isimm (integrated Seismic Imaging & Modelling of Margins)
|
|
- Lewis Garrison
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 NERC/DTI Ocean Margins Thematic Programme isimm (integrated Seismic Imaging & Modelling of Margins) PIs - Nick Kusznir & Bob White Liverpool University, Cambridge University Co-PIs - Phil Christie & Alan Roberts Schlumberger Cambridge Research, Badley Geoscience isimm Team Members Cambridge Roman Spitzer, Zoë Lunnon, Craig Parkin, Alan W. Roberts, Lindsey Smith, Jennifer Eccles Liverpool Dave Healy, Neil Hurst, Vijay Tymms, Rosie Fletcher, Alex Chappell Industry Partners
2 A Kinematic Fluid-flow Model of Sea-floor Spreading Initiation and Rifted Continental Margin Formation Nick Kusznir* & the isimm Team Department of Earth & Ocean Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
3 Rifted Continental Margin Formation Is the process the same as that which forms intra-continental rift basins?? Do we just stretch the continental lithosphere by infinity to form a rifted margin? Recent discoveries at rifted margins Depth Dependent Stretching Mantle Exhumation These cannot be explained by existing rift basin formation models New rifted margin formation model is needed
4 New Model of Rifted Margin Formation Assume dominant process for thinning continental margin lithosphere leading to breakup is - Upwelling & divergent flow within continental lithosphere & asthenosphere Not depth-uniform intra-continental extension (a) (b) Continental Lithosphere Extension Dyke Intrusion continental crust continental lithospheric mantle asthenosphere Sea Floor Spreading continental crust Model sea-floor spreading initiation (c) continental lithospheric mantle asthenosphere
5 Modelling the establishment of divergent flow-fields leading to breakup Corner-flow model Isoviscous stream-function solution (Batchelor 1967) Kinematic - define divergent & upwelling velocities Define V x (divergent half-rate velocity) Define V z (upwelling velocity) Pre-breakup Divergent Stretching V x V x V z 1 z Ψ= ( Ax+ Bz) + ( Cx+ Dz)tan ( ) x 1 z x Ux = B Dtan ( ) + ( Cx+ Dz)( ) 2 2 x x + z 1 z y Uz = A+ Ctan ( ) + ( Cx+ Dy)( ) 2 2 x x + z Flow streamlines where A, B, C & D depend on U x & U z
6 Modelling the establishment of divergent flow-fields leading to breakup Derive flow-field Advect continental lithosphere material Use coupled thermal diffusion & advection solution Flow streamlines divergence axis T t = κ 2 T u. T Depth (km) Lithosphere continental margin oceanic lithosphere & asthenosphere continental crust continental lithospheric mantle Temperature
7 Modelling Rifted Margin Formation Time Evolution V x = 1 cm/yr, V z /V x = 1 Depth (km) Initiation Ma continental crust continental lithospheric mantle Crustal rupture 5 Ma Lithosphere rupture (breakup) 12.5 Ma Sea-floor spreading 25 Ma oceanic lithosphere & asthenosphere continental margin
8 Modelling Volcanic Margin Formation Time =1 Ma crust continental lithospheric mantle oceanic lithospheric & asthenosphere depth dependent stretching continental margin Temperature Streamlines for t < 2Ma Streamlines for t > 2Ma
9 Modelling Non-volcanic Margin Formation Time =1 Ma crust continental lithospheric mantle oceanic lithospheric & asthenosphere continental mantle exhumation continental margin depth dependent stretching Temperature
10 Modelling Margin Formation New model predicts Depth dependent stretching Mantle exhumation Bathymetry and subsidence history Heat flow history Gravity Anomalies Moho continental lithospheric mantle depth dependent stretching
