V. Sajama, Bolivia. Kevin M. Ward, George Zandt, Susan L. Beck, Ryan C. Porter, Lara S. Wagner, Estela Minaya, Hernando Tavera

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1 V. Sajama, Bolivia Kevin M. Ward, George Zandt, Susan L. Beck, Ryan C. Porter, Lara S. Wagner, Estela Minaya, Hernando Tavera

2 Central Andean Plateau (CAP) Average elevation ~4 km Max width ~300 km Total length ~2,000 km Abundant arc magmatism

3 Central Andean Plateau (CAP) Average elevation ~4 km Max width ~300 km Total length ~2,000 km Abundant arc magmatism Data from 315 broadband seismic stations Deployed piecemeal from May 1994 through August 2012

4 Ambient Noise Tomography Method

5 Ambient Noise Tomography Method Ambient Noise Source Lower periods ~ ocean waves against the shore Higher periods ~ atmospheric disturbances Not limited by event distribution

6 Ambient Noise Tomography Method Ambient Noise Source Lower periods ~ ocean waves against the shore Higher periods ~ atmospheric disturbances Not limited by event distribution Raw Waveform Processing Visually inspect waveforms 5 to 150 sec band-pass filter Spectral whitening and running absolute mean normalization

7 Ambient Noise Tomography Method Ambient Noise Source Lower periods ~ ocean waves against the shore Higher periods ~ atmospheric disturbances Not limited by event distribution Raw Waveform Processing Visually inspect waveforms 5 to 150 sec band-pass filter Spectral whitening and running absolute mean normalization Cross Correlations CC each station pair for each day 3,519,011 CCs Stack each CC station pairs to approximate the EGF

8 Ambient Noise Tomography Method Ambient Noise Source Lower periods ~ ocean waves against the shore Higher periods ~ atmospheric disturbances Not limited by event distribution Raw Waveform Processing Visually inspect waveforms 5 to 150 sec band-pass filter Spectral whitening and running absolute mean normalization Cross Correlations CC each station pair for each day 3,519,011 CCs Stack each CC station pairs to approximate the EGF Empirical Green s Function Approximates the seismic response of a Rayleigh wave traveling between stations Frequency-time analysis to extract dispersion curves

9 Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Curves

10 Rayleigh Wave Dispersion Curves

11 Phase Velocity Inversion Results

12 Phase Velocity Inversion Results

13 Phase Velocity Inversion Results

14 Shear Wave Inversion Results

15 Shear Wave Inversion Results

16 Shear Wave Inversion Results Low velocity zone is too shallow to represent a zone of crustal flow

17 Shear Wave Inversion Results Low velocity zone is too shallow to represent a zone of crustal flow

18 Shear Wave Inversion Results Low velocity zone is too shallow to represent a zone of crustal flow Resistivity studies indicate the low velocity zone is not a body of interconnected aqueous fluids

19 Shear Wave Inversion Results Low velocity zone is too shallow to represent a zone of crustal flow Resistivity studies indicate the low velocity zone is not a body of interconnected aqueous fluids Previous work in the Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex (APVC) and Cretaceous Sierra Nevada Batholith (CSNB) might provide answer

20 Model of Batholith Formation

21 Shear Wave Inversion Results

22 Shear Wave Inversion Results

23 Looking for the Batholith The 3.25 km/s velocity contour outlines the extent of the APVC

24 Looking for the Batholith The 3.25 km/s velocity contour outlines the extent of the APVC The 3.25 km/s velocity contour correlates well with known Neogene ignimbrite eruption centers

25 Looking for the Batholith The 3.25 km/s velocity contour outlines the extent of the APVC The 3.25 km/s velocity contour correlates well with known Neogene ignimbrite eruption centers The 3.25 km/s velocity contour agrees with low isostatic gravity anomalies

26 3D view of the Neogene Batholith

27 Concluding Remarks The 3.25 km/s velocity contour correlates well with known Neogene ignimbrite eruption centers and low isostatic gravity anomalies Our interpretation of a large Neogene batholith associated with active volcanism revisits the idea of magmatic addition as a contributing mechanism to the growth of the western portion of the CAP How much of a contributing mechanism?

28 Supplementary Material ~ PV Inversion

29 Supplementary Material ~ Vsv Inversion

30 Supplementary Material ~ Vsv Misfit

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