BED LOAD SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "BED LOAD SEDIMENT TRANSPORT"

Transcription

1 BED LOAD SEDIMENT TRANSPORT Kamal EL KADI ABDERREZZAK EDF-R&D, Laboratoire National d Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE) September 2009 UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina

2 OUTLINE I. Bed load II. Settling velocity III. Incipient motion of sediment particles IV. Sediment sorting V. Bedload sediment transport capacity formulas 2

3 OUTLINE I. Bed load II. Settling velocity III. Incipient motion of sediment particles IV. Sediment sorting V. Bedload sediment transport capacity formulas 3

4 MODES OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT (1/3) Bed material load is that part of the sediment load that constantly exchanges with the bed Significant contribution to the channel morphology Bed material load is subdivided into bedload and suspended load Bedload: sliding, rolling or saltating in ballistic trajectory just above bed Suspended load: moves through the fluid 4

5 MODES OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT (2/3) Wash load is transported through without interaction with the bed Material finer than mm (silt and clay) Washload moves in suspension and does exchange with the floodplain Definition of bedload, suspended load and wash load depends on flow and sediment conditions Bedload may become suspended load under rapidly flow Some wash load in upstream channels may become bed-material load in downstream channels due to the weakening of flow strength 5

6 MODES OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT (3/3) Hjulstrom described the relationship between particle size and flow velocity required for erosion, Transport suspended or bed load and 6

7 BED LOAD (1/2) Bed load generally constitutes between 5 and 20% of the total load Particles move discontinuously by rolling or sliding at a slower velocity than the stream water, but may move short distances by saltation (series of short intermittent jumps) (Mode A) At larger stresses (Mode B), sediment particles move in several layers (sheet flow layer) At much more large stresses, some finer particles may go into suspension (Mode C) Sheet flow layer Video clip from the experiments of Miguel Wong 7

8 BED LOAD (2/2) Sheet flow When τ 0 > τ 0,sheet (τ 0 is the Shields number) the bedload layer devolves into a sliding layer of grains Sheet flows occur in unidirectional river flows Values of τ 0,sheet have been variously estimated as 0.5 ~ 1.5 (Gao, 2003) τ 0,sheet appears to decrease with increasing Froude number Wilson (1987): distribution of concentration (C) is approximately linear; Thickness 10d Channel lope= d = mm V = 1.05 m/s Fr = 1.85 τ sheet * = Video clip courtesy P. Gao and A. Abrahams; Gao (2003)

9 OUTLINE I. Bed load II. Settling velocity III. Incipient motion of sediment particles IV. Sediment sorting V. Bedload sediment transport capacity formulas 9

10 SETTLING VELOCITY (1/2) The seteling (or fall) velocity depends on particle size, shape, submerged specific weight, water viscosity, sediment concentration Navier-Stokes formula for a spherical particle under laminar flow condition 2 1 ρ s ρ d ωs = g 18 ρ υ van Rijn s (1984) formula for natural rivers Stokes law for d<0.1 mm Zanke (1977) formula for 0.1<d<1 mm 1/ 2 3 υ ρ s gd ωs = d ρ υ For d>1 mm ρ s ωs = gd ρ 1/ 2 ρ, ρ s =density of the water and sediment, respectively, ν =viscosity of water Relation of fall velocity with particle size, shape factor, and temperature (U.S. Interagency Committee, 1957) 10

11 SETTLING VELOCITY (2/2) Influence of sediment concentration on the settling velocity The settling velocity in turbid water is strongly reduced in comparison with that in clear water (hindered settling effect) ω = ( 1 ) n sm c ωs Richardson and Zaki (1954) Comparison between selected formulas for the fall velocity ω sm = sediment settling velocity in turbid water,,c =sediment concentration, n =exponent ranging between 2.3 and 4.9 She et al. (2005) R e = ω sd υ 11 d 3 g ( ρ / ρ 1) s 2 υ

12 OUTLINE I. Bed load II. Settling velocity III. Incipient motion of sediment particles IV. Sediment sorting V. Bedload sediment transport capacity formulas 12

