lower limits based on heat flows measured
Chemical Systems Introduction to Metamorphism Reading: Winter Chapter 21 An assemblage of coexisting phases (thermodynamic equilibrium and the phase rule) A basaltic composition can be either: Melt Cpx
More informationHornblende (Ca,Na)2-3(Fe,Mg,Al)5Si6(Si,Al)2O22(OH)2. Kaolinite (clay) Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Foliation ANIMATION
1 Hornblende (Ca,Na)2-3(Fe,Mg,Al)5Si6(Si,Al)2O22(OH)2 Kaolinite (clay) Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Foliation ANIMATION 2 Grade Foliation type How does change as grade increases? Density increases (volume shrinks) Foliation
More informationChapter 21: Metamorphism. Fresh basalt and weathered basalt
Chapter 21: Metamorphism Fresh basalt and weathered basalt Why Study Metamorphism? Interpretation of the conditions and evolution of metamorphic bodies, mountain belts, and ultimately the state and evolution
More informationCHAPTER 3.3: METAMORPHIC ROCKS
CHAPTER 3.3: METAMORPHIC ROCKS Introduction Metamorphism - the process of changes in texture and mineralogy of pre-existing rock due to changes in temperature and/or pressure. Metamorphic means change
More informationCHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSIONS In this Chapter, salient observations made in understanding the various tectonothermal events, including U-Pb in-situ monazite geochronology of Sargur schists and granulites exposed
More informationFactors cause Metamorphism:
Metamorphic Rocks: A rock whose original mineralogy, texture and/or composition has changed due to pressure, temperature and/or fluids. It can be formed from igneous, sedimentary, or previously metamorphosed
More informationMetamorphic Rock Origin and Identification
Metamorphic Rock Origin and Identification Physical Geology GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html http://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/meta/meta.html
More informationMetamorphism & Metamorphic Rocks
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 & Metamorphic Rocks Earth 9 th edition, Chapter 8 Mass wasting: summary in haiku form Shape-shifters in crust. Just add heat and/or pressure. Keep it solid please! Key Concepts
More informationMetamorphism: A Process of Change
Metamorphism: A Process of Change Updated by: Rick Oches, Professor of Geology & Environmental Sciences Bentley University Waltham, Massachusetts Based on slides prepared by: Ronald L. Parker, Senior Geologist
More informationMetamorphic Rock Origin and Identification
Metamorphic Rock Origin and Identification Geology Laboratory GEOL 101 Lab Ray Rector - Instructor http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html http://earthsci.org/education/teacher/basicgeol/meta/meta.html
More informationMetamorphic Petrology GLY 262 P-T and T-X phase diagrams
Metamorphic Petrology GLY 262 P-T and T-X phase diagrams How do we estimate P-T conditions? Inverse modelling: (1) Look at our rock, identify the mineral assemblage and determine the compositions of the
More informationMetasomatism Model. Metasomatism. Fluid Buffers. Volatile Species. C-O-H-S System. Speciation in C-O-H-S fluids
Metasomatism Model Metasomatism Reading: Winter, Chapter 30 Obvious in rocks with contrasting mineral layers Related to unequal partitioning of elements between solid phases and fluids Model uses ion-exchange
More informationObjectives of this Lab. Introduction. The Petrographic Microscope
Geological Sciences 101 Lab #9 Introduction to Petrology Objectives of this Lab 1. Understand how the minerals and textures of rocks reflect the processes by which they were formed. 2. Understand how rocks
More informationChapter 7 Metamorphism: A Process of Change
Chapter 7 Metamorphism: A Process of Change Metamorphism: A Process of Change Updated by: Rick Oches, Professor of Geology & Environmental Sciences Bentley University Waltham, Massachusetts Based on slides
More informationMetamorphic Petrology GLY 262 Metamorphic fluids
Metamorphic Petrology GLY 262 Metamorphic fluids The metamorphic fluid is arguably the most geologically important phase Spear (1993) The great volumetric abundance of hydrate-rich and carbonate-rich minerals
More informationEnvironments of Mineral Formation. Stability Diagrams
Environments of Mineral Formation Unary, Binary, and Ternary Mineral Stability Diagrams Minerals of differing composition (or polymorphs of the same mineral) that coexist at a set of pressure (P) temperature
More information"When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed into a monstrous bug. Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka
Metamorphosis "When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed into a monstrous bug. Metamorphosis, by Franz Kafka Metamorphism The transformation of rock by temperature
More informationAppendix A2: Detailed description of all results
Appendix A2: Detailed description of all results This Appendix presents detailed descriptions of all results in this study. It is presented separately in order to streamline the main paper, and to provide
More informationMetamorphic Rocks. SWHS Geology
Metamorphic Rocks SWHS Geology What are they? From the greek roots meta (change) and morphos (form): Rocks that have been changed in form from the temperature, pressure, and fluids inside the earth. A
More informationGEOLOGY OF THAILAND (METAMORPHIC ROCKS)
GEOLOGY OF THAILAND (METAMORPHIC ROCKS) High-Grade Metamorphic Rocks (Precambrian?) Low-Grade Metamorphic Rocks (Lower Paleozoic) 1 THAILAND EXPLANATION Lower Paleozoic Rocks (Low Grade) Precambrian (?)
