THE GEOLOGICAL BULLETIN OF THE PUNJAB UNIVERSITY

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1 THE GEOLOGICAL BULLETIN OF THE PUNJAB UNIVERSITY Number 39 December 2004 CONTENTS Page Ultrapotassic Magmatic rocks from the Loe-Shilman Carbonatite Complex, Khyber Agency Khurshid Alam Butt and Akhtar Ali Saleemi 1 Provenance of the Western Himalayan molasses sediments, Bannu Basin, Trans Indus Ranges, North Pakistan. Iftikhar Ahmed Abbasi M. Asif Khan and Said Rahim 9 The Geology and Sedimentology of the Triassic sequence, Kala Chitta Range, Lesser Himalayas, Pakistan. M. Kaleem Akhtar Qureshi Shahid Ghazi, Aftab Ahmad Butt Nasrullah Dasti and Khan Rass Masood Muhammad Ashraf and Akhtar Ali Saleemi 19 Taphonomy and Paleocology of the Hasnot (middle Siwaliks), Potwar Plateau, Northern Pakistan. Muhammad Akbar Khan, Zulfiqar Ali, Abdul Ghaffar, Umar Farooq, Zafar hameed Bhatti and Muhammad Akhtar 33 Biostratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Upper Cretaceous Kawagarh Formation, Kala Chitta Range, Lesser Himalayas, Pakistan. M. Kaleem Akhter Qureshi Shahid Ghazi, Aftab Ahmad Butt, Nazir Ahmad, Nasrullah Dasti and Khan Rass Masood 37 Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of the Panjal Volcanic rocks in Azad Kashmir and Kaghan areas, Lesser Himalayas, Pakistan. M. Sabir Khan, Mohammad Ashraf and M. Nawaz Chaudhry 47 Hydrocarbon potential of the Upper Paleocene Lockhart Limestone from Shakardara Well-1, Kohat, Pakistan. Shahid Ghazi and Perveiz Khalid Malik 67 Microfacies and foraminiferal assemblage of the Lower Eocene Nammal Formation, Nilawahan Gorge, the Central Salt Range, Pakistan. Shahid Ghazi, Aftab Ahmad Butt, Kamran Ahmad Khan and Mohammad Ashraf 75

2 ULTRAPOTASSIC MAGMATIC ROCKS FROM THE LOE-SHILMAN CARBONATITE COMPLEX, KHYBER AGENCY KHURSHID ALAM BUTT Atomic Energy Minerals Centre, Hardrock Division P.O. Box No. 734 Peshawar. AKHTAR ALI SALEEMI Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan Abstract: Small intrusions piercing through Loe-Shilman carbonatite complex are described. Textural data presented herein suggest that these are high level sub-volcanic magmatic rocks with textures representing crystallization from a melt under high Δ T conditions. Petrographic, mineralogical and chemical data on three representative samples is used to classify these rocks to belong to ultrapotassic affinities. With total alkalies up to 8.75% and an average 2.9% Mgo reflects ultrapotassic affinities. The existence of these highly evolved ultra-potassic rocks suggest that at least some of the alkaline and carbonatitic magmatism is related to the subduction related processes. The necessity to invoke tensional regimes to explain alkaline magmatism in North Pakistan is, therefore, not compelling.

3 PROVENANCE OF THE WESTERN HIMALAYAN MOLASSE SEDIMENTS, BANNU BASIN, TRANS INDUS RANGES, NORTH PAKISTAN IFTIKHAR AHMED ABBASI Department of Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan M. ASIF KHAN NCE in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan SAID RAHIM Geoscience Labs. Geological Survey of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract: A thick molasses sequence of interbedded sandstone, siltstone, clay and conglomerate is exposed along the westernmost part of the Kohat Plateau around Bannu area. The basal sandstone beds, lying unconformably over the Eocene Habib Rahi Limestone, and interbedded with exotic pebble layers, are part of the Kamlial Formation. The sandstone and conglomerate beds within the Kamlial Formation were studied in detail for their composition to workout their source terrain. The sandstone has a simple composition of quartz, feldspar, chert and volcanic rock fragments. The interbedded pebble layers reveal direct information about the probable source area and are comprised of volcanics, chert, various types of limestones, and ultramafic fragments such as serpentinites. Abundance of volcanics, chert and ultramafics points to major contribution from the suture zone areas. This study, for the first time points to a westerly source for the Miocene and younger molasses sediments deposited along the western margin of the Kohat foreland basin. The detritus was contributed form uplifted Waziristan igneous and sedimentary complex and Kuram mélange zone. The sediments were deposited by a tributary system analogous to present day Kuram and Tochi rivers draining through more or less similar terrains at present.