13 SHIELDS DIAGRAM (1/2) The Shields number τ 0 τ τ 0 = g( ρ s ρ)d τ = bed shear stress Shields (1936) determined experimentally that a minimum, or critical Shields number τ 0,cr is required to initiate motion of the grains of a bed composed of non-cohesive particles The original Shields curve using wider ranges of laboratory data τ 0 13 U * d Re p = υ Shields curve modified by Chien and Wan (1983)

14 SHIELDS DIAGRAM (2/2) The relation between τ 0,cr and Re p is not explicit Guo (1990) fitted a curve to the experimental line of Shields τ 0, cr 0.23 = exp * d * ( d ) d=d[(ρ/ρ s 1)g/ν 2 ] 1/3 =non-dimensional particle size In the limit of sufficiently large Re p (fully rough flow), τ 0,cr becomes equal to 0.03 (Brownlie 1981) (=0.045 Yalin et Karahan (1979), =0.06 Guo (1990)) τ 0,cr deceases when bed slope, side slope or h/d increase (h=flow depth) τ τ 0, cr 0, cr( Shields) τ τ 0, cr 0, cr( Shields) 14 Side slope Parker (2007)

15 THRESHOLD OF NON- UNIFORM SEDIMENT PARTICLES (1/3) The Shields curve is no longer valid when the bed sediment consists of a larger range of grain sizes In a non-uniform sediment mixture, large grains are more exposed to the flow, thus having lower critical shear stresses (exposure phenomena) Smaller grains are hiding in the wake of larger grains and therefore have hiher critical shear stress (hiding phenomena) 15 Video clip by Alain Recking; Recking et al. (2008)

16 THRESHOLD OF NON- UNIFORM SEDIMENT PARTICLES (2/3) 16 The effect of exposure and hiding on the entrainment of sediments was first quantified by Egiazaroff (1965): theoretical correction for all grain size d k τ 0, cr ( d ) = τ k 0, cr ( d 50 ) log 19 d k d 50 2 In practice, the critical shear stress is corrected with an empirical relation of the form τ d = τ k 0, cr ( dk ) 0, cr ( d50 ) d50 γ γ = 0 yields the case of grain independence: there are no hiding effects γ = 1 yields the equal threshold condition: hiding is so effective that it completely counterbalances mass effects, all grains in a mixture move at the same critical boundary shear stress, and critical Shields number increases as grain size d k to the -1 power Buffington and Montgomery (1997) (Water Resources Research) provide an overview of several relations for correcting the critical shear stress of a particle d k due to the hiding-exposure effect

17 THRESHOLD OF NON- UNIFORM SEDIMENT PARTICLES (3/3) In the most general way, the threshold conditions in a given mixture can be represented, in the Re p plane, by a deformed Shields curve, which intersects the Shields curve for uniform sediment at a point P where no correction is needed Many formula for assume that the point P is given by the diameter d 50 The degree of deformation away from the Shields curve depends upon the degree of non-uniformity of the sediment mixture 17 Bettess and Frangipane (2003)

18 OUTLINE I. Bed load II. Settling velocity III. Incipient motion of sediment particles IV. Sediment sorting V. Bedload sediment transport capacity formulas 18

19 VERTICAL SORTING In low flow, only finer sediment transport can be transported A coarse surface may develop that inhibits the entrainment of finer, underlying sediment. This surface is called armour Gravel-bed rivers often display a coarse surface armor or pavement In sand rivers with dunes, the coarsest sediment are usually placed in a layer corresponding to the base of the dunes Armour layer in the Rhine river Video clip by Alain Recking; Recking et al. (2008) 19 Kleinhans (2002)

20 HORIZONTAL SORTING Horizontal sorting is often observed in cross-sectional direction, e.g. meander bends, tops of bars Laboratory experiments by Lisle et al. (1993) The response of a channel with a topography and bed material size typical of gravel bed rivers to reductions in sediment supply Laboratory flume filled and fed with a sand-gravel mixture After a series of quasi-stationary alternate bars were formed, feed rate was reduced. 20 Plan View showing of a rectangular channel the horizontal sorting of channel bed material. Laboratory experiments by Lisle et al. (1993)