11 SfMargin - Modelling Margin Formation
12 Depth (m) Bathymetry Bathymetry Predicted Observed SfMargin Applications NSF/Intermargins/ESF Margin Modelling Workshop Pontresina July 24 Newfoundland Margin Screech Depth (km) Vz/Vx =1.5, b = 1 (with sediments) Gravity Anomaly (mgal) Total Gravity Anomaly (FAG-Ocean/Bouguer-Land) Gravity Calculated Observed Lithosphere Cross Section Bathymetry/Topography Top Basement Base Upper Crust Base Crust (Moho) Base Continental Lithosphere -1
13 SfMargin - Modelling Margin Formation Workflow for Industry Applications Invert observed bathymetry & gravity data to give margin deformation kinematics Use model to predict margin crustal structure lithosphere temperature heat flow subsidence history Depth (m) 1 Bathymetry Predicted Observed Depth (km) Bathymetry/Topography Base Upper Crust Base Crust (Moho) Base Continental Lithosphere Lithosphere Cross Section Gravity Anomaly (mgal) Total Free Air Gravity Anomaly Calculated Observed Heat Flow (mw/m-2) Heat Flow
14 Inverse Methods Synthetic Data Forward model input parameters Vx = 2cm -1 Vz = 3 cm/yr β = 3 Grid search inversion using predicted thinning factor, bathymetry and gravity Successful recovery of input parameters with zero least squares misfit (L2 Norm) Final geometry Final temperature
15 Inverse Methods Goban Spur Grid search inversion minimum misfit V z / V x = 1.25 β = 1.5 Comparison of best fit model prediction with observations
16 Breakup Initiation & Pre-Breakup Basin Formation Application to basins formed during sea-floor spreading initiation or failed breakup Model upward propagation of upwelling divergent flow field within continental lithosphere & asthenosphere Continental Lithosphere Asthenosphere Continental Lithosphere Asthenosphere Examples Woodlark Basin, Nam Con Son Basin, Faroes-Shetland Basin
17 Nam Con Son Basin Located at propagating SW tip of mid-miocene sea-floor spreading in South China Sea Large post-rift subsidence Little continental upper crustal extension Post-rift Mid Miocene 2 km 1 km b 5 1 faulting (b = 1.15) thermal subsidence (b = 5.) Woodlark Basin Young ocean basin - initiated ~ 8 Ma 3 m subsidence in continent ahead of propagating tip Little continental upper-crustal extension
18 SfMargin Applied to Pre-breakup Basin Formation Depth (km) No stretching of the upper crust Large thinning of lithospheric mantle and lower crust Syn-breakup Asthenosphere Continental upper crust Lower crust Continental lithospheric mantle Base Lithosphere Lithosphere Cross Section Broad syn-breakup sag basin Moho Large post-breakup subsidence Depth (km) Thinning Factor (1-1/beta) Lithosphere Thinning Factor (1-1/b) Whole crust Upper Crust Whole Crust Lithosphere Upper crust Post-breakup 5 Ma Sag Basin Palaeo-asthenosphere Palaeo-continental lithospheric mantle Moho -14 Lithosphere Cross Section
19 isimm Posters -Geodynamic Modelling David Healy - Breakup Kinematics from Inversion of Bathymetry & Gravity Data Vijay Tymms Effects of Temperature Dependent Rheology on Continental Breakup & Margin Formation Neil Hurst Thinning, Subsidence and Plume Uplift on the Faroes Margin from Flexural Backstripping & Gravity Inversion
20 Hatton Bank /July 22
Continental Margin Geology of Korea : Review and constraints on the opening of the East Sea (Japan Sea)
Continental Margin Geology of Korea : Review and constraints on the opening of the East Sea (Japan Sea) Han-Joon Kim Marine Satellite & Observation Tech. Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute
More informationWHAT IS THE THICKNESS OF EARTH S CRUST?
