DR Table 1 - Summary site statistics for paleomagnetic data

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1 Table 1 - Summary site statistics for paleomagnetic data Site Lat Lon Level (m) S D D g I g D s I s R! " 95 # p $ p Formation Section BH0414 % W S Fort Union FG BH0401 " W S Fort Union FG BH0403 " W S Fort Union FG BH0404 " W S Fort Union FG BH0405 " W S Fort Union FG BH0407 " W S Fort Union FG BH0408 " W S Fort Union FG BH0410 " W S Fort Union FG BH0412 % W S Fort Union FG BH02015 " W S Fort Union FG BH02016 % W S Fort Union FG BH02019 % W S Fort Union FG BH02018 % W S Fort Union FG BH02020 % W S Fort Union FG BH02021 % W S Fort Union FG BH0415 " W S Fort Union FG BH0416 " W S Fort Union FG BH0417 " W S Fort Union FG BH0418 % W S Fort Union FG BH0419 " W S Fort Union FG BH0420 " W S Fort Union FG BH0421 " W S Fort Union FG BH0422 " W S Fort Union FG BH02034 " W S Fort Union FG BH02035 " W S Fort Union FG BH02037 " W S Fort Union FG BH02038 " W S Fort Union FG BH02039 " W S Fort Union FG BH02040 " W S Fort Union FG BH02041 " W S Fort Union FG BH02042 " W S Fort Union FG BH02043 " W S Fort Union FG BH02044 " W S Fort Union FG BH0423 " W S Fort Union FG BH0424 " W S Fort Union FG BH04 " W S Fort Union FG BH0426a W S Fort Union FG BH0427 % W S Fort Union FG BH0433 % W S Fort Union FG BH010 " W W Fort Union SCD BH01027 " W W Fort Union SCD BH01028 " W W Fort Union SCD BH01031 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01033 % W S Fort Union SCD BH01036 % W S Fort Union SCD BH01037 % W S Fort Union SCD BH01038 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01039 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01040 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01041 % W S Fort Union SCD BH01042 % W S Fort Union SCD BH01043 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01045 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01046 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01049 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01050 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01051 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01052 % W S Fort Union SCD BH01053 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01054 % W S Fort Union SCD BH01055 " W S Fort Union SCD BH01056 % W S Fort Union SCD BH01057 % W S Fort Union SCD BH01061 % W S Fort Union SCD BH01064 " W W Willwood AC-1976 BH01066 % W W Willwood AC-1976 BH01068 % W W Willwood AC-1976 BH01071 % W W Willwood AC-1976 BH01073 " W S Willwood AC-1976 BH01075 % W W Willwood AC-1976 BH01076 " W W Willwood AC-1976 BH01077 " W S Willwood DC BH01079 % W S Willwood DC BH01080 " W S Willwood DC BH01081 % W S Willwood DC BH01086 % W S Willwood DC BH01089 % W Willwood DC BH01090 % W Willwood DC BH01091 " W Willwood DC

2 BH01092 " W Willwood DC BH01001 % W Willwood DC BH01011 % W Willwood DC BH01018 % W Willwood DC BH01019 % W Willwood DC BH01022 " W Willwood DC BH01023 " W Willwood DC BH01101 % W Willwood ECR BH02054 " W Willwood ECR BH01096 " W Willwood ECR BH01097 " W Willwood ECR BH02060 " W Willwood ECR BH02050 " W Willwood ECR BH02051 " W Willwood ECR " represents an alpha site and % represents a beta site (see text for discussion); Lat, Lon are GPS site coordinates (latitude, longitude) in decimal degrees and referenced to the orth American 1927 Continental U.S. datum (AD 1927 COUS); Level is the local stratigraphic level in meters; S, D are strike and dip of bedding using right hand rule, is number of samples from site; Dg, Ig (Ds, Is) are declination and inclination of average characteristic component in geographic, in situ (stratigraphic, tilt corrected) coordinates; R is length of resultant vector,! is precision parameter, "95 is circle of 95% confidence; # p, $ p are longitude and latitude of the site virtual geolmagnetic pole. Formation and Section are geological formation and stratigraphic section of site (SCD - Sand Creek Divide, AC Antelope Creek, DC - Dorsery Creek, ECR - Elk Creek Rim).

3 Backstripping - Polecat Bench Unit Strat Level Depth Top Thickness Mean Age (m) (m) (Ma) 1 Bio B P/E Cn Cr C26n C26r C27n TIME 1 Bring up Unit Ma Unit 4 : Phi zero Initial Porosity 0.62 Mean Depth Unit km c Depth constant 0.43 km-1 Phi Phi* Rho water 1000 kg/m3 S km Rho grains 2650 kg/m3 S* km Rho man kg/m3 Rho bar kg/m3 y km TIME 2 Bring up Unit 5. Push down Unit Ma Unit 5 : (Bringing it up) Mean Depth km Phi Phi* S 0.1 S* Unit 6 : (Pushing it down) Mean Depth Phi This is initial phi Phi* Subsequent phi after compaction by unit 5 S Initial uncompacted thickness S* Thickness after compaction by unit 5 Sum Rho 5 bar Sum Rho 6 bar Rho BAR y TIME 3 Bring up Unit 4. Push down Units 5 and Ma Unit 4 (Bringing it up) Mean Depth Phi Phi*

4 S S* Unit 5 (Pushing it down) Mean Depth Phi Phi* S S* Unit 6 (Pushing it down) Mean Depth Phi Phi* S S* Sum Rho 4 bar Sum Rho 5 bar Sum Rho 6 bar Rho bar y Time 4 Bring up Unit 3, Push down units 4, 5, Ma Unit 3 (Bringing it up) Mean Depth 1.15 Phi Phi* S S* Unit 4 (Pushing it down) Mean Depth Phi Phi* S S* Unit 5 (Pushing it down) Mean Depth Phi Phi* S S* Unit 6 (Pushing it down) Mean Depth Phi Phi* S S*

5 Sum Rho 3 bar Sum Rho 4 bar Sum Rho 5 bar Sum Rho 6 bar Rho bar y Time 5 Bring up Unit 2, Push down units 3,4, 5, Ma Unit 2 (Bringing it up) Mean Depth Phi Phi* S S* Unit 3 (Pushing it down) Mean Depth Phi Phi* S S* Unit 4 (Pushing it down) Mean Depth Phi Phi* S S* Unit 5 (Pushing it down) Mean Depth Phi Phi* S S* Unit 6 (Pushing it down) Mean Depth Phi Phi* S S* Sum Rho 2 bar Sum Rho 3 bar Sum Rho 4 bar Sum Rho 5 bar Sum Rho 6 Bar Rho bar y

6 TIME 4 Bring up Unit 1. Push down Units 2,3,4,5,6 (ie all units end up in present position) Ma Unit 1 : Mean Depth 0.35 Phi* Sum Rho 1 bar Unit 2 : Mean Depth Phi* Sum Rho 2 bar Unit 3 : Mean Depth 1.15 Phi* Sum Rho 3 bar Unit 4 : Mean Depth Phi* Sum Rho 4 bar Unit 5 : Mean Depth Phi* Sum Rho 4 bar Unit 6 : Mean Depth Phi* Sum Rho 4 bar Rho BAR y Summary Rof Results Age S* y

7 GSA Data Repository Item Clyde, v. 117, p. 848 Table DR1 Illustration 0 Polecat Bench Backstripping Time (Ma) Thickness (km) Total Subsidence Tectonic Subsidence

8 Figure DR1. Parametric bootstrap fold test of Tauxe and Watson (1994) showing maximum clustering of characteristic directions occuring near 100% unfolding and a 95% confidence interval that excludes 0% unfolding, ruling out a post-folding magnetization. The fold test is poorly constrained due to the gentle tilt of the beds.

9 450 BH02055A (Ticks=0.5mA/M) 580 BH01104A (Ticks=0.5mA/M) S,S BH01095E (Ticks=1.0mA/M) BH02053A Ticks=1.0mA/M VGP Lat BH02054C (Ticks=1.0mA/M) Figure DR2. Vector endpoint diagrams showing demagnetization data for representative samples from the Elk Creek Rim section across the polarity reversal observed in that section. otice the 30 meter interval of mixed polarity that complicates determining a precise placement for the reversal.

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