Table DR1. Radioisotope ages used to establish astrochronology of the Piobbico core. (1993)

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Table DR1. Radioisotope ages used to establish astrochronology of the Piobbico core. (1993)"

Verity Pope
6 years ago
Views:

1 GSA DATA REPOSITORY 212 Supplementary File: Astronomical tuning of the Aptian Stage from Italian reference sections Chunju Huang, Linda Hinnov, Alfred G. Fischer, Alessandro Grippo, Timothy Herbert Table DR1. Radioisotope ages used to establish astrochronology of the Piobbico core. Obradovich et al. Mahoney et al. Chambers et al. He et al. Stage (22) (1993) (2) (28) Base Cenomanian Base Aptian ±.37 Ma 1a 99.8 Ma 1b 1.18 Ma 1c 1.62 Ma 1d ± 1. Ma 2a Ma 2b Ma 2c 123. ± 1.8 Ma 3a 12.3 Ma 3b 12.7 Ma 3c ±. Ma a Ma b 122. Ma c 1a The Ar/ 39 Ar age of ±.37 Ma at the top of N. carcitanense zone, using Taylor Creek Rhyolite sanidine age of Ma (same as using Fish Canyon sanidine standard (FCs) age of 28.6 Ma*). 1b,2b,3b,b The recalibrated age using the Kuiper et al. (28) FCs age of ±.6 Ma. For example, the recalibrated age for Ma is (28.21 Ma/28.6 Ma) * Ma = 99.8 Ma. Uncertainties are not recalculated. 1c,2c,3c,c The recalibrated age using Renne et al.(29) FCs age of ±.6 Ma. For example, the recalibrated age for Ma is ( Ma/28.6 Ma) * Ma = 1.18 Ma. Uncertainties are not recalculated. 1d The Cenomanian/Albian boundary age is 1.18 Ma +. m.y. = 1.62 Ma (adjusted to base of N. carcitanense zone; see Ogg et al., 2, page 381) 2a The Ar/ 39 Ar age of ± 1. Ma at the top of Mr using sanidine standard 8G3 (from the Taylor Creek Rhyolite-TCs) at the age of Ma (same as using FCs age of Ma*). 3a The Ar/ 39 Ar age of 123. ± 1.8 Ma from base of Aptian using Fish Canyon Tuff sanidine standard monitor age of 28.2 Ma. a The Ar/ 39 Ar age of ±. Ma using Taylor Creek Rhyolite standard monitor age of 28.3 ±.28 Ma (same as using FCs age of Ma*). *Intercalibration of different standards from Taylor Creek Rhyolite to Fish Canyon sanidine standard using R TCs FCs=1.112 from Renne et al. (1998). References: Kuiper, K.F., Deino, A., Hilgen, F.J., Krijgsman, W., Renne, P.R., and Wijbrans, J.R., 28, Synchronizing rock clocks of Earth history: Science, v. 32, p. -. Ogg, J.G., Agterberg, F.P., and Gradstein, F.M., 2. The Cretaceous Period. in Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., eds., A Geologic Time Scale 2, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Renne, P.R., Swisher, C.C., Dieno, A. L., Karner, D.B., Owens, T.L., and DePaolo, D.J.,1998, Intercalibration of standards, absolute ages and uncertainties in Ar/ 39 Ar dating: Chemical Geology, v. 1, p Renne, P.R., Mundil, R., Balco, G., and Min, K., 29, Simultaneous determination of K decay constants and age of the fish canyon sanidine Ar/ 39 Ar standard: Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Portland, OR (abstract), p

2 Table DR2. Core depth versus time in kiloyears. Shaded interval Selli event. -k.y. chronology Depth(cm) Time(k.y.) Depth(cm) Time(k.y.)

3 1-k.y. chronology Depth(cm) Time(k.y.) Depth(cm) Time(k.y.)

4 Depth(cm) Time(k.y.) Depth(cm) Time(k.y.)

5 Greyscale Albed - 8 (A) Depth (cm) (B) Mr Depth (m) E cm 1 12 cm 2 1 e (C) 6 cm O P 3 cm Frequency (cycles/cm) E e cm (D) O 1.7 cm 8 cm..1.1 Frequency (cycles/cm) P Figure DR1 (A) and (B) show the correlation of the Selli Level and adjacent stratigraphy between the Piobbico core grayscale series (core depth) and Cismon core albedo series (stratigraphic depth) using the AnalySeries Linage function, with the Piobbico core as reference series and Cismon core as distorted series. The Cismon albedo was measured with an Analytical Spectral Devices spectrometer; (C) and (D) are Piobbico and Cismon Selli Level 2π multitaper power spectra with robust red noise modeling.

6 Measured CaCO3 (%) (a) (b) Albedo Depth (m) m m (c) m.6 m (d).16 m.8 m Frequency (cycle/m) Figure DR2. Cismon Selli Level estimates of carbonate content with respect to stratigraphic depth. (a) Measured carbonate; (b) albedo (measurements taken at high resolution (2.1 cm average sample rate) through the Selli Level at Cismon using a Analytical Spectral Devices spectrometer; (c), (d) are 2π MTM power spectra for (a) and (b) prewhitened with removal of a % weighted average (LOWESS smoothing).

7 (A) 1 E ecc ent M 9% 9% 99% rici ty Obliquity Precession (B).1 Frequency (cycles/cm).2.3 Figure DR3. (A) π MTM power spectrum of the grayscale data in core depth domain, significant peaks labeled in cm. (B) Evolutionary spectrum of the grayscale series in depth domain. Observation window is 3 cm; step rate is 2 cm. Possible hiatuses marked as.

8 1.2 1 (A) ~1.6 m.y. 1 k.y k.y k.y. (B) 1 k.y k.y. (C) 2.6 m.y m.y. 1.3 m.y m.y Figure DR. The -k.y. tuned power spectrum of the grayscale series (3.2-77m). (A) 2π MTM power spectrum of entire tuned series. (B) Enlargement of (A), showing significant peaks at k.y., 1 k.y.; strong peak at ~1.6 m.y. (2.6, 1.7, 1.28 and 1.2 m.y. periods). (C) Evolutionary amplitude spectrum with observation window of k.y., step rate 2 k.y.. Lower and upper halves of the -k.y. tuned series show different power levels of -k.y. v. 1 k.y. terms. Significant peaks are labelled in kiloyears (k.y.).

~1.6 m.y 1 k.y. (A) 8 1 1.2 1 8 1 k.y. 39 33.1.2 1 k.y. k.y.. 2 22.1.1 2.3...6.7.8 Time (k.y.) (C) (B) 1 1 2.6 m.y. 2.13 m.y. 1.28 m.y. 1. m.y. Figure DR. The 1-k.y. tuned spectrum of the grayscale series (3.

9 ~1.6 m.y 1 k.y. (A) k.y k.y. k.y Time (k.y.) (C) (B) m.y m.y m.y. 1. m.y. Figure DR. The 1-k.y. tuned spectrum of the grayscale series (3.2-77m). (A) 2π MTM power spectrum of entire tuned series. (B) Enlargement of (A), showing significant peaks at k.y., 1 k.y.; strong peak at ~1.6 m.y. (2.6, 2.13, 1.28 and 1. m.y. periods). (C) Evolutionary amplitude spectrum with observation window of k.y., step rate 2 k.y. Significant peaks are labelled in kiloyears (k.y.).

10 (Α) 1 (Β) 98.8 Amplitude 1 k.y k.y..2 (D) Amplitude 6 8 k tuned-time (k.y.) (C) k.y k.y Time (k.y.) before present Figure DR6. Amplitude modulation of the precession index. (A) Precession components (green) obtained by Taner bandpass filtering (.2 to.8 cycles/k.y.) and the amplitude modulation (AM) series (red) of the -k.y. tuned grayscale series, obtained by Hilbert transformation of the filtered series. (B) 2π MTM amplitude spectrum of the AM series shown in (A). (C) La2 precession index over the Ma (green) and eccentricity (red); (D) 2π MTM amplitude spectrum of the eccentricity series in (C). Significant peaks are labelled in kiloyears (k.y.)..2

Calculations. λ old. λ new

Calculations. λ old. λ new Introduction Potassium is abundant in planetary crusts and is a major constituent of several common mineral phases, including potassium feldspar, muscovite, biotite, and hornblende. The radioactive decay