WHAT IS THE THICKNESS OF EARTH S CRUST? Image: Yerko Espinoza/shutterstock.com Andy Alvey, Alan Roberts* and Nick Kusznir discuss how a new global map of crustal thickness is illuminating complexity in
More informationThe Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Agree or Disagree? 1. The Earth if made up of 4 different layers. 2. The crust (where we live) can be made of either less dense continental crust or the more
More informationPlate Tectonics. entirely rock both and rock
Plate Tectonics I. Tectonics A. Tectonic Forces are forces generated from within Earth causing rock to become. B. 1. The study of the origin and arrangement of Earth surface including mountain belts, continents,
More informationEvidence for thin oceanic crust on the extinct Aegir Ridge, Norwegian Basin, NE Atlantic derived from satellite gravity inversion
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL. 34,, doi:10.1029/2007gl029440, 2007 Evidence for thin oceanic crust on the extinct Aegir Ridge, Norwegian Basin, NE Atlantic derived from satellite gravity inversion
More informationTopic 12 Review Book Earth s Dynamic Crust and Interior
Topic 12 Review Book Earth s Dynamic Crust and Interior Define the Vocabulary 1. asthenosphere 2. continental crust 3. Convection current 4. Convergent plate boundary 5. Divergent plate boundary 6. earthquake
More informationThe thermal and density structure of passive margins
The thermal and density structure of passive margins Magdalena Scheck-Wenderoth, Yuriy Maystrenko, Julia Autin, Hans Jürgen Götze, Sabine Schmidt, Christian Reichert basins in their plate-tectonic setting
More informationThermal Subsidence Tool in Move
Thermal Subsidence Tool in Move During the formation of rift basins, the continental crust is stretched and thinned. As it thins, the asthenosphere rises to fill the space created by the thinned continental
More informationChapter Review USING KEY TERMS. asthenosphere uplift continental drift. known as. tectonic plates move. object. UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS
Skills Worksheet Chapter Review USING KEY TERMS 1. Use the following terms in the same sentence: crust, mantle, and core. Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the
More informationGlobal Tectonics. Kearey, Philip. Table of Contents ISBN-13: Historical perspective. 2. The interior of the Earth.
Global Tectonics Kearey, Philip ISBN-13: 9781405107778 Table of Contents Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Historical perspective. 1.1 Continental drift. 1.2 Sea floor spreading and the birth of plate tectonics.
More informationM. Pérez-Gussinyé (Royal Holloway), Sascha Brune (Potsdam), Jason Phipps Morgan (RHUL), Tony Lowry (Utah Univ.), Mario Araujo (Petrobras).
Continental rifting at magma-poor margins and birth of new steady state oceanic ridges: Interactions between thinning continents and the underlying asthenosphere. M. Pérez-Gussinyé (Royal Holloway), Sascha
More informationThe Theory of Continental Drift. Continental Drift Discovery
The Theory of Continental Drift Continental Drift Discovery The World ALFRED WEGENER THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT Found evidence for PANGAEA and proposed the theory of continental drift. Continental Drift
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined
More informationIV OTHER TYPES OF BASINS
IV OTHER TYPES OF BASINS 1-Strike-slip basins 2-Cratonic basins 3 Late orogenic basins and more 1 Tectonic setting of strike-slip faulting Woodcock 1986 2 Seismic examples of stike-slip faults «!Flower
More informationOCN 201 Seafloor Spreading and Plate Tectonics. Question
OCN 201 Seafloor Spreading and Plate Tectonics Question What was wrong from Wegener s theory of continental drift? A. The continents were once all connected in a single supercontinent B. The continents
More informationDefining the former elevation and shape of the lithosphere, in particular the elevation of the Earth s surface,
Isostasy in Move Defining the former elevation and shape of the lithosphere, in particular the elevation of the Earth s surface, is important in the restoration of a model as it aids in reducing uncertainty
More informationThe Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics
The Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 4 main layers: Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core The Crust This is where
More informationEarth Systems Science Chapter 7. Earth Systems Science Chapter 7 11/11/2010. Seismology: study of earthquakes and related phenomena
Earth Systems Science Chapter 7 I. Structure of the Earth II. Plate Tectonics The solid part of the earth system includes processes, just like the atmosphere and oceans. However, the time scales for processes
More informationName Class Date. 1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?. a. core b. lithosphere c. asthenosphere d. mesosphere
Name Class Date Assessment Geology Plate Tectonics MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?. a. core b. lithosphere
More informationWhole Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics
Whole Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics Processes in Structural Geology & Tectonics Ben van der Pluijm WW Norton+Authors, unless noted otherwise 4/5/2017 14:45 We Discuss Whole Earth Structure and Plate
More informationMAR110 Lecture #4 Fundamentals of Plate Tectonics
1 MAR110 Lecture #4 Fundamentals of Plate Tectonics The Ocean Sea Floor is formed Along the Mid-Ocean Ridge Spreading Centers The Ocean Sea Floor is destroyed in the Subduction Zones Figure 4.2 Convection
More informationWhat Forces Drive Plate Tectonics?
