Predicting Erosion Rates of Cohesive Streambanks
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1 Predicting Erosion Rates of Cohesive Streambanks
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3 * Donovan M, A Miller, M Baker, A Gellis Sediment contributions from floodplains and legacy sediments to Piedmont streams of Baltimore County, Maryland. Geomorphology 235: Chesapeake Bay, USA (NASA)
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7 so channel widening is common
8 Subaerial Processes/ Erosion Fluvial Entrainment Bank Failure Freeze-thaw and wetdry cycling weaken soil Soil entrained during high flows Mass failure from slope instability
9 Lawler D., Thorne C., and Hooke J Bank erosion and instability. In: Applied Fluvial Geomorphology for River Engineering and Management
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20 Damien Lawler Stephanie Stotts, Michael O'Neal, James Pizzuto, Cliff Hupp Exposed tree root analysis as a dendrogeomorphic approach to estimating bank retreat at the South River, Virginia. Geomorphology 223:
21 036ca3021fecba2b47792abfe The problem isn t the accuracy of our measurement techniques. The problem is weather varies over time scales much greater than human lifespans!
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23 Subaerial Processes/ Erosion Fluvial Entrainment Bank Failure E ( ) r K d a c a f = c' +(s - m w ) tan f '
24 E ( ) r K d a c a E r = Erosion rate (L/T) K d = Erodibility coefficient (L 2. T/M) a = Actual shear stress (M/L. T 2 ) c = Critical shear stress (M/L. T 2 ) a = Exponent, assumed equal to 1
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27 New Stuff!
28 Changes in Fluvial Erosion with Stream Chemistry of Cohesive Streambank Soils
29 Open Access
30 Temperature ph Deicing salt
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32 (a) Kaolinite (b) Tubular crystals of halloysite (c) Spheroidal crystals of halloysite (d) Montmorillonite (e) Flaky illite (f) Fibrous illite Images courtesy of The Clay Minerals Society and the Clay Minerals Group of the Mineralogical Society (Images of Clay Gallery, available at Industrial Clays - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: [accessed 30 May, 2018]
33 Flow direction 5-cm dia. soil core, flush w/flume wall 40 cm 100 cm Flume insert Flow straightener Screw-type advance mechanism
34 Water temperatures of 10, 20, and 30 C ph of 6 and 8 NaCl concentrations of 0 and 5000 mg/l 3 replicates for each soil-t-ph-salt combination Velocity profiles and distance to sample measured with a Vectrino II ADCP Sample advanced after every 1 mm of erosion Shear velocity determined using rough law of wall (u = ττ ρ ) Shear stress ranged from Pa ( psf)
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36 Clay Type Bulk Density Soil Moisture Content Hammer Blows (g/cm 3 ) at Compaction (%) Per Layer Vermiculite Montmorillonite
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38 New research by Akin Akinola
39 1. Streambank retreat occurs primarily due to three processes: subaerial erosion/processes, fluvial erosion, bank failure 2. An accurate sample of streambank erosion rate requires similar time spans as precipitation and stream discharge measurement (20-30 years) 3. BSTEM provides a process-based estimate of bank retreat 4. Fluvial erosion rates of cohesive streambanks vary with stream and soil temperature, ph, and salt concentration
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Figure 0-18: Dendrogeomorphic analysis of streambank erosion and floodplain deposition (from Noe and others, 2015a)
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