Changes to the Late Paleozoic Strata of the Mid-Continent of the U.S. Cherokee to the Kansas City Groups

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1 Changes to the Late Paleozoic Strata of the Mid-Continent of the U.S Cherokee to the Kansas City Groups By Ken Stalder March 12, 2011

2 Terms for Confusion Stratigraphy - the study of layered sequences of sedimentary and/or volcanic rock that conform to the principles of superposition(the oldest rocks on the bottom and the youngest on the top). Chronostratigraphy - studies the age of rock strata in relation to time. The aim is to arrange the sequence of deposition and the time of deposition of all rocks within a geological region, and eventually, the entire geologic record of the Earth. Geochronology - tries to determine the absolute age of rocks, using various dating methods Radiocarbon, Uranium-Lead, Uranium-Thorium, Potassium-Argon, Argon-Argon Dating Lithostratigraphy - study of strata or rock layers. Lithostratigraphic units are recognized and defined on the basis of observable rock characteristics. The descriptions of strata based on physical appearance. Allostratigraphy - maps the rock units on the basis of the timing of their accumulation.

3 North American Stratigraphic Code The Birth of Stratigraphy - Great Britain Purpose: The North American Stratigraphic Code seeks to describe explicit practices for classifying and naming all formally defined geologic units. International Commission on Stratigraphy Purpose: To precisely define global units (systems, series, and stages) of the Internatl Chronostratigraphic Chart that, in turn, are the basis for the units (periods, epochs, and age) of the International Geologic Time Scale. From A. Hallam Great Geological Controversies Oxford Press, 1989 Who comes up with all this stuff?

4 Segments of Rock (strata) Chonostratigraphy Chronostratigraphy versus Periods of Time in Geochronology Geochronology Notes Eonotherm Eon 4 total, ½ billion years or more Erathem Era 12 total, 100s million years System Period Series Epoch 10s of millions of years Stage Age millions of years Graham, Joseph, Newman, William, and Stacy, John, 2008

5 Lithostratigraphic units Supergroup Group Subgroup Formation Member Bed Flow 2 or more groups or lone formation 2 or more formations or lone formation A group can be divided into subgroups Primary unit of lithostratigraphy Subdivision of a formation. It possesses lithologic properties distinguishing it from adjacent parts of the formation. Formations may have only certain parts designated as members. Distinctive layer in a member or formation. The smallest formal unit. A single stratum lithologically distinguishable from other layers above and below. (usually coal) Smallest distinctive layer in a volcanic sequence. A discrete extrusive volcanic body distinguishable by texture, composition, or other objective criteria.

6 Kansas City area 300 million years KC = approximate location of Kansas City vicinity, 1 = Appalachian Mountains, 2 = Ouachita Mountains, 3 = Ancestral Rocky Mountains. ago

7 Carboniferous System 280 to 340 million years ago. The Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity was an erosional interval in which Mississippian beds were truncated and a topographic surface of considerable relief was developed.

8 Correlation of Stratigraphic Units Correlation is a procedure for demonstrating correspondence between geographically separated parts of a geologic unit.

9 Correlating Utah to Kansas and Missouri Paradox Basin, southeast Utah

Pennsylvanian Subsystem Permian System Except Nebraskans think the Wabaunsee

of the Council Grove groups from the Permian to the Pennsylvanian to agree

Hertha formations and call them the Tacket Fm of the Coffeyville Group

10 Pennsylvanian Subsystem Permian System Except Nebraskans think the Wabaunsee Group is in the Permian Except Kansans and Iowans moved the Admire and part of the Council Grove groups from the Permian to the Pennsylvanian to agree with the Russians Except south central Kansans don t even like the Swope and Hertha formations and call them the Tacket Fm of the Coffeyville Group Except that Oklahomans don t like the Dennis Formation and call it the Hogshooter

11 Trying to get everyone to agree

12 Montgomery County, Kansas 3 wells 2 miles apart Margin Slope Tidal flat Basin

13 Missouri vs Kansas Cherokee Group Kansas Missouri Riverton Formation or Member Atokan or Desmoinesian? Black shale and coal Palynologic (pollen, spores, etc.) events indicate that its Desmoinesian