What Forces Drive Plate Tectonics? The tectonic plates are moving, but with varying rates and directions. What hypotheses have been proposed to explain the plate motion? Convection Cells in the Mantle
More informationGEOL5690 Class notes #2: Passive Margins & Thermal Subsidence
GEOL569 Class notes #2: Passive Margins & Thermal Subsidence Reference: Turcotte and Schubert, sec. 4-15, 4-16, 4-23, 4-25, last is most relevant, earlier readings provide background. [Alternative: Stüwe,
More informationMAR110 Lecture #3 Ocean Bathymetry / Plate Tectonics
1 MAR110 Lecture #3 Ocean Bathymetry / Plate Tectonics Ocean Basin Geographic Zones The geographic zones of the North Atlantic are identified in the bird s eye view of the sea floor above. Below is shown
More informationSummary. Study Area. Data Acquisition
Evidence for hyper-extended continental crust in the East Orphan Basin from seismic reflection data and potential field forward modelling and inversion J. Kim Welford 1, Deric Cameron 2, James Carter 2
More informationSedimentary Basin Analysis http://eqsun.geo.arizona.edu/geo5xx/geos517/ Sedimentary basins can be classified based on the type of plate motions (divergent, convergent), type of the lithosphere, distance
More informationThe Two Types of Crust. Plate Tectonics. Physical Layers of the Earth. The Asthenosphere. The Lithosphere. Chemical Layers of the Earth
Plate Tectonics A Reminder of Earth s Structure Two physical units of Earth that are important too! How the Earth Works Plate Tectonics Plate Boundaries Chemical Layers of the Earth Crust - low density
More informationGENERAL GEOLOGY Fall Chapter 18: The Sea Floor. Partial Examination IV Study Guide Dr. Glen S. Mattioli
GENERAL GEOLOGY 1113-005 Fall 2008 Partial Examination IV Study Guide Dr. Glen S. Mattioli Note that these are NOT questions, but rather are a list of topics that we have covered either in class or are
More informationCh. 9 Review. Pgs #1-31 Write Questions and Answers
Ch. 9 Review Pgs. 356-357 #1-31 Write Questions and Answers 356-357 #1-5 Answers 1. The layer of the upper mantle that can flow is the: A - Asthenosphere 2. Most scientists rejected Wegener s theory of
More informationContinental Drift and Plate Tectonics
Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent. Wegener proposed that the
More informationSmall scale convection at the edge of the Colorado Plateau?
Small scale convection at the edge of the Colorado Plateau? Jolante van Wijk & David Coblentz, Rick Aster, Jeroen van Hunen, Saskia Goes, Steve Grand, Scott Baldridge, Jim Ni 1 La RISTRA seismic experiment
More informationSupplementary information on the West African margin
Huismans and Beaumont 1 Data repository Supplementary information on the West African margin Interpreted seismic cross-sections of the north Angolan to south Gabon west African passive margins 1-3, including
More informationSM2.1/GD2.7/NH5.8/TS8.4, Large Earthquake and Tsunami Activity (co-organized), 13:30 17:00, Room B3
SM Seismology Orals and PICOs MO1, 08:30 10:00 MO2, 10:30 12:00 MOL, 12:15 13:15 MO3, 13:30 15:00 MO4, 15:30 17:00 TU1, 08:30 10:00 Monday, 08 April SM1.2/AS4.13, Research and Development in Nuclear Explosion
More informationEarth overall average density = 5.5 g/cm 3 Temp increases with depth, the thermal gradient 30 0 C/km Pressure and the density also increase with
Plate Tectonics Earth Earth overall average density = 5.5 g/cm 3 Temp increases with depth, the thermal gradient 30 0 C/km Pressure and the density also increase with depth Spheroid: with a longer major
More informationPhysical Geology Lab. Teacher Check (show your screen to your teacher) Part ONE: Dynamic Earth. Continents Over Time.
Physical Geology Lab Name Hour Part ONE: Dynamic Earth Earth s Structure Name the Layer: The only liquid layer Only a few miles thick (under oceans) Mostly solid iron and nickel Made of hot, semi-solid
More informationOCN 201: Seafloor Spreading and Plate Tectonics I
OCN 201: Seafloor Spreading and Plate Tectonics I Revival of Continental Drift Theory Kiyoo Wadati (1935) speculated that earthquakes and volcanoes may be associated with continental drift. Hugo Benioff
More informationIntroduction To Plate Tectonics Evolution. (Continents, Ocean Basins, Mountains and Continental Margins)
Introduction To Plate Tectonics Evolution (Continents, Ocean Basins, Mountains and Continental Margins) Geo 386 (Arabian Shield Course) Dr. Bassam A. A. Abuamarah Mohanna G E O 3 8 6 A R A B I A N G E
More informationSeptember 14, SWBAT explain how divergent boundaries shape Earth s surface.
