Hydrocarbon Potential of Jurassic Source Rock in the Guiana-Suriname Basin*

Transcription

1 Hydrocarbon Potential of Jurassic Source Rock in the Guiana-Suriname Basin* Clyde P. Griffith 1 Search and Discovery Article #10941 (2017)** Posted May 15, 2017 *Adapted from oral presentation given at AAPG 2017 Annual Convention and Exhibition, Houston, Texas, April 2-5, 2017 **Datapages 2017 Serial rights given by author. For all other rights contact author directly. 1 Petroleum Contracts, Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname NV, Paramaribo, Suriname (clydegriffith@staatsolie.com) Abstract Mid to upper Jurassic age source rocks, and their related petroleum systems, have played a major role in generating some of the world's largest oil and gas fields. Middle-Upper Jurassic source rocks are mainly found in the Middle East (Hanifa-Naokelkan- Sargelu-Dukhan formations), the Caspian region (various formation names), West Siberia (Bazhenov Formation), North Sea (Kimmeridgian Clay), and Gulf of Mexico (Haynesville Shale). These rocks are predominantly marine shale and marly limestone with kerogen types II and III, and have charged Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous oil and gas reservoirs The Guyana Suriname Basin displays the geologic elements described above. Mid to late Jurassic age graben structures, filled with syn-rift sediments, overlain by post rift, passive margin, prograding marine sediments from mid Cretaceous to present can be identified on seismic lines offshore Suriname. None of these graben structures have been penetrated by wells. The questions therefore are: Is there mature source rock and related petroleum systems within the grabens of the Guyana Suriname Basin similar to that of the North Sea graben and the Kimmeridgian Petroleum System? How much hydrocarbons has been generated? What are the implications for the Suriname part of the Guiana Basin? Analysis of crude oil in the Upper Cretaceous reservoirs onshore Suriname revealed the presence of a possible Mid Jurassic Source Rock. In addition, offshore well A2-1, drilled on the Demerara Plateau in the Guyana Suriname Basin, penetrated pre-rift lower to middle Jurassic sediments and confirmed the presence of non-graben related Jurassic source rocks in the basin. Similarly, the Takutu Graben of onshore Guyana, interpreted as a failed arm of the early Jurassic North Atlantic rifting, has proven source rock and a unique Petroleum System within the graben. The evidence presented indicate: The Jurassic source rock is mature for hydrocarbon generation, The Jurassic source rock has generated tremendous amounts of hydrocarbons, and The Jurassic source rock in the Suriname part of the Guiana Basin can play an important role within the oil and gas industry for Suriname.

2 Selected References Erlich, R.N., and J. Keens-Dumas, 2007, Late Cretaceous Palaeogeography of Northeastern South America: Implications for source and Reservoir Development: In Proceedings of the 4th Geological Society of Trinidad and Tobago Geological Conference Caribbean Exploration Planning for the Next Century, June 2007, Port of Spain, Trinidad. Hanou, M.J., 1981, Geologic and Petroleum Analysis of the Suriname Coastal Region: GEOMAN International Report, Gulf Oil Company, Houston, TX, HTSC Report 442A2981, 52 p. Lawrence, S., and P. Coster, 1985, Petroleum Potential of Offshore Guyana: Oil and Gas Journal, v. 83, p Staatsolie, 2015, Geology of the Guyana-Suriname Basin: Website accessed May Staatsolie, 2010, Company Profile - Confidence In Our Own Abilities: Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname N.V., 2 p. USGS, 2012, Assessment of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of South America and the Caribbean, 2012: USGS, World Petroleum Resources Project, Fact Sheet , 3 p.

3 Hydrocarbon Potential of Jurassic Source Rock in the Guiana-Suriname Basin I I (' 1 J -:-: I -: 1 f[l :, at,:: I 1 -- I I~. 1 1_:;--- -.:- 1 Top!<.Joo,oc... TopCr~ T"" CenornanW> M;d AIbi... ( STAATS LlE )

4 Outline Geological Setting Equatorial Atlantic Petroleum System Evidence for Jurassic Source Rock Methods and Techniques Results Distribution of the Jurassic Source Rock Oil/ Gas Generation Reservoir Porosity Distribution Seal Capacity Migration Model Conclusions and Recommendations

5 Geological Setting-1 Geological Setting-l Overview Suriname - Guyana Basin Outline Guiana Basin South PileI fie Oc."n Suriname --- o 200 Outline Off,nore Acreage Suriname

6 Geological Setting-2 Geological Setting-2 Tectonic Evolution: Central Atlantic Rifting 3O' N " ' N "OW " ' W 10' W 0' 10 "E Characteristics:, ,77~:sr~=_:_~~~c:~~~~~;;~~~t4~?f-\~~~~~;1 I Scotese et al, ,, '-r ', " '- - ~.. Continues FaultinglExtension Continuous opening C, Atlantic Ocean (SmaIV Restricted) Dolerite dykes (NE-SW) Tal... lhl Graben - Continental sedimenst Grabens (Commewijne & Nickerie) - Based on Graben motphology - Continental deposition.. loon 'I ~ 1--- '/west AFR ICAN CRA~N -=== GUYANA CRATON 0' + + Mid Jurassic + + +

7 Geological Setting-2 Geological Setting-2 Tectonic Evolution: South Atlantic Rifting "'"N -I- 40'W "'"W 2fJ"W Scotese et al, W 0" WE Characteristics: Compression in the Eq. Atl. Takutu Graben - Lacustrine A2 - I well: no Aptian 1-23 well: Clayey sandi Tuff! Volcanic Rock 2fJ"N 1 0 " N~~~ GUrt~A CR N 0" Early Cretaceous

8 Geological Setting-2 Geological Setting-2 Tectonic Evolution: Equatorial Atlantic Rifting 70' W 6O' W SO' W 40'W 3O' W 2I)"W 10' W WE ",ON Scotese et al, 1992 Guio PI 10'N,. COCOS PlATE + GUYANA CRATON 10' S + Mid Cretaceous

9 Geological Setting-2 Geological Setting-2 Tectonic Evolution: Present Day Scotese et al, O' N N 2O' N loon 0' 10 S 20'S

10 Geological Setting-3 Geological Setting-3 Stratigraphy Guiana Basin... l~~~!~~.~!~e~!~!~~ ~~~: i---"":::: - Sand Clay limsone G(~benF ln Staatsolie, 2015

11 ~tak Equatorial Atlantic Petroleum System Equatorial Atlantic Petroleum System Characteristics: )- Thickness: up to 550m )- TOC: -4-7% in shelf break setting - up to 30% in deep water setting )- Type SR: Marine Type II )- Maturity: 40 to 45 Ma )- Migration: up to km to Onshore Oil Field GLO-1 A~ CRC-1 C.n.omllnian - SlIntonil n Pa l~.o~~phy _ Flwial Modified after Erlich, km c::j Slope Fans, Channels Skille Prone ~If _ Shale c::j HiOh TOC Shale Deposillon c:j Oxigenated lower Sl~ ACT Source Rock!

12 Evidence for Jurassic Source Rock Analysis of crude oil in the Upper Cretaceous reservoirs onshore Suriname revealed the presence of a possible Mid Jurassic Source Rock. In addition, offshore well A2-1, drilled on the Demerara Plateau, penetrated Syn Rift Middle Jurassic Source Rock with TOC 1-2%. Similarly, the Takutu Graben of onshore Guyana, interpreted as a failed arm of the early Jurassic North Atlantic rifting, has proven source rock with TOC <2.5%).

13 Well Results Nickerie Graben Commewijne Graben Modified after Longacre, 2010)

14 Onshore Oil - Guiana Basin Onshore Oil - Guiana Basin CO 1 SON~ SON 2 mfojmaoon deducted from HanOll, I981 and IL"mn,,..,, 'CO''''', 1985 and Bullbtook, 1941 and All., (Staatsolie, 2010)

15 Outline Jurassic Source Rock Jurassic Oceanic Crust Cretaceous Oceanic Crust Stretched/ Rifted Pre- Cambrian Continental Crust Demerara Plateau Modified 13 after Longacre, 2010)

16 Cont. Crust Stretched Cont. Crust Oc. Crust Half Graben km E~~!!:! Stretched Cont. Crust

17 Methods and Techniques Sea Bed Top Miocene Top Cretaceous Mid Albian Top Jurassic Mid Jurassic Top SR Bottom SR Regional Data set/ A2-1 was used Interpretation of Top and Bottom Jurassic Source Rock Petroleum System Model constructed Generated Potential Estimated VS Potential of Albian Reservoirs Migration Model Proposed

18 Distribution Jurassic Source Rock Characteriscts: - Av. Thickness: 350m - Area: 31MM km² - VG: 150B bbls

19 Maturity Albian Maturity Albian '"' '''''' noooo "0'" ""' "'0 HH){)OOO 257 ODP 1261 Vitrinite reflecta nce, * CO-1 CRC-1 '.00 I- 3." 3_20 2." ' SO " o km."-=~!.. =~!...!==~I O{JOOO '''''' ""' HHl<IOOO

20 Oil Oil '"" "' nchloo ODP CRC-1 CO-1 o km.,,-=~!,,!==3!...!==~ "'

21 Gas Gas '"' S6OO00 6O{IOOO ''' saoooo ODP 1261 CO-1 + CRC-1 o km.,,-=~!,, ==3!...! ==~1 S6OO00 6O{IOOO ''' saoooo <1000

22 Albian Reservoir Porosity Distribution Albian Reservoir Porosity Distribution "" "'0000 saoooo Porosi ty (m3/m3) _ r- 0.30' ' o km.,,-=~!,, ==3!...!==~ saoooo

23 Seal Capacity Upper Cretaceous Seal Capacity Upper Cretaceous ~ s-oooo saoooo 12(H){ '," HIOOOOO Pressure [bar] I"""l _0000 6_ o km.,,-=~!,,!==3!...!==~1 ~ (H){J00 s.oooo <100

24 Oil Migration Recoverable Resources: 5B bbls

25 Proposed Migration Model Mid Jurassic Petroleum System: 1. Source Rock: Mid Jurassic 2. Trapping: Structural: Anticline fault related 3. Reservoir: Albian Sands 4. Migration: Through faults 5. Seal: Transgressive shales

26 Conclusions 1. There is strong evidence for the presence of a Jurassic Source Rock within the Guiana Suriname Basin, based on: 1. Penetration of the Callovian Source Rock in the A2-1 well 2. Indications of Jurassic biomarkers in Paleocene/ Cretaceous Reservoirs in Onshore wells 3. Analog perspective of the Takutu Graben in relation with the Nickerie and Commewijne Graben 2. Based on this model 150B bbls hydrocarbons has been generated 3. There is potential for accumulation of 5B bbls 4. Risks for Jurassic Source Rock for the Guiana Suriname Basin are over-maturity

27 Recommendations Further studies and analysis are required Detailed Source Rock facies mapping Well penetration in the Jurassic Source Rock

28 Than y v rym ch f r If Y ur a n I n ( STAATS LlE )