MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Transcription

1 Exam Quiz 2 ES 117 Natural Disasters Aronson Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The most famous of all volcanoes probably is Vesuvius, and the most famous of its eruptions are those of 79 ce, which buried the cities of. A) Florence and Pisa B) Pompeii and Herculaneum C) Petra and Florence D) Naples and Milano E) Naples and Rome 1) 2) Over of volcanism is associated with the edges of tectonic plates. 2) A) 50% B) 60% C) 80% D) 70% E) 90% 3) Over of Earth's magma extruded through volcanism takes place at the oceanic spreading centers. A) 50% B) 90% C) 80% D) 60% E) 70% 3) 4) Spreading centers are an ideal location for volcanism because. 4) A) the asthenosphere rock has low percentages of SiO2 B) they sit above the high-temperature asthenosphere C) the oceanic plates pull apart causing hot asthenosphere rock to rise and undergo decompression melting to form magma that continues to rise D) All of these choices are correct. 5) Silicon and oxygen link up to form the silicon-oxygen. 5) A) dodecahedron B) dihedron C) hexahedron D) trihedron E) tetrahedron 6) The typical trend in a rising plume of subduction-zone magma is to increase the. A) viscosity B) explosive potential of the magma by holding in the gases more tightly C) percentage of SiO2 D) All of these choices are correct. 6) 1

2 7) The viscosity of magma is lowered by. 7) A) increasing temperature B) decreasing SiO2 content C) decreasing crystal content D) All of these choices are correct. 8) In magma, is the most abundant dissolved gas. 8) A) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) B) carbon monoxide (CO) C) water vapor (H2O) D) sulfur dioxide (SO2) E) carbon dioxide (CO2) 9) Seafloor spreading generates magma 9) A) grantic B) rhyolitic C) andesitic D) basaltic E) felsic 10) The 2004 Ocean tsunami killed an estimated 245,000 people in 13 countries. A) Pacific B) Southern C) Arctic D) Indian E) Atlantic 10) 11) During the course of a year, the equatorial regions of Earth receive about times as much solar energy as the polar regions. A) 18 B) 2.4 C) 81 D) 0.7 E) 36 12) Ascending air at the equator and descending air around 30 N and S latitudes create semicircular air circulation routes known as. A) the trade winds B) the semi-troposphere C) westerly winds (westerlies) D) Hadley cells E) the Subtropical High Pressure Zone 11) 12) 13) Rock may melt by. 13) A) lowering the pressure on it B) increasing its water content C) raising its temperature D) All of these choices are correct. 2

3 14) In 1985, produced a minor eruption that melted part of a glacier near its summit, sending a lahar down its slopes and killing at least 22,000 people. A) Mont Pelée, Martinique, B) Vesuvius, Italy, C) Nevado Del Ruiz, Colombia, D) Popocatepetyl, Mexico, E) Mt. Mayon, Philippines, 15) The trees that died in the Pacific Northwest after the great earthquake of 1700 were killed by. A) a cloud of methane that was released from sediments during the shaking B) the liquefaction of their underlying soils C) seawater after a tsunami rushed onshore D) seawater after faulting dropped the land below sea level E) mass wasting events in the days after the earthquake 16) Detailed mapping of the ocean bottom around the Hawaiian Islands revealed a previously unrecognized tsunami source. What did geologists discover on the seafloor in this area? A) a system of major oceanic transform faults B) slumps and debris avalanches formed by volcanic flank collapse C) a major undersea volcano D) a deep ocean trench along a subduction zone E) a huge undersea meteor crater 17) Mt. Rainier, Washington, is number one on the danger list of many U.S. volcanologists because of its. A) great height B) frequent earthquakes C) active hot-water spring systems, which have weakened the mountain internally D) extensive glacial cap E) All of these choices are correct. 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) The presence of water the melting point of rock. 18) A) does not change B) may raise or may lower C) lowers D) raises 19) The are the two main jet streams in each hemisphere. 19) A) temperate jet and tropical jet B) slow jet and fast jet C) polar jet and subtropical jet D) eastward jet and westward jet E) polar jet and temperate jet 3