September 14, 2016 Aims: SWBAT explain how divergent boundaries shape Earth s surface. Agenda 1. Do Now 2. Class Notes 3. Guided Practice 4. Independent Practice 5. Practicing our AIMS: Homework: EI.11
More informationMarine Science and Oceanography
Marine Science and Oceanography Marine geology- study of the ocean floor Physical oceanography- study of waves, currents, and tides Marine biology study of nature and distribution of marine organisms Chemical
More informationGeotherms. Reading: Fowler Ch 7. Equilibrium geotherms One layer model
Geotherms Reading: Fowler Ch 7 Equilibrium geotherms One layer model (a) Standard model: k = 2.5 W m -1 C -1 A = 1.25 x 10-6 W m -3 Q moho = 21 x 10-3 W m -2 shallow T-gradient: 30 C km -1 deep T-gradient:
More informationEarth Science ENR Plate Boundaries Notes
Name Earth Science ENR Plate Boundaries Notes Per Tchr Plate Boundary Types: 1) Divergent Plate Boundary (Seafloor Spreading Centers) 2) Divergent Plate Boundary (Continental Rift Valley) 3) Transform
More informationPLATE TECTONICS REVIEW GAME!!!!
PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW GAME!!!! Name the four layers of the earth - crust - mantle - outer core - inner core Which part of Earth s structure contains tectonic plates? LITHOSPHERE Name one reason why the
More information10. Paleomagnetism and Polar Wandering Curves.
Map of ocean floor Evidence in Support of the Theory of Plate Tectonics 10. Paleomagnetism and Polar Wandering Curves. The Earth's magnetic field behaves as if there were a bar magnet in the center of
More informationCore. Crust. Mesosphere. Asthenosphere. Mantle. Inner core. Lithosphere. Outer core
Potter Name: Date: Hour: Score: /21 Learning Check 4.1 LT 4.1 Earth s Interior: I can draw and interpret models of the interior of the earth. Draw the following models (put the words in the right order)
More informationTheory of Plate Tectonics
Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Lithosphere is made of sections called plates that move around called continental drift Plates move because they float on the asthenosphere Most plates consist
More informationChapter 2. The Planet Oceanus
Chapter 2 The Planet Oceanus Composition of the Earth The Earth consists of a series of concentric layers or spheres which differ in chemistry and physical properties. There are two different ways to describe
More informationPlate Tectonics. Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist
Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist Topics Density Structure of Earth Isostasy Sea-Floor Spreading Mechanical Structure of Earth Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics Lithospheric
More information9. Density Structure. The Australian Continent: A Geophysical Synthesis Density Structure
84 The Australian Continent: A Geophysical Synthesis Density Structure 9. Density Structure Although the primary focus for the development of the AuSREM model was the creation of 3-D seismic wavespeed
More informationThe continental lithosphere
Simplicity to complexity: The continental lithosphere Reading: Fowler p350-377 Sampling techniques Seismic refraction Bulk crustal properties, thickness velocity profiles Seismic reflection To image specific
More informationCopyright McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education
Copyright McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education Tibetan Plateau and Himalaya -southern Asia 11.00.a VE 10X
More informationThree-dimensional gravity inversion for Moho depth at rifted continental margins incorporating a lithosphere thermal gravity anomaly correction
Geophys. J. Int. (28) 174, 1 13 doi: 1.1111/j.1365-246X.28.383.x Three-dimensional gravity inversion for Moho depth at rifted continental margins incorporating a lithosphere thermal gravity anomaly correction
More informationPHYSICAL GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2 ND CANADIAN EDITION)
Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics Chapter Summary: Plate tectonics is a theory that suggests Earth's surface is divided into several large plates that change position and size. Intense geologic activity occurs
More informationPlate Tectonics. How do the plates move?
