A geochemical overview of some Gippsland Basin hydrocarbon accumulations
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1 A geochemical overview of some Gippsland Basin hydrocarbon accumulations Dianne Edwards Manzur Ahmed, Tom Bernecker, Chris Boreham, Se Gong, Louise Goldie-Divko, John Gorter, Lisa Hall, Rob Langford, Cam Mitchell & Herbert Volk AAPG Conference, Melbourne, September 2015 GEOCAT 83902
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3 GA s Program in the southern Gippsland Basin World class producing petroleum province Under-explored, deepwater part of the basin Acreage Release areas New seismic surveys Is the southern margin suitable for CO 2 storage? What is the potential for finding hydrocarbons within the acreage release areas and GHG assessment permits?
4 Gippsland Basin Tectonic Elements Barracouta Bream Kingfish Fortescue, Cobia Halibut, Mackerel Blackback
5 Southern Hydrocarbon Accumulations and Wells
6 Stratigraphy SEAL MAIN RESERVOIRS SOURCE ROCKS Type III & I lower coastal plain lagoons, peat swamps Type III upper coastal plain/ Type II marine Type I lacustrine Type III non-marine LATROBE GROUP SOURCE ROCKS
7 Previous Gippsland Basin Geochemical Studies Produced oils are sourced by coals and shales within the Latrobe Gp (Burns et al, 1987; Rahmanian et al., 1990; Moore et al, 1992; Philp, 1994; Grant, 2004) Marine FI oil in Blackback-2 (George et al, 1998) Marine source for Anemone-1A oil (Gorter, 2001; Bernecker et al, 2001) Oils of Eastern Australia (Summons et al, 2002) : Collaborative Studies by GA CSIRO & Geological Survey of Victoria (Volk et al, 2011; Ahmed et al, 2013) 3 Oil families and vagrants GA1 Central Deep (conifer) GA2 Northern Terrace (conifer & angiosperm) GB Western margin (immature, angiosperm)
8 OIL FAMILIES EOZ Latrobe Oil Family Gp GA1 GA1 conifer GA2 conifer+ angiosperm GB GB conifer + angiosperm Vagrant Vagrant Golden Beach SG Anemone-1A marine Angler-1 fluvial-deltaic Strzelecki Gp Wombat-1, -3, non-marine Oil Family Distribution Seahorse Snapper Mulloway Barracouta Marlin Wombat Perch Dolphin Bream Lakes Entrance Kingfish Tuna Flounder Basker Fortescue Halibut, Cobia Anemone Kipper Blackback-2 FI Blackback-2 Angler
9 Marine Biomarker Signature of the Anemone-1A oil m/z 191 terpane C 21 T, C 23 T abundant; aquatic OM 19NIP, IP abundant; conifers 19/3 20/3 24/ /3 NIP IP 21/3 23/3 m/z 217 sterane C 27 βα C 27 αβ 20R 20S C27 βα 20R C 27 αβ 20S C 28 βα 20S* C 27 αββ 20R + C 29 βα 20S C 28 βα 20R* 26/3 24/4 C 30 αβ C 27 ααα 20S C 27 αββ 20S + C 28 αβ 20R* C C 28 αβ 20S 27 ααα 20R C 29 βα C 28 αββ 20R 20R C 29 αβ 20 S C 29 αβ C 31 αβ C 31 C 29 Ts C 30 * S βα C 30 C R 32 αβ C 29 βα S Ts Tm C R 33 αβ βα R C34 αβ S S C 35 αβ C 29 * R S R C 28 ααα 20S * C 28 αββ 20S C 28 ααα 20R C 29 ααα 20S C 29 αββ 20R C 29 αββ 20S C 29 ααα 20R Oleanane (angiosperm) absent Low diahopanes; less terrestrial OM Iso-pimaranes; conifer resins C 21 T, C 23 T abundant; aquatic OM Dinosteranes; marine OM C 27 C 29 ; aquatic/ terrestrial OM High diasteranes; clay-rich 24-n-propylcholestanes/dinosterane
10 Oil Oil Correlations 13 C Isotopes Terrestrial More mature Angler-1 oil isotopically heavier Terrestrial influence Halibut, West Halibut & Bream oils Terrestrial influence Marine Less mature Anemone-1A oil isotopically lighter More marine source rock? Mixed sources
11 Latrobe Gp Source Rock Samples GA1 GA2 Conifer GA1 GB Conifer + Angiosperm GB Vagrant Vagrant Golden Beach SG Anemone/Anemone Fm Angler/Chimaera Fm Wombat/Strzelecki Gp SOURCE ROCKS 22 extracts from 7 wells Halibut SG (Veilfin & Volador) Golden Beach SG Chimaera Fm: Volador & Omeo Anemone Fm; Anemone, Archer, Hermes Omeo-1 Volador-1 Veilfin-1 Hermes-1 Angler-1 Archer-1 Anemone-1/1A
12 Halibut (Volador Fm) and Golden Beach SG Source Rocks BLACKBACK 1 FI Anemone Fm Volador Fm Bernecker et al, 2003 Angler, Blackback oil Chimaera Fm Anemone oil Volador Fm SR Chimaera Fm SR Anemone Fm SR
