1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted?
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1 Notebook 7a and 7b Objective (left-side): Students will be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to make predictions about plate interactions. Mapping Reflection 1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted?
2 Warm-up Answers 1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted? 1. The continents are drifting apart from once being connected as part of a super continent Wegener called Pangea. 2. Continental puzzle; Matching fossils; Matching rock types; Ancient climate 3. His theory didn t have a scientifically accepted mechanism for continental movement.
3 Earthquake Map The map shows earthquakes last year.
4 Seafloor Spreading
5 Mountain Ranges
6 Seismicity, Tectonics, & Volcanoes The Earth is divided into relatively stable regions bounded by linear zones of earthquakes and volcanoes. Modified from USGS Graphics
7 Tectonic Plates There are a dozen large lithospheric plates (smaller plates not shown). Some plates have continents; some don t. All are in motion.
8 Layers of the Earth Lithosphere: The rigid outer layer of Earth, including the crust and upper mantle. Asthenosphere: The semifluid layer of the Earth beneath the rigid lithosphere.
9 Earth vs. Egg Earth radius = 6370 km Lithosphere (plate) thickness = 100 km What % of Earth radius is lithosphere? ~2% Egg radius = 0.75 inch Egg shell thickness = inch What % of egg radius is shell? 2%
10 Plate tectonics Plates are driven by cooling of Earth. Gravity provides additional force to move plates. Modified from USGS Graphics Convection is like a boiling pot.
11
12 What are the tectonic plates? Lithosphere Is the ~100-km-thick surface of Earth; Contains crust and upper mantle; Is rigid and brittle; Fractures to produce earthquakes.
13 Tectonic Plates How fast are the plates moving? Plates move 1-10 centimeters per year ( rate of fingernail growth). Modified from USGS Graphics
14 USGS Graphics What is the asthenosphere? Asthenosphere: Is the hotter upper mantle below the lithospheric plate; Can flow like silly putty; and Is a viscoelastic solid, NOT liquid!!
15 Two Types of Plates Continental Plates: Thicker, but less dense plates. Oceanic Plates: Less thick, but denser plates.
16 Predict Based on what you have learned about tectonic plates, make predictions about what will happen in the following situations. 1. Two continental plates collide 2. Two plates move apart 3. Two plates move rub against each other
17 Three Basic Types of Plate Boundaries Divergent Convergent Transform USGS Graphics
18 Three Basic Types of Plate Boundaries Divergent Convergent Transform USGS Graphics
19 USGS sea-floor maps Divergent boundaries New crust is generated as the plates pull apart. Occur at spreading ocean ridges and in continental rifts. Earthquakes are shallow and small. Example: East Pacific Rise (moving apart at about 15 cm/year) Examples: Atlantic mid-ocean ridge Basin and Range, USA African Rift Valley Northern Red Sea
20 Convergent Plate Boundaries Ocean /Ocean convergence (Marianas) Plates push together. A) The denser plate subducts, or B) two continental plates crunch together to form high mountains. Ocean /Continent convergence (Cascades) Continent/Continent Collision (Himalayas)
21 Transform Boundaries Lithosphere is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other. Strike-slip fault Example: San Andreas Fault, California Strike-slip fault between two spreading ridges allows the two plates to move apart.
22 Quick Questions (QQ) 1. How does the theory of Tectonic Plates fix complete Wegener s theory of continental drift? A. It gives a mechanism for continental movement.
23 Mapping Reflection 1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted?
24 Instructions Turn in Rock Cycle proposals to basket (make sure name and period # are on it) Turn to page 7b, work on QQ 2: 2. List two pieces of evidence that helped develop the theory of plate tectonics? A. Evidences: Sea floor spreading; Earthquake locations; Volcanic activity; Mountain ranges
25 Quick Questions (QQ) 3. What are the five layers of the Earth s structure? A. Inner core, outer core, mantle, outer mantle, crust
26 Quick Questions (QQ) 4. What type of boundary exists between the South American Plate and African Plate? A. Divergent Boundary
27 Quick Questions (QQ) 5. Explain what happens at a convergent boundary between a continental plate and an oceanic plate. A. Subduction the denser oceanic plate slides beneath the continental plate. Creates an ocean trench and likely a volcanic range on the continental plate.
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