Plate Tectonics How do the plates move? Continental Drift Hypothesis In 1915, Alfred Wegener s hypothesis about Continental Drift couldn t explain the forces that could move continents. Wegener wasn t
More informationEssentials of Oceanography Eleventh Edition
Chapter Chapter 1 2 Clickers Lecture Essentials of Oceanography Eleventh Edition Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Alan P. Trujillo Harold V. Thurman Chapter Overview Much evidence supports plate tectonics
More informationTopic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice
Name: Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice 1. Earth s outer core is best inferred to be A) liquid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm 3 B) liquid, with an average density of approximately 11
More informationLithospheric plates. Geology of the Batemans Bay region. Tectonic processes
1 Lithospheric plates Enormous heat sources in the Earth s deep interior, acquired during the very early history of the planet billions of years ago continue to drive present-day geological at the surface.
More informationSedimentation on passive margins. Master1 Géologie de l Exploration et des Réservoirs Dynamique des Bassins Michel Séranne
Sedimentation on passive margins 1 Tectonic-sedimentation relationships at passive margin scale rift Break-up Young margin Sedimentation is controled by continental margin geodynamic evolution Mature margin
More informationMAR110 Lecture #5 Plate Tectonics-Earthquakes
1 MAR110 Lecture #5 Plate Tectonics-Earthquakes Figure 5.0 Plate Formation & Subduction Destruction The formation of the ocean crust from magma that is upwelled into a pair of spreading centers. Pairs
More informationFigure 1. Examples of vector displacement diagrams for two and three-plate systems.
Figure 1. Examples of vector displacement diagrams for two and three-plate systems. Figure 2. Relationships between pole of rotation, great circles, ridge segments, small circles, transforms and fracture
More informationPlate Tectonics. Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist
Plate Tectonics Why Continents and Ocean Basins Exist Topics Density Structure of Earth Isostasy Sea-Floor Spreading Mechanical Structure of Earth Driving Mechanism of Plate Tectonics Lithospheric Plate
More informationEarth. Temp. increases with depth, the thermal gradient is 25 o C/km. Pressure and density also increase with depth.
Plate Tectonics Earth Earth overall average density = 5.5 g/cm 3. Temp. increases with depth, the thermal gradient is 25 o C/km. Pressure and density also increase with depth. Spheroid: with a longer major
More informationChapter 8: The Dynamic Planet
Chapter 8: The Dynamic Planet I. The Pace of Change A. The Geologic Time Scale II. Earth s Structure and Internal Energy A. The Earth s Core B. The Earth s Mantle C. The Earth s Crust III. The Geologic
More informationThe Earth s Structure from Travel Times
from Travel Times Spherically symmetric structure: PREM - Crustal Structure - Upper Mantle structure Phase transitions Anisotropy - Lower Mantle Structure D D - Structure of of the Outer and Inner Core
More informationWhy do we need standards for global geophysics and resource exploration?
Standards and software for global geophysics Dietmar Müller School of Geosciences and Univ. of Sydney Institute of Marine Science The University of Sydney Why do we need standards for global geophysics
More informationPlate Tectonics - Demonstration
Name: Reference: Prof. Larry Braile - Educational Resources Copyright 2000. L. Braile. Permission granted for reproduction for non-commercial uses. http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~braile/indexlinks/educ.htm
More informationRock Cycle. Draw the Rock cycle on your remediation page OR use a sheet of notebook paper and staple
Earth Science Test 8.ESS2.3) Describe the relationship between the processes and forces that create igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. I can develop and use models to explain how plate movements
More informationPlate Tectonics, Section 1
CHAPTER 17 REINFORCEMENT FOR ENGLISH-LANGUAGE LEARNERS Plate Tectonics, Section 1 As you read Section 1, answer the following questions. Restless Continents (p. 456) 1. Is the Earth beneath your feet moving?
More informationSea-Floor Spreading, Subduction,& Plate Boundaries. Lecture Continental Fit 2. Similar Rocks, Ages 3. Similar Fossils 4. Widespread Glaciation
Sea-Floor Spreading, Subduction,& Plate Boundaries Lecture 21 Prop: Test 3 Invitations Alfred Wegener s Evidence for Continental Drift 1. Continental Fit 2. Similar Rocks, Ages 3. Similar Fossils 4. Widespread
More informationAn Introduction to the Seafloor and Plate Tectonics 1
An Introduction to the Seafloor and Plate Tectonics 1 Objectives 1) Investigate the components of the lithosphere and lithospheric plates. 2) Identify the associations among various seafloor features,
More informationMAR110 LECTURE #6 West Coast Earthquakes & Hot Spots
17 September 2007 Lecture 6 West Coast Earthquakes & Hot Spots 1 MAR110 LECTURE #6 West Coast Earthquakes & Hot Spots Figure 6.1 Plate Formation & Subduction Destruction The formation of the ocean crust
More informationPlate Tectonics. I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics II. A Mosaic of Plates III. Types of Plate Boundaries IV. How Plates Move
Plate Tectonics I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics II. A Mosaic of Plates III. Types of Plate Boundaries IV. How Plates Move I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics A. Continental Drift (Alfred Wegener) Proposed
More informationUSU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES
USU 1360 TECTONICS / PROCESSES Observe the world map and each enlargement Pacific Northwest Tibet South America Japan 03.00.a1 South Atlantic Arabian Peninsula Observe features near the Pacific Northwest
More informationPlate Tectonics: The New Paradigm
Earth s major plates Plate Tectonics: The New Paradigm Associated with Earth's strong, rigid outer layer: Known as the lithosphere Consists of uppermost mantle and overlying crust Overlies a weaker region
More informationFoundations of Earth Science Seventh Edition
Chapter 5 Lecture Outline Foundations of Earth Science Seventh Edition Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Natalie Bursztyn Utah State University From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics
More informationSeismotectonics of intraplate oceanic regions. Thermal model Strength envelopes Plate forces Seismicity distributions
Seismotectonics of intraplate oceanic regions Thermal model Strength envelopes Plate forces Seismicity distributions Cooling of oceanic lithosphere also increases rock strength and seismic velocity. Thus
More informationTHE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
UNIT 1 THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH 1.1.Earth s interior layers The interior of the Earth can be divided into layers according to: -Composition layers ( organized in order of increasing density
More informationUNIT 3 GEOLOGY VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS THESE KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES APPEAR ON THE UNIT 3 CBA
UNIT 3 GEOLOGY VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS THESE KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES APPEAR ON THE UNIT 3 CBA A map that shows Earth s Topographic Map surface topography, which is Earth s shape and features Contour
More informationTectonic heat flow modelling for basin maturation: method and applications
Tectonic heat flow modelling for basin maturation: method and applications J.D. van Wees 1,2, R. Abdul-Fattah 1, D. Bonte 1,2, H. Kombrink 1, H. Verweij 1, F. van Bergen, P. David F. Beekman 2, S. Cloetingh
More informationAlfred Wegener gave us Continental Drift. Fifty years later...
CHAPTER 2 Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor Plate Tectonics: summary in haiku form Alfred Wegener gave us Continental Drift. Fifty years later... Words Chapter Overview Much evidence supports plate tectonics
More informationI. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow
I. Earth s Layers a. Crust: Earth s outside layer. Made of mostly rock. i. Continental: er; made of mostly granite, forms the continents and shallow sea beds, floats! ii. Oceanic: er; dense rock such as
More informationAnswer ALL questions in Section A, and TWO questions from Section B.
UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA School of Environmental Sciences Main Series Undergraduate Examination 2012-2013 Candidate s no.: GEODYNAMICS: EARTH S ENGINE ENV-2A43 Time allowed: 2 hours. Answer ALL questions
More information1. I can describe evidence for continental drift theory (e.g., fossil evidence, mountain belts, paleoglaciation)
Science 10 Review Earth Science Vocabulary asthenosphere continental drift theory converging plates diverging plates earthquakes epicentre fault hot spot inner core lithosphere mantle mantle convection
More informationUNIT 11 PLATE TECTONICS
UNIT 11 PLATE TECTONICS A. ALFRED WEGENER 1. Continental drift hypothesis Single supercontinent called Pangaea 200 million years ago Pangaea (all land) began to break up and started drifting to their present
More informationYanbu University College. General Studies Department. PHSC001 Course. Chapter9 (Basic Geology: Earthquakes and volcanoes ) Worksheet Solutions
Yanbu University College General Studies Department PHSC001 Course Chapter9 (Basic Geology: Earthquakes and volcanoes ) Worksheet Solutions Phsc001 worksheet9 solutions, yuc Page 1-6 Chapter 9 worksheet
More informationUnit 11: Plate Tectonics
Unit 11: Plate Tectonics A. Alfred Wegner 1. Continental drift hypothesis a. single supercontinent called Pangaea b. 200 million years ago Pangaea (all land) began to break up and started drifting to their
More informationChapter 16. Mountain Building. Mountain Building. Mountains and Plate Tectonics. what s the connection?
Chapter 16 Mountains and Plate Tectonics what s the connection? Mountain Building Most crustal deformation occurs along plate margins. S.2 Active Margin Passive Margin Mountain Building Factors Affecting
More informationPlay fairway mapping in the Northeast Atlantic Margin Comparison between mature and immature basins. David Mudge, Joanne Cranswick
Play fairway mapping in the Northeast Atlantic Margin Comparison between mature and immature basins David Mudge, Joanne Cranswick Contents Ternan North Sea Play fairway mapping Tertiary case study Northeast
More informationCHAPTER FOUR. Depth-Dependent Lithospheric Stretching at Rifted Continental Margins. Mark Davis and Nick Kusznir. Introduction
CHAPTER FOUR Depth-Dependent ithospheric tretching at Rifted Continental Margins Mark Davis and ick Kusznir Introduction While the uniform stretching model (McKenzie 1978) and its derivatives have been
More information1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted?
Notebook 7a and 7b Objective (left-side): Students will be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to make predictions about plate interactions. Mapping Reflection 1. What is Wegener
More informationLearning Objectives (LO)! Lecture 11: Plate Tectonics II! No Homework!! ** Chapter 3 **! What we ll learn today:!
Learning Objectives (LO)! Lecture 11: Plate Tectonics II! No Homework!! ** Chapter 3 **! What we ll learn today:! 1. List the three types of tectonic plate boundaries! 2. Describe the processes occurring
More informationLecture 4.1 Continental Drift
Plate Tectonics Chapter 4 California Science Content Standards Covered: Big Ideas 3A: Students know the features of the ocean floor that provide evidence of plate tectonics Mid Ocean Ridges (ex. Mid Atlantic
More informationBasin Analysis. Stra-graphy
Basin Analysis Stra-graphy Basin Analysis Basin analysis integrates program sedimentological, stra-graphic, and tectonic principals to develop a full understanding of the rocks that fill sedimentary basins.
More informationThe Lithosphere and the Tectonic System. The Structure of the Earth. Temperature 3000º ºC. Mantle
The Lithosphere and the Tectonic System Objectives: Understand the structure of the planet Earth Review the geologic timescale as a point of reference for the history of the Earth Examine the major relief
More informationDYNAMIC PLANET. Name: School:
DYNAMIC PLANET November 4 th Scrimmage Name: School: Directions: DO NOT open the packet until prompted to. The test will be a 50 minute test and answer each question to the best of your abilities. Total:
More informationEarthquakes. Earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of energy
Earthquakes Earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of energy The amount of energy released determines the magnitude of the earthquake Seismic waves carry the energy away from its origin Fig. 18.1 Origin
More information(b) What is the amplitude at the altitude of a satellite of 400 km?
Practice final quiz 2015 Geodynamics 2015 1 a) Complete the following table. parameter symbol units temperature T C or K thermal conductivity heat capacity density coefficient of thermal expansion volumetric)
More informationDistribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches. Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes
Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics Global Problems in Geology Distribution of Continents Mid-ocean Ridges Trenches Orogenic Belts Deformation Metamorphism Volcanism Earthquakes Development of Continental
More informationCourse of Geodynamics Dr. Magdala Tesauro
Course of Geodynamics Dr. Magdala Tesauro Course Outline: 1. Thermo-physical structure of the continental and oceanic crust 2. Thermo-physical structure of the continental lithosphere 3. Thermo-physical
More informationMohorovicic discontinuity separates the crust and the upper mantle.
Structure of the Earth Chapter 7 The Earth is divided into 3 Main Layers 1. Crust outermost layer 1% of the Earth s mass thickness varies: 5 100 km two types: oceanic denser continental Mohorovicic discontinuity
More information