4 20) The fraction of solar energy reflected back to space due to Earth's cloudiness or snow and ice cover is known as. A) albedo B) the reflection index C) the refraction index D) Snell's Number E) the Maxwell Number 21) Short-wavelength radiation from the Sun passes through a planet's atmosphere but some of the outgoing long-wavelength energy is absorbed and radiated again; this process is known as. A) the Bose-Einstein Effect B) the greenhouse effect C) global cooling D) convection E) the Walker Cycle 20) 21) 22) The greenhouse effect results in. 22) A) Milankovitch Cycles B) an increase in surface albedo C) cooling D) warming 23) The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a sample of water is referred to as the heat. A) specific B) greenhouse C) condensation heat D) latent 23) 24) When the relative humidity reaches 100%, excess water vapor condenses and forms liquid water; this temperature is the temperature of the air mass. 24) A) dew point B) maximum humidity C) condensation D) liquidus 25) The process of changing from a solid to a gas is referred to as. 25) A) evaporation B) condensation C) sublimation D) gasification 26) A sloping surface separating air masses that differ in temperature and moisture content is called a. A) front B) Hadley cell C) trade wind D) jet stream 26) 4

5 27) Most of the 245,000 deaths from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami occurred in. 27) A) Thailand B) India C) Sri Lanka D) Indonesia E) Bangladesh 28) The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was generated by a magnitude 9.2 earthquake along off the shore of Sumatra. A) a hot-spot island chain B) an oceanic transform fault C) a continental rift zone D) a subduction zone E) a seafloor spreading center 29) Prior to the 2004 event, the last major 1883 tsunami in the Indian Ocean struck in 1883 and killed about 36,000 people. This tsunami was caused by. A) a massive eruption of Toba B) a meteor that struck in the Central Indian Ocean C) a massive undersea landslide near Sri Lanka D) a large earthquake off the coast of Sumatra E) the collapse of Indonesia's Krakatoa Volcano 28) 29) 30) Tsunami is a Japanese word that means waves. 30) A) killer B) big C) dragon D) harbor E) island 31) Tsunami are created by big "splashes" made in the deep ocean by all but which of the following? A) meteor impacts B) volcanic eruptions C) fault movements D) landslides E) hurricanes 32) Earthquake-related tsunami are created by sub sea fault movements with pronounced vertical offsets of the seafloor. Such movements occur most commonly along. A) seafloor spreading centers B) oceanic transform faults C) hot-spot island chains D) continental rift zones E) subduction zones 31) 32) 5

6 33) Tsunami typically have relative to wind-blown waves. 33) A) short periods and short wavelengths B) long periods and short wavelengths C) short periods and long wavelengths D) long periods and long wavelengths E) long periods and no measurable wavelength 34) Most Icelandic eruptions are. 34) A) plinian eruptions B) super-eruptions C) explosive rhyolitic eruptions D) peaceful fissure eruptions 35) Active volcanoes today in Oregon and Washington, including Mt. St. Helens, result from. A) continent-continent collision B) spreading of the Juan de Fuca Ridge C) the subduction of the Juan de Fuca Plate beneath North America D) heat generated by friction on the San Andreas Fault E) the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath North America 36) The two most active Cascade Range volcanoes over the past 4,000 years are. A) Mt. Baker and Mt. Hood B) Lassen Peak and Newberry Volcano C) Mt. Shasta and Mt. Jefferson D) Mt. Rainier and Mt. Adams E) Mt. St. Helens and Mt. Shasta 35) 36) 37) Most of the people killed by the Mount St. Helens eruption of ) A) were in a town thought to be within a safe-zone B) had gone around barriers meant to keep people out of 'harms' way C) drowned when a large dam failed D) were scientists on top of the mountain E) were burned by lava flows 38) Violent causes of death from volcanic eruptions include. 38) A) poison gases B) lahars C) pyroclastic flows D) tsunami E) All of these choices are correct. 6

7 39) On 8 May 1902, a massive eruption of killed 30,000 people in the town of St. Pierre. A) Krakatau, Indonesia, B) Vesuvius, Italy, C) Nevado Del Ruiz, Colombia, D) Mont Pelée, Martinique, E) Mt. St. Helens, Washington, 40) The energy behind the 1902 pyroclastic flow that destroyed St. Pierre came from. A) gravity B) gas escaping from pieces of airborne pyroclastic material, creating a "popcorn" effect C) the blast of the volcano D) All of these choices are correct. 39) 40) 7