14 Missouri vs Kansas Maramaton Group Missouri Kansas

15 Missouri vs Kansas Pleasanton Group Missouri Geological Survey Kansas Geological Survey Howe Kansas Geological Survey, Heckel & Watney Missouri Reports on Investigation Gentile and Thompson Unnamed Fm Tacket Fm Shale Hill Fm Shale Hill Fm Shale Hill Fm Guthrie Mtn Sh Mbr Critzer LS mbr Guthrie Mtn Sh Mbr Critzer LS mbr Unnamed member Unnamed Blue Mound Sh mbr Blue Mound Sh mbr "Knobtown facies" Knobtown sandstone Knobtown LS mbr Knobtown LS mbr Unnamed Warrensburg SS. Mbr Weldon River SS mbr Weldon River SS mbr Unnamed Fm Lee's Summit Shale (fm) Mantley Shale mbr Mantley Shale mbr Unnamed member Unity Farm Sh mbr Exline LS mbr Exline LS mbr Exline LS mbr Exline LS mbr Hepler Formation Hepler Formation

16 Kansas City Group Changes

17 Old Zeller (1968) New Stratigraphic Classification Back by mistake by RC Moore

Hertha Formation Critzer Limestone Member moves to the Pleasanton Group The Critzer isn t very important to paleontologists. It is usually a very thin bed of calcareous nodules if present at all.

18 Hertha Formation Critzer Limestone Member moves to the Pleasanton Group The Critzer isn t very important to paleontologists. It is usually a very thin bed of calcareous nodules if present at all. Critzer LS mbr? #1-30 Zimmerman well, Cass County, Missouri 1932 Critzer LS mbr of Swope Fm 1935 Critzer LS of Sniabar limestone Fm 1949 Critzer LS mbr of Hertha Fm 2002 Critzer LS mbr of Shale Hill Fm

19 Ladore to the Elm Branch Fm Swope Fm Hushpuckney Shale Swope Fm Middle Creek LS Elm Branch Shale 2-9 of gray shale Upper 2 fossiliferous (brachipods, crinoid debris, bryozoans) Correlation problems with outcrops in southern Kansas caused the Ladore to be put in the wrong place Ladore becomes a shale member within the Swope formation, lying above the Bethany Falls and below the Galesburg The Ladore Shale member does not outcrop in Missouri 1908 Ladore-Dudley Sh (between Swope & Hertha formations) 1915 Ladore Shale of Kansas City Formation 1932 Elm Branch Shale of Swope Formation 1943 Ladore Shale 1957 Ladore-Galesburg Shale 1968 Ladore Shale 2002 Elm Branch Shale

20 Cherryvale and Dewey Formations Drum Formation becomes a member within the Cherryvale Dewey replaces Drum as name of formation Quivira Shale mbr moves from Cherryvale to Dewey Formation Some of the lower Quivira Shale mbr is included in the new Nellie Bly Formation

21 Nellie Bly Fm Cherryvale and Dewey Formations Dewey Fm Cement City Dewey Fm Quivira Cherryvale Fm Westerville Cherryvale Fm Wea

22 Nellie Bly Formation In Kansas, 1.5 gray blocky mudstone, sandstones, thin coals and gray to maroon mudstone. In Cass County, Missouri, the Nellie Bly Fm is thick consisting of shale, sandy shale, cross-bedded sandstone, limestone congomerate, nodular limestone, a thin coal bed with an underclay Nellie Bly Fm (Oklahoma) 1943 Belton Sand 1984 Belton Sandstone 1989 Nellie Bly mbr of Dewey LS Fm 2002 Nellie Bly Fm

23 Quivira Sh Cement City LS Dewey Formation Quivira Shale: 1-15 thick black fissile shale pinches out into the gray shale of the Nellie Bly Fm. Cement City LS: 5-12 gray to buff, thinly bedded in middle of member Drum LS 1949 Dewey LS mbr of Drum LS 1968 Drum LS (2 members) 1989 Dewey LS (3 members) 2002 Dewey LS (2 members)

24 Lane Formation and Return of the Liberty Memorial Shale 1915 Lane Fm overlies the Wyandotte and underlies the Plattsburg A misidentification of a shale/limestone unit in Franklin Co., Kansas, causes confusion between the Lane and the Liberty Memorial Lane Fm has the Island Creek Sh, Farley LS, and Bonner Springs Sh Liberty Memorial Sh is discontinued and the Lane becomes the shale unit between the Iola and Wyandotte formations. The Bonner Springs Sh becomes the shale between the Wyandotte and Plattsburg formations Revisiting the 1932 Franklin Co., Kansas, shale/limestone identification shows that the Lane formation is between the Wyandotte and Plattsburg Liberty Memorial Shale is used again to denote the shale unit between the Iola and Wyandotte formations.