21 DOWNSTREAM FINING 21 The size of river sediment normally decreases in the downstream direction, from boulders in mountain streams to silt and sand The sediment material composing bed load is gradually reduced in size by selective transport and abrasion Sternberg formulation (1875): an exponential decrease in the sediment diameter in the Rhine River Depends on the flow condition, sediment transport rate, bed meterial size (Robinson and Slingerland 1998) Seal et al. (1997) found that is in the range m -1 for natural rivers The formulation is not valid in all cases (e.g. Cosmunes Rivers) Abrupt change in channel bed slope, role of tributaries Median diameter of bed material in the Cosmunes River (USA) (Constantine et al., 2003)

22 OUTLINE I. Bed load II. Settling velocity III. Incipient motion of sediment particles IV. Grain sorting V. Bedload sediment transport capacity formulas 22

23 BEDLOAD SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CAPACITY Potential rate of sediment that can be transported for given flow conditions Many formulas exist, derived using different laboratory and field datasets and usually under simplifying assumptions about flow Most bedload formulas are expressed as a function of the excess in shear stress (τ 0 -τ 0,cr ) 23 After Garica (2007), pp 72-73

24 COMPARISON BETWEEN BEDLOAD FORMULAS Chien (1980) compared the formulas of Einstein (1942), Meyer-Peter and Mueller (1948), Bagnold (1966), and Yalin (1972) with measured data For weak sediment transport (τ 0 <0.5),the Yalin formula underpredicts the bedload transport rate, while the other formulas provide reasonably good predictions For strong sediment transport (τ 0 >0.5), the predictions of these formulas are significantly different 1/ τ 0 3 ( gρ s ( ρ s / ρ 1) ) / gd Chien (1980) 24 q s

National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics: Renesse 2003: Non-cohesive Sediment Transport

National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics: Renesse 2003: Non-cohesive Sediment Transport National Center or Earth-surace Dynamics: Summary o Lectures on Transport o Non-Cohesive Sediment What is Morphodynamics? Sediment Properties Modes o Transport o Sediment Equations or Conservation o Bed

More information

Settling-velocity based criteria for incipient sediment motion

Settling-velocity based criteria for incipient sediment motion Settling-velocity based criteria for incipient sediment motion Nian-Sheng Cheng School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore 2008 Settling velocity is

More information

EXAMPLES (SEDIMENT TRANSPORT) AUTUMN 2018

EXAMPLES (SEDIMENT TRANSPORT) AUTUMN 2018 EXAMPLES (SEDIMENT TRANSPORT) AUTUMN 2018 Q1. Using Cheng s formula estimate the settling velocity of a sand particle of diameter 1 mm in: (a) air; (b) water. Q2. Find the critical Shields parameter diameter

More information

Sedimentation Scour Model Gengsheng Wei, James Brethour, Markus Grünzner and Jeff Burnham August 2014; Revised October 2014

Sedimentation Scour Model Gengsheng Wei, James Brethour, Markus Grünzner and Jeff Burnham August 2014; Revised October 2014 Flow Science Report 03-14 Sedimentation Scour Model Gengsheng Wei, James Brethour, Markus Grünzner and Jeff Burnham August 2014; Revised October 2014 1. Introduction The three-dimensional sediment scour

More information

15. Physics of Sediment Transport William Wilcock

15. Physics of Sediment Transport William Wilcock 15. Physics of Sediment Transport William Wilcock (based in part on lectures by Jeff Parsons) OCEAN/ESS 410 Lecture/Lab Learning Goals Know how sediments are characteried (sie and shape) Know the definitions

More information

Sediment transport and river bed evolution

Sediment transport and river bed evolution 1 Chapter 1 Sediment transport and river bed evolution 1.1 What is the sediment transport? What is the river bed evolution? System of the interaction between flow and river beds Rivers transport a variety

More information

What? River response to base level rise. The morphodynamic system. Why? Channel-forming discharge. Flow. u = What s in a name. Flow Sediment transport

What? River response to base level rise. The morphodynamic system. Why? Channel-forming discharge. Flow. u = What s in a name. Flow Sediment transport River response to base level rise and other boundary conditions Dr. Maarten Kleinhans Summer course climate change and fluvial systems Course materials of Prof. Gary Parker Flow Sediment transport What?