4 THE GEOLOGY SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE TRIASSIC SEQUENCE, KALA CHITTA RANGE, LESSER HIMALAYAS, PAKISTAN. M. KALEEM AKHTAR QURESHI Geological Survey of Pakistan, Trade Centre Johar Town Phase II, Lahore, Pakistan SHAHID GHAZI, AFTAB AHMAD BUTT Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan. NASRULLAH DASTI Geological Survey of Pakistan, Trade Centre Johar Town Phase II, Lahore, Pakistan KHAN RASS MASOOD Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan Abstract: The Triassic sequence in the Himalayan Foothills of the Kala Chitta Range constitutes the Mianwali Formation, the Chak Jabbi Limestone and the Kingriali Formation. Microfacies analysis, depositional style and the diagenetic aspects of these stratigraphic units have been outlined for the first time. In the Mianwali Formation four microfacies were identified in addition to the newly recorded ammonoid fauna. The Chak Jabbi Limestone revealed a limited number of facies and is composed of limestone or dolomitic limestone. The Kingriali Formation is composed of dolomite and dolomitic limestone. A total of seven microfacies of the KIingriali formation has been identified, in addition to the recognition of varying nature of dolomitizing fluids. The study has drawn attention towards the carbonate platform deposition of the entire sequence in the Tethyan Realm.

5 TAPHONOMY PALEOECOLOGY OF THE HASNOT (MIDDLE SIWALIKS), POTWAR PLATEAU, NORTHERN PAKISTAN MUHAMMAD AKBAR KHAN, ZULFIQAR ALI, ABDUL GHAFFAR, UMAR FAROOQ, ZAFAR HAMEED BHATTI MUHAMMAD AKHTAR Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan Abstract: Processes of preservation determine the nature of the fossil record at different scales. At global scale, only depositional environments contribute to the long-term fossil record. Their (fossils) ecology and geology constitute the environmental record of the history of life, and their distribution is controlled by plate tectonics, sea level, and climate. At the scale of a depositional system, the special distribution of local environments determines the habitats available to organisms; the rates and processes of preservation may vary greatly among these environments in relation to the physical aspects of the environment and the biological attributer; the inhabitants. At the scale of a fossil assemblage, taphonomic processes influence the taxonomic composition, the taxonomic, temporal, and spatial resolution, the abundance of preserved material and the completeness of the fossil record. Taphonomic features of fossil assemblages provide a basis for assessing the quality of the fossil record and the nature of evolutionary and ecological questions that can be addressed with the available data. Differences in the lateral distribution of sedimentary facies, in associated habitats and processes of mortality, and in post-mortem alteration, transport, and burial may substantially change the amount, quality and identifiability of preserved material.

6 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS KAWAGARH FORMATION, KALA CHITTA RANGE, LESSER HIMALAYAS, PAKISTAN M. KALEEM AKHTAR QURESHI Geological Survey of Pakistan, Trade Centre Johar Town Phase II, Lahore, Pakistan SHAHID GHAZI, AFTAB AHMAD BUTT Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan. NASRULLAH DASTI Geological Survey of Pakistan, Trade Centre Johar Town Phase II, Lahore, Pakistan KHAN RASS MASOOD Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan Abstract: Biostratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the Upper Cretaceous (Coniacian-Campanian) Kawagarh Formation in the Kala Chitta Range has been undertaken for the first time. Age diagnostic planktonic foraminifers and pollens have been discovered and illustrated. Detailed petrographic examinations revealed interesting microfacies variations and diagenetic imprints that are discussed in this paper. The Kawagar Formation on the basis of its micro faunal content has been developed as an outer neritic micritic facies. The Kawagarh Formation is confined to the Kawagarh Hills and the northern part of the Kala Chitta Range. Its absence in the Sourhern Kala Chitta Range is attributed to the Paleogeographic framework during the Upper Cretaceous.