Liberty Memorial Shale Ranges from 7-61 thick,

store, over 450 specimens of crinoids were

25 Liberty Memorial Shale Ranges from 7-61 thick, gray shale. Liberty Memorial Shale In 1889, during the excavation for the basement of a department store, over 450 specimens of crinoids were collected. Many of these are displayed in museums throughout the U.S. and Europe. Iola LS

26 There are more changes coming

27 More on Lithostratigraphy vs. Lithostratigraphy Allostratgraphy Ignores significant breaks in the sedimentary section. This can lead to significant miscorrelations. Allostratigraphy Uses discontinuities and surfaces to subdivide the sedimentary section. These discontinuities and surfaces are assumed to have time-stratigraphic significance.

Catskill Mountains (A) Lithostratigraphic interpretation which treated the units a layercake sequence of Hamilton and Portage shales, Chemung sandstones, and Catskill redbeds.

28 Catskill Mountains (A) Lithostratigraphic interpretation which treated the units a layercake sequence of Hamilton and Portage shales, Chemung sandstones, and Catskill redbeds. (B) Allostratigraphic interpretation, following Chadwick and Cooper that incorporates modern concepts of facies change. Time planes are shown by curved lines; each unit consists of Catskill redbeds in the east, sandy facies in the center, and shales in the west. (After Dunbar and Rodger, 1957; copied directly from Prothero and Schwab, 1996)

29 Sequence Stratigraphy Sequence stratigraphy subdivides sedimentary sections into chronostratigraphic packages. A sequence is a succession of strata bounded by unconformities. Parasequences are relatively conformable succession of genetically related beds such as: transgressive surfaces maximum flooding surfaces unconformities within a sequence. These surfaces & the associated strata form in response to: relative sea level rates of sedimentation. This approach enables the prediction of sedimentary bodies using: seismic cross-sections well logs outcrop studies of sedimentary rocks.

Prograding Successively younger parasequences are

Aggrading Successively younger parasequences are

30 Prograding Successively younger parasequences are deposited farther basinward Retrograditional successively younger parasequences are deposited farther landward in a backstepping pattern. Aggrading Successively younger parasequences are deposited above one another with no significant lateral shifts. Parasequences

31 Sequence Stratigraphy of the Bronson Subgroup (Dennis, Swope and Hertha formations)

32 Stark and Hushpuckney Shales In Western Kansas

33 Every KU Sed/Strat grad student for the last 15 years was required to have this diagram in their thesis

34 Could the Winterset be headed for Stratigraphic Changes?

35 Questions (please wake up) References Lexicon of Geologic Names of Kansas (through 1995) by D.L. Baars and Christopher G. Maples, editors Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian Cyclothem Succession in Midcontinent Basin, U.S.A. by P.H. Heckle, D.R. Boardman, W.L. Watney, J.E. Barrick, and J.P. Pope Paleozoic Succession in Missouri, Part 5, Pennsylvanian Subsystem by R.J. Gentile and T.L. Thompson Pennsylvanian Cyclic Platform Deposits of Kansas and Nebraska, by P. H. Heckle and L. Brady Revision of Stratigraphic Nomemclature and Classification of the Pleasonton, Kansas City, Lansing and Lower Part of the Douglas Groups, by P.H. Heckle and W.L. Watney The Geologic Time Spiral, A Path to the Past, Designed by Joseph Graham, William Newman, and John Stacy, Lithostratigraphy Units Units.ppt

THE PENNSYLVANIAN GEOLOGY OF SOUTH-CENTRAL IOWA

THE PENNSYLVANIAN GEOLOGY OF SOUTH-CENTRAL IOWA edited by Thomas Marshall and Chad Fields Geological Society of Iowa April 17, 2010 Guidebook 86 Cover Photograph The cover photograph shows the Pennsylvanian