More informationLecture 2: Causes of metamorphism
Lecture 2: Causes of metamorphism Metamorphism refers to a suite of processes that change the mineralogy, composition and texture of pre-existing materials this is a broad definition and certain industrial
More informationGY 111: Physical Geology
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 111: Physical Geology Lecture 25: Metamorphic Facies Last Time Contact Metamorphism A) Metamorphic Aureoles B) Isograds C) Index minerals and metamorphic grade Contact Metamorphism
More informationChapter 7 Metamorphism, Metamorphic Rocks, and Hydrothermal Rocks
Chapter 7 Metamorphism, Metamorphic Rocks, and Hydrothermal Rocks Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Metamorphism What happens to rocks that are
More informationMETAMORPHIC ROCKS CHAPTER 8
Lecture 6 October 18, 20, 23 October 19, 24 METAMORPHIC ROCKS CHAPTER 8 This is only an outline of the lecture. You will need to go to class to fill in the outline, although much of the relevant information
More informationLecture 14: A brief review
Lecture 14: A brief review A few updates for the remainder of the course Report for the lab on pelite metamorphism - Lab 3 Needs to be handed in before Tuesday the 14 th of March at 17:00. My most important
More informationMetamorphic Facies. Fig Temperaturepressure
Metamorphic Facies Fig. 25.2. Temperaturepressure diagram showing the generally accepted limits of the various facies used in this text. Boundaries are approximate and gradational. The typical or average
More informationMetamorphic Rocks. Metamorphic rocks. Formed by heat, pressure and fluid activity
Metamorphic Rocks Most figures and tables contained here are from course text: Understanding Earth Fourth Edition by Frank Press, Raymond Siever, John Grotzinger, and Thomas H. Jordan Metamorphic rocks
More informationIgneous Rocks. Sedimentary Rocks. Metamorphic Rocks
Name: Date: Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks form from the solidification of magma either below (intrusive igneous rocks) or above (extrusive igneous rocks) the Earth s surface. For example, the igneous rock
More informationLaboratory 6. Metamorphic Rocks
Laboratory 6. Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphism is the change of minerals or geologic texture (distinct arrangement of minerals) in pre-existing rocks (protoliths), without the protolith melting into liquid
More informationSome Slides Lack Permission for Reproduction. These Slides must be deleted before posting as html or pdf! Metamorphic Rocks. GEOL 101 Lecture
Some Slides Lack Permission for Reproduction. These Slides must be deleted before posting as html or pdf! Metamorphic Rocks GEOL 101 Lecture 9 2006 JS Kite WVU What is story behind this rock? Test 1 Results
More information5/1/2017. Foliated Metamorphic Rocks. Classification of Metamorphic Rocks. Classification & Textures. Metamorphic Classification. Metamorphic Textures
Classification & Textures Metamorphic Classification Foliated Rocks Non-foliated Rocks Etc. Metamorphic Textures Relict textures Contact metamorphism Deformation & Recrystallization Dynamic/Regional metamorphism
More informationMetamorphism and metamorphic rocks. GEOL115 Alexander Lusk
Metamorphism and metamorphic rocks GEOL115 Alexander Lusk Outline: Metamorphic rocks Defini>on and major types of metamorphism Rock cycle Metamorphic processes Deforma>on and development of a folia>on/
More informationMetamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks Earth - Chapter Pearson Education, Inc.
Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks Earth - Chapter 8 Metamorphism Transition of one rock into another by temperatures and/or pressures unlike those in which it formed Metamorphic rocks are produced from:
More informationLab 5: Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. More sedimentary rocks Needed: Samples R18 R28 (Tubs 21 31), R33 (Tub 36) and S1 (Tub 94)
Geology 101 Name(s): Lab 5: Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks More sedimentary rocks Needed: Samples R18 R28 (Tubs 21 31), R33 (Tub 36) and S1 (Tub 94) 1. a. Sedimentary rocks are held together by cement,
More informationChapter - IV PETROGRAPHY. Petrographic studies are an integral part of any structural or petrological studies in
Chapter - IV PETROGRAPHY 4.1. Introduction Petrographic studies are an integral part of any structural or petrological studies in identifying the mineral assemblages, assigning nomenclature and identifying
More informationGeology 222b Problem Geothermometry
Geology 222b Problem Geothermometry 1. Show the following on a single plot of Temperature (horizontal axis -- increasing to the right) versus Depth (vertical axis -- increasing downward from the surface
More information5/1/2017. Why Study Metamorphism? The Limits of Metamorphism. Low-temperature limit grades into diagenesis. Intro. to Metamorphism
Intro. to Metamorphism 1 Why Study Metamorphism? 2 Why study metamorphism Metamorphic agents & processes Versus igneous & sedimentary processes Interpretation of the conditions and evolution of metamorphic
More informationA Projection for Analysis of Mineral Assemblages in Calc-Pelitic Metamorphic Rocks
NOTES- NOTISER A Projection for Analysis of Mineral Assemblages in Calc-Pelitic Metamorphic Rocks WILLIAM L. GRIFFIN & MICHAEL T. STYLES Griffin, W. L. & Styles, M. T.: A projection for analysis of mineral
More informationPETROGRAFI BATUAN METAMORF
PETROGRAFI BATUAN METAMORF OLEH : AGUS HENDRATNO Laboratorium Geologi Optik Jurusan Teknik Geologi Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Quartz metamorf As deformation increases, the quartz
More informationMetamorphic Petrology GLY 262 P-T-t paths
Metamorphic Petrology GLY 262 P-T-t paths Pressure-Temperature-Time (P-T-t) Paths The complete set of T-P conditions that a rock may experience during a metamorphic cycle from burial to metamorphism (and
More informationMay 09, NOTES Metamorphpic Rocks.notebook. change. form. pre-existing. application HEAT. oldest. Pressure. metamorphic rock. pressure.
(are nice) Name originates from Greek: Meta = form Morphe = change pre-existing Formed when any other rock igneous sedimentary metamorphic type (,, or ) is changed into a new form by the of HEAT application
More informationSupplementary Table 1.
Supplementary Table 1. Compositional groups, typical sample numbers and location with their bulk compositional, mineralogical and petrographic characteristics at different metamorphic grades. Metamorphic
More informationLab 6 - Identification of Metamorphic Rocks
Lab 6 - Identification of Metamorphic Rocks Page - Introduction Metamorphic rocks are the third great rock group. The term meta means to change and morph means form. Metamorphic rocks are rocks who have
More informationCalculating pressures and temperatures of petrologic events: geothermobarometry
Calculating pressures and temperatures of petrologic events: geothermobarometry Donna L. Whitney University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 The goal of this exercise is to calculate the pressure
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) About 1.2 to 1.0 billion years ago, Canada had a mountain range the size of the modern
More informationAPPENDIX TABLES. Table A2. XRF analytical results for samples from drill hole AP5 (Areachap)
APPENDIX TABLES Table A2. XRF analytical results for samples from drill hole AP5 (Areachap) Sample No. AP5/19 AP5/20 AP5/21 AP5/22 AP5/23 AP5/24 AP5/25AP5/26AP5/27AP5/28AP5/29AP5/30AP5/31AP5/32 AP5/33
More informationEngineering Geology ECIV 3302
Engineering Geology ECIV 3302 Instructor : Dr. Jehad Hamad 2019-2018 Chapter (7) Metamorphic Rocks Chapter 7 Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphism The transition of one rock into another by temperatures
More informationChapter 21: Metamorphism. Fresh basalt and weathered basalt
Chapter 21: Metamorphism Fresh basalt and weathered basalt 1 Chapter 21: Metamorphism Metamorphism: Meaning change of form in Greek (meta morph) 2 Chapter 21: Metamorphism The IUGS-SCMR proposed this definition:
More informationREADING QUESTIONS: Metamorphic Rocks GEOL /WI 47 pts. 3. Define metamorphic grade.(2 pts)
READING QUESTIONS: Metamorphic Rocks GEOL 131 18/WI 47 pts NAME DUE: Tuesday, February 6 What is Metamorphism? (p. 102-103) 1. What is meant by the statement Every metamorphic rock has a parent rock? (2
More informationT-X Diagrams Answers C:\Courses\320\fall2007\in class\5000-t-x ExerciseAnswers.wpd; September 25, 2003 (11:45am) Problems
1 T-X Diagrams Answers C:\Courses\320\fall2007\in class\5000-t-x ExerciseAnswers.wpd; September 25, 2003 (11:45am) Problems Problem 1. Look at Figure 10. One reaction (that plots as a horizontal line)
More informationGeothermometry: Analysis of Black Hills Schist
Geothermometry: Analysis of Black Hills Schist Presented By: Andy Gorz and Chad Cro;y Department of Geosciences North Dakota State University h"p://www.sdrcd.org/portals/sdrcd/black%20hills/images/pic.sylvanlake.jpg
More informationPhase Equilibria C:\a-StudioClassroom\minex20.doc; July 7, 2005
1 Phase Equilibria C:\a-StudioClassroom\minex20.doc; July 7, 2005 S/mole V/mole E/mole J/mol-K cc/mol J/mol grossular 255.5 125.3-6656700 quartz 41.46 22.688-910700 anorthite 199.3 100.79-4243040 wollastonite
More informationFlame perthite in metapelitic gneisses at Cooma, SE Australia
American Mineralogist, Volume 84, pages 1760 1765, 1999 Flame perthite in metapelitic gneisses at Cooma, SE Australia R.H. VERNON Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney,
More information2) Question: Very briefly describe the differences between these two types of metamorphism:
Name: Grade: GEOL 101 - Physical Geology Laboratory METAMORPHIC ROCKS PRELAB & LAB WORKSHEETS PRELAB SECTION To be completed before labs starts: I. Introduction & Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory
More informationLesson Seven: Metamorphic Rocks
Name: Date: GEOL1 Physical Geology Laboratory Manual College of the Redwoods Lesson Seven: Metamorphic Rocks Background Reading: Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rocks These are rocks that have been changed
More informationHand specimen descriptions of metamorphic rocks
Hand specimen descriptions of metamorphic rocks Hand specimen descriptions for metamorphic rocks are like those for igneous rocks. The objective is to tell someone looking at it everything they need to
More informationLorence G. Collins. July 24, 1998
1 ISSN 1526-5757 28. Primary microcline and myrmekite formed during progressive metamorphism and K-metasomatism of the Popple Hill gneiss, Grenville Lowlands, northwest New York, USA Introduction Lorence
More informationMetamorphism occurs where equi P-T is disturbed
Metamorphism occurs where equi P-T is disturbed Steady-state geotherms are disturbed by a variety of processes including plate-tectonic transport of rocks and heat input by intrusion of magma active transport
More informationMechanisms of metamorphism and metasomatism on the local mineral scale : The role of dissolution-reprecipitation during mineral re-equilibration
Chapter 5 Mechanisms of metamorphism and metasomatism on the local mineral scale : The role of dissolution-reprecipitation during mineral re-equilibration Andrew Putnis & Håkon Austrheim Equilibration
More information