7 GEOCHEMISTRY PETROGENESIS OF THE PANJAL VOLCANIC ROCKS IN AZAD KASHMIR KAGHAN AREA, LESSER HIMALAYAS, PAKISTAN M. SABIR KHAN Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad Mohammad Ashraf 178-B, PCSIR EHS-1, Canal Road, P.O. new Campus, Lahore, Pakistan. M. NAWAZ CHAUDHRY C/o College of Environmental Sciences, Punjab University, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan. Abstract: The Panjal volcanic rocks were studied for major and trace elements. The geochemical data indicate that the Panjal volcanics are dominantly tholeiitic to mildly alkalic basalts. The rocks show enrichment in incompatible elements like K (0.05 to 4.61), Sr ( ppm), Ba (23 to 687 ppm) and Rb (2 to 244 ppm). In contrast TiO2 ranges from 1.11 to 2.69%, P2O5 from 0.09 to 0.41% and Zr from 53 to 253 ppm. The Panjal volcanic rocks are characterized by their higher Zr/Y (3.8 to 4.16), and Ti/Y (331 to 371) ratios than the N-MORB. They show variable Zr/Nb (5 to 11) ratios for the Panjal volcanic rocks. Two samples show higher Zr/Nb ratio (33.63). The Panjal volcanic rocks show enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to heavy rare earth elements. Chondrite normalized LREE [(La/Yb) = 3.29 to 11.16, (Ce/Yb) = 2.83 to 8.62 and (La/Sm) = 1.96 to 4] data indicate an enriched P-type mid ocean ridge source for these rocks. REE (La, Sm and Yb), Ti%, Zr and Y data suggest that the source rocks (Garnet lherzolite and lherzolite) for the Panjal volcanics have undergone variable degrees (13 to 28%) of partial melting. Geochemical variations in the Panjal volcanics indicate that they have been effected by fractional crystallization which is evident in the trace element patterns of these rocks from different sections. The difference in trace element abundances and ratios in the Panjal Volcanic rocks reflect compositional differences in the mantle source rocks and / or melting conditions. The elemental variations may also be due to mantle heterogeneity. They have been effected by some degrees of crustal contamination as indicated bynb/y (0.36, 0.25, 0.23), Rb/Y (1.08, 10.25, 13.17), and Rb/Nb (3, 1, 56) rations (for three rocks respectively).

8 HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE UPPER PALEOCENE = LOCKHART LIMESTONE FROM SHAKARDARA WELL-1, KOHAT, PAKISTAN. SHAHID GHAZI Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore-54590, Pakistan. PERVEIZ KHALID MALIK 55-A PIA E.C.H.S. Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract: The Shakardar well 1 was drilled to a depth of 4548 m to evaluate hydrocarbon potential of the middle Eocene Kuldan formation, the Upper Paleocene Lokhart Limestone and the Lower Jurassic Datta Formation. The present study however, has been confined to the Lockhart Limestone form a depth interval of 4346 m to 4494 m by examining the response of the various wireline logs recorded at one-meter interval. The Lockhart Limestone has been found being mostly compact and microfracured having no secondary, leading to conclude low permeability. Hence, the Lockhart Limestone is not a favourable candidate for the hydrocarbon exploration activity.

9 MICROFACIES FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGE OF THE LOWER EOCENE NAMMAL FORMATION, NILAWAHAN GORGE, THE CENTRAL SALT RANGE, PAKISTAN SHAHID GHAZI, AFTAB AHMAD BUTT, KAMRAN AHMAD KHAN Institute of Geology, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan MOHAMMAD ASHRAF 179-B, PCSIR-ECHS-1 Canal Road, P.O. New Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan Abstract: Foraminiferal biostratigraphy and sedimentological studies have been undertaken from the Lower Eocene (Ypresian) Nammal formation form the Nilawahan Gorge in the Central Salt Range. A number of benthonic larger foraminiferal species has been identified. The microfacies are bioclastic wackestone, packstone and grainstone. It is about m thick at the Nilawahan Gorge and can be distinguished into alternate marl and limestone, well-bedded limestone with chert nodules and limestone interbedded with shale. The foraminiferal content and the microfacies analysis point out inner neritic environments of the Nammal Formation.