13 Latrobe Gp Source Rock Biomarkers multivariate statistics Group 1 Group 3 Group 2a Group 2b VFSR Volador m CFSR-C Hermes m VFSR Volador m CFSR-S Hermes m CFSR Volador m CFSR Volador m VFSR Volador m VFSR Volador m VFSR Volador m VFSR Volador m CFSR Omeo-1ST m AFSR Archer m AFSR Archer m AFSR Anemone m AFSR Archer m AFSR Anemone m AFSR Anemone m AFSR Angler m AFSR Angler m AFSR Angler m AFSR Angler m AFSR Anemone m Similarity value SRs, 42 source variables: terpanes, steranes, bicadinanes, Aromatic HCs Chimaera Fm Source Rocks Terrestrial > Lacustrine Oxic fluvio-deltaic Volador Fm Source Rocks Terrestrial >> Lacustrine Strongly oxic fluvio-deltaic Anemone Fm Source Rocks Marine > Terrestrial Sub-oxic marine
14 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Latrobe Gp Oil Source Correlations Biomarkers Blackback-2 MDT oil CFSR-Shl Hermes m CFSR Volador m CFSR Volador m Angler-1 oil GA2 Flounder-A24 oil GA2 Basker-1 oil GA1 Terakihi-1 oil GA1 Marlin-4 oil GA1 Mackerel-3 oil GA1 Halibut-A10 oil GA1 Fortescue-A21 oil GA1 Cobia-1 oil Blackback-2 FI oil Anemone-1A oil AFSR Anemone m CFSR Omeo-1,ST m AFSR Anemone m AFSR Archer m AFSR Archer m AFSR Anemone-1A 4250 m AFSR Archer m AFSR Angler m AFSR Angler m AFSR Angler m AFSR Angler m AFSR Anemone m CFSR Volador m CFSR-Coal Hermes m VFSR Volador m VFSR Volador m VFSR Volador m VFSR Volador m VFSR Volador m 1.0 Similarity value Angler/Blackback oils Chimaera SR Central Deep oils - Oxic, fluvio-deltaic - Land-plant > lacustrine Anemone oil Anemone SR Mostly Anemone SRs Sub-oxic Mixed marine/terrestrial Mostly Volador SRs Mixed terrestrial/lacustrine Strongly oxic No oil correlation 22 SRs, 11 oils, one FI oil & 21 source variables
15 Marine Biomarker Signature: Oil-Source Rock Correlation m/z 191 : Anemone-1A oil C 30 αβ 19/3 20/3 24/3 19 NIP IP 21/3 23/3 25/3 26/3 24/4 C 30 * C C 29 αβ 31 αβ C 31 S βα C 29 Ts C 30 R S C Ts Tm 32 αβ C 29 βα R C 33 αβ βα C34 αβ R S C S 35 αβ C 29 * R S R Oleanane absent; (no angiosperms) Low diahopanes; less terrestrial OM m/z 191 : Anemone Fm SR Anemone m 19/ /3 NIP IP 21/3 24/3 23/3 25/3 26/3 24/4 C 29 αβ C 30 αβ S C 31 αβ C 29 Ts C 30 * C C 31 Tm 30 R βα C 29 βα C 32 αβ S Ts C βα C R 33 αβ 29 * R C S 34 αβ C S 35 αβ R S R C 21 T, C 23 T abundant; aquatic OM Iso-pimaranes abundant; conifer resins
16 Terrestrial Biomarker Signature: Oil-Source Rock Correlation m/z 191 : Cobia-1 oil C 30 αβ Oleanane C 30 * 19NIP C 29 αβ IP C 29 Ts C 31 αβ C 31 19/3 20/3 26/3 S βα 24/3 R Tm C C 21/3 25/3 30 C 32 αβ Ts 29 S 23/3 24/4 C 29 * βα βα R C 33 αβ R C34 αβ S C S 35 αβ R S R Oleanane present; angiosperms High diahopanes; terrestrial OM m/z 191 : Chimaera Fm, Volador-1, m 19/3 19NIP IP 20/3 24/3 21/3 23/3 26/3 25/3 24/4 C 30 αβ C 30 * Oleanane C 29 Ts C 29 αβ C 31 αβ S Tm C 29 C 30 R Ts βα S C βα 29 * R C 31 βα C 32 αβ C 33 αβ C34 αβ R C S 35 αβ S R S R C 19 T, C 20 T, C 24 Tet Tricyclic terpanes abundant terrestrial OM 19NIP, IP Iso-pimaranes abundant; conifers
17 Oil-Source Correlations 13 C Isotopes Terrestrial More mature Marine Less mature Anemone Fm Source rocks
18 Oil-Source Correlations 13 C Isotopes Terrestrial More mature Chimaera Fm Source rocks Omeo-1 Marine Less mature
19 Oil-Source Correlations 13 C Isotopes Terrestrial More mature Volador Fm Source rocks Less mature
20 Modelled Hydrocarbon Migration Pathways Oil Families/Source EOZ Oil Family GA1 Latrobe Gp GB conifer+angiosperm GB GA1 conifer Mulloway Seahorse Barracouta Inboard source & alteration effects (Hoffman & Preston, 2014) Late gas charge Vagrant Golden Beach SGp Anemone Fm marine Chimaera Fm non-marine Bream Central Deep West East Marlin Migration pick-up Oil charge Latrobe Gp Vagrants Strzelecki Gp Wombat-1, -3, non-marine Angler Anemone Eastern Kitchen Oil & gas charge Golden Beach SG Anemone Fm Chimaera Fm O Brien et al, 2008; Miranda et al, 2012
21 Conclusions Anemone-1A oil and Blackback-2 FI oil correlate with the marine Anemone Fm, Golden Beach Sub-group Angler-1 and Blackback-1 oils correlate with the fluvial Chimaera Fm, Golden Beach Sub-group Produced oils from the Central Deep do not correlate with the lower coastal plain coals and coaly shales in the Volador Fm, Halibut Sub-group, but show some affinity to the Chimaera Fm Significant potential for hydrocarbon generation in the southern Central Deep and migration onto the Southern Terrace
22 Acknowledgements Resources Division Lindsay Highlet, GA GIS Junhong Chen & Jacob Sohn, GA laboratories Esso Australia (ExxonMobil) BHP Billiton
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