More information

WASHLOAD AND FINE SEDIMENT LOAD. By Hyoseop S. Woo, 1 Pierre Y. Julien, 2 M. ASCE, and Everett V. Richardson/ F. ASCE

WASHLOAD AND FINE SEDIMENT LOAD. By Hyoseop S. Woo, 1 Pierre Y. Julien, 2 M. ASCE, and Everett V. Richardson/ F. ASCE WASHLOAD AND FINE SEDIMENT LOAD By Hyoseop S. Woo, 1 Pierre Y. Julien, 2 M. ASCE, and Everett V. Richardson/ F. ASCE INTRODUCTION Einstein (3) does not take credit for designing the washload concept, but

More information

(3) Sediment Movement Classes of sediment transported

(3) Sediment Movement Classes of sediment transported 9/17/15 (3) Sediment Movement Classes of sediment transported Dissolved load Suspended load Important for scouring algae Bedload (5-10% total load) Moves along bed during floods Source of crushing for

More information

National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics: Renesse 2003: Non-cohesive Sediment Transport

National Center for Earth-surface Dynamics: Renesse 2003: Non-cohesive Sediment Transport Introduction to Morphodynamics For the original references on the work of Exner see Graf, W., 1971, Hydraulics of Sediment Transport, McGraw Hill, New York, 513 p. Sediment Properties Dietrich, E. W.,

More information

Sediments and bedrock erosion

Sediments and bedrock erosion Eroding landscapes: fluvial processes Sediments and bedrock erosion Mikaël ATTAL Marsyandi valley, Himalayas, Nepal Acknowledgements: Jérôme Lavé, Peter van der Beek and other scientists from LGCA (Grenoble)

More information

3 Theoretical Basis for SAM.sed Calculations

3 Theoretical Basis for SAM.sed Calculations 3 Theoretical Basis for SAM.sed Calculations Purpose Sediment transport functions can be used to calculate the bed material portion of the sediment discharge rating curve. This rating curve can then be

More information

* Chapter 9 Sediment Transport Mechanics

* Chapter 9 Sediment Transport Mechanics Chapter 9 Sediment Transport Mechanics Section I Introduction 9-1. Definition Sedimentation embodies the processes of erosion, entrainment, transportation, deposition, and compaction of sediment. These

More information

(3) Sediment Movement Classes of sediment transported

(3) Sediment Movement Classes of sediment transported (3) Sediment Movement Classes of sediment transported Dissolved load Suspended (and wash load ) Important for scouring algae Bedload (5-10% total load Moves along bed during floods Source of crushing for

More information

Sediment continuity: how to model sedimentary processes?

Sediment continuity: how to model sedimentary processes? Sediment continuity: how to model sedimentary processes? N.M. Vriend 1 Sediment transport The total sediment transport rate per unit width is a combination of bed load q b, suspended load q s and wash-load

More information

Colloquium FLUID DYNAMICS 2012 Institute of Thermomechanics AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, October 24-26, 2012 p.1

Colloquium FLUID DYNAMICS 2012 Institute of Thermomechanics AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, October 24-26, 2012 p.1 p.1 NUMERICAL MODEL OF SALTATION IN OPEN CHANNEL WITH ROUGH BED Irina Kharlamova, Pavel Vlasak Institute of Hydrodynamics AS CR, v. v. i., Pod Patankou 30/5; 166 12, Prague 6, Czech Republic, e-mail: kharlamova@ih.cas.cz,

More information

INTRODUCTION TO SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AUTUMN 2018

INTRODUCTION TO SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AUTUMN 2018 INTRODUCTION TO SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AUTUMN 2018 1. OVERVIEW 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Particle properties 1.2.1 Diameter, d 1.2.2 Specific gravity, s 1.2.3 Settling velocity, w s 1.2.4 Porosity, P 1.2.5 Angle

More information

The Effect of Bedform-induced Spatial Acceleration on Turbulence and Sediment Transport

The Effect of Bedform-induced Spatial Acceleration on Turbulence and Sediment Transport The Effect of Bedform-induced Spatial Acceleration on Turbulence and Sediment Transport S. McLean (1) (1) Mechanical and Environmental Engineering Dept., University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106,

More information

Sediment Transport V: Estimating Bed-Material Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers. UC Berkeley January 2004 Peter Wilcock

Sediment Transport V: Estimating Bed-Material Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers. UC Berkeley January 2004 Peter Wilcock Sediment Transport V: Estimating Bed-Material Transport in Gravel-Bed Rivers UC Berkeley January 2004 Peter Wilcock Target: sediment rating curve Q s = ƒ(q) Approaches Predict from a flow & transport model

More information

Stream Entrainment, Erosion, Transportation & Deposition

Stream Entrainment, Erosion, Transportation & Deposition Lecture 12 Zone 2 of the Fluvial System, Continued Stream Entrainment, Erosion, Transportation & Deposition Erosion in a Fluvial Landscape Corrosion Chemical Erosion Corrasion Mechanical Weathering Cavitation

More information

1.3.1.1 Incipient Motion Particle movement will occur when the instantaneous fluid force on a particle is just larger than the instantaneous resisting force related to the submerged particle weight and

More information

Aqueous and Aeolian Bedforms

Aqueous and Aeolian Bedforms Aqueous and Aeolian Bedforms 1 Further reading & review articles R.A. Bagnold, 1941, The physics of blown sand and desert dunes Charru et al., 2013, Sand ripples and dunes, Ann. Review of Fluid Mech. 2

More information

PART 2:! FLUVIAL HYDRAULICS" HYDROEUROPE

PART 2:! FLUVIAL HYDRAULICS HYDROEUROPE PART 2:! FLUVIAL HYDRAULICS" HYDROEUROPE 2009 1 HYDROEUROPE 2009 2 About shear stress!! Extremely complex concept, can not be measured directly!! Computation is based on very primitive hypotheses that

More information

Cheng, N. S. (2006). Influence of shear stress fluctuation on bed particle instability. Physics of Fluids. 18 (9): Art. No

Cheng, N. S. (2006). Influence of shear stress fluctuation on bed particle instability. Physics of Fluids. 18 (9): Art. No Cheng, N. S. (006). Influence of shear stress fluctuation on bed particle instability. Physics of Fluids. 8 (9): Art. No. 09660. Influence of shear stress fluctuation on bed particle mobility Nian-Sheng

More information

Geomorphology 5. Stream Sediment Stream Sediment

Geomorphology 5. Stream Sediment Stream Sediment Geomorphology 5. Stream Sediment 1 Name 47 Points LEARNING OUTCOMES 5. Stream Sediment By the end of this assignment you should be able to: Describe the relationship between particle size and critical

More information

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Detroit District. Sediment Trap Assessment Saginaw River, Michigan

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Detroit District. Sediment Trap Assessment Saginaw River, Michigan U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Detroit District December 2001 December 2001 This report has been prepared for USACE, Detroit District by: W.F. BAIRD & ASSOCIATES LTD. 2981 YARMOUTH GREENWAY MADISON, WISCONSIN

More information

Improved physically based approaches for Channel Erosion Modeling in SWAT. Balaji Narasimhan, P. M. Allen, J. G. Arnold, and R.

Improved physically based approaches for Channel Erosion Modeling in SWAT. Balaji Narasimhan, P. M. Allen, J. G. Arnold, and R. Improved physically based approaches for Channel Erosion Modeling in SWAT Balaji Narasimhan, P. M. Allen, J. G. Arnold, and R. Srinivasan Outline Channel Erosion Sediment Routing In SWAT2000 and SWAT2005

More information

Do you think sediment transport is a concern?

Do you think sediment transport is a concern? STREAM RESTORATION FRAMEWORK AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT BASICS Pete Klingeman 1 What is Your Restoration Project Like? k? Do you think sediment transport is a concern? East Fork Lewis River, WA Tidal creek,

More information

compare to Mannings equation

compare to Mannings equation 330 Fluid dynamics Density and viscosity help to control velocity and shear in fluids Density ρ (rho) of water is about 700 times greater than air (20 degrees C) Viscosity of water about 55 times greater

More information

The domain of bedload sheets

The domain of bedload sheets The domain of bedload sheets J.G. Venditti Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada P.A. Nelson, & W.E. Dietrich University of California, Berkeley, California, USA ABSTRACT: Bedload

More information

Modeling and simulation of bedload transport with viscous effects

Modeling and simulation of bedload transport with viscous effects Introduction Modeling and simulation of bedload transport with viscous effects E. Audusse, L. Boittin, M. Parisot, J. Sainte-Marie Project-team ANGE, Inria; CEREMA; LJLL, UPMC Université Paris VI; UMR

More information

WATER INJECTION DREDGING by L.C. van Rijn

WATER INJECTION DREDGING by L.C. van Rijn WATER INJECTION DREDGING by L.C. van Rijn (info@leovanrijn-sediment.com) Description of method Almost all harbour basins suffer from the problem of siltation of sediments. Usually, the deposited materials

More information

Overview of fluvial and geotechnical processes for TMDL assessment

Overview of fluvial and geotechnical processes for TMDL assessment Overview of fluvial and geotechnical processes for TMDL assessment Christian F Lenhart, Assistant Prof, MSU Research Assoc., U of M Biosystems Engineering Fluvial processes in a glaciated landscape Martin

More information

Sediment Transport, Numerical Modeling and Reservoir Management some Concepts and Applications

Sediment Transport, Numerical Modeling and Reservoir Management some Concepts and Applications Sediment Transport, Numerical Modeling and Reservoir Management some Concepts and Applications CEMRACS 2013 August 6 th Magali Jodeau EDF R&D LNHE magali.jodeau@edf.fr Overview of the presentation What

More information

Lecture 3: Fundamentals of Fluid Flow: fluid properties and types; Boundary layer structure; unidirectional flows

Lecture 3: Fundamentals of Fluid Flow: fluid properties and types; Boundary layer structure; unidirectional flows GEOL 440 Sedimentology and stratigraphy: processes, environments and deposits Lecture 3: Fundamentals of Fluid Flow: fluid properties and types; Boundary layer structure; unidirectional flows Why study

More information

COMPARISON OF TRANSPORT AND FRICTION OF MONO- SIZED AND TWO-SPECIES SEDIMENT IN UPPER PLANE BED REGIME

COMPARISON OF TRANSPORT AND FRICTION OF MONO- SIZED AND TWO-SPECIES SEDIMENT IN UPPER PLANE BED REGIME ISBN 978-83-927084-8-3 ISSN 0867-7964 COMPARISON OF TRANSPORT AND FRICTION OF MONO- SIZED AND TWO-SPECIES SEDIMENT IN UPPER PLANE BED REGIME Štěpán Zrostlík, Vojtěch Bareš, Jan Krupička, Tomáš Picek, Václav

More information

Figure 34: Coordinate system for the flow in open channels.

Figure 34: Coordinate system for the flow in open channels. OE466 redging Processes 5. SCOUR 5.. Steady uniform flow in open channels This chapter is written with a view to bottom scour. The main outcome is the scour velocity as a function of the particle diameter.

More information

ESTIMATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF GROYNE LENGTHENING I. RÁTKY, ÉVA RÁTKY

ESTIMATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF GROYNE LENGTHENING I. RÁTKY, ÉVA RÁTKY ESTIMATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF GROYNE LENGTHENING I. RÁTKY, ÉVA RÁTKY Abstract. Hydraulic-morphological calculations in open channel flows still cause problems for modellers, partially because of

More information

Module 2. The Science of Surface and Ground Water. Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur

Module 2. The Science of Surface and Ground Water. Version 2 CE IIT, Kharagpur Module The Science of Surface and Ground Water Lesson Sediment Dynamics in Alluvial Rivers and Channels Instructional Objectives On completion of this lesson, the student shall be able to learn the following:.

More information

Modelling of flow and sediment transport in rivers and freshwater deltas Peggy Zinke

Modelling of flow and sediment transport in rivers and freshwater deltas Peggy Zinke 1 Modelling of flow and sediment transport in rivers and freshwater deltas Peggy Zinke with contributions from Norwegian and international project partners 2 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Basic ideas of flow

More information

C C C C 2 C 2 C 2 C + u + v + (w + w P ) = D t x y z X. (1a) y 2 + D Z. z 2

C C C C 2 C 2 C 2 C + u + v + (w + w P ) = D t x y z X. (1a) y 2 + D Z. z 2 This chapter provides an introduction to the transport of particles that are either more dense (e.g. mineral sediment) or less dense (e.g. bubbles) than the fluid. A method of estimating the settling velocity

More information

HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT OF SAND/SHELL MIXTURES IN RELATION WITH THE CRITICAL VELOCITY

HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT OF SAND/SHELL MIXTURES IN RELATION WITH THE CRITICAL VELOCITY HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT OF SAND/SHELL MIXTURES IN RELATION WITH THE CRITICAL VELOCITY Sape A. Miedema 1 & Robert C. Ramsdell ABSTRACT When considering pumping shells through a pipeline we have to consider

More information

Prediction of bed form height in straight and meandering compound channels

Prediction of bed form height in straight and meandering compound channels Water Resources Management III 311 Prediction of bed form height in straight and meandering compound channels R. D. Karamisheva, J. F. Lyness, W. R. C. Myers, J. O Sullivan & J. B. C. Cassells School of

More information

Summary. Streams and Drainage Systems

Summary. Streams and Drainage Systems Streams and Drainage Systems Summary Streams are part of the hydrologic cycle and the chief means by which water returns from the land to the sea. They help shape the Earth s surface and transport sediment

More information

Diego Burgos. Geology 394. Advisors: Dr. Prestegaard. Phillip Goodling

Diego Burgos. Geology 394. Advisors: Dr. Prestegaard. Phillip Goodling Sediment Transport into an Urban Tributary Junction Diego Burgos Geology 394 Advisors: Dr. Prestegaard Phillip Goodling 1 Abstract Tributary junctions are an important component of stream morphology and

More information

Name. 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different soil horizons, A, B, C, and D, are shown.

Name. 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different soil horizons, A, B, C, and D, are shown. Name 1. In the cross section of the hill shown below, which rock units are probably most resistant to weathering? 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different

More information

Stability of Gravel Bars & Bedload Transport in Paint Branch Creek

Stability of Gravel Bars & Bedload Transport in Paint Branch Creek Stability of Gravel Bars & Bedload Transport in Paint Branch Creek Andrew J. Kosiba April 28, 2008 Advisors: Dr. Karen Prestegaard Zach Blanchet University of Maryland: Department of Geology Abstract:

More information

Sediment Transport Analysis for Stream Restoration Design: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.

Sediment Transport Analysis for Stream Restoration Design: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Sediment Transport Analysis for Stream Restoration Design: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Brett Jordan Phd, PE HydroGeo Designs LLC. Land and Water Services Inc. THE GOOD THE BAD THE UGLY THE GOOD THE

More information

Earth Science Chapter 6 Section 2 Review

Earth Science Chapter 6 Section 2 Review Name: Class: Date: Earth Science Chapter 6 Section Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Most streams carry the largest part of their

More information

Application of a Site-Calibrated Parker-Klingeman Bedload Transport Model Little Granite Creek, Wyoming

Application of a Site-Calibrated Parker-Klingeman Bedload Transport Model Little Granite Creek, Wyoming Application of a Site-Calibrated Parker-Klingeman Bedload Transport Model Little Granite Creek, Wyoming by Mark R. Weinhold, P.E. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree

More information

Sediment and Erosion Design Guide

Sediment and Erosion Design Guide Sediment and Erosion Design Guide Sediment Transport & Bulking Factors Goals of this Session Review key principals Review basic relationships and available tools Review bulking factor relationships Purposes

More information

THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL RESEARCH ON SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN PRESSURISED FLOW CONDITIONS

THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL RESEARCH ON SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN PRESSURISED FLOW CONDITIONS University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Civil Engineering Theses, Dissertations, and Student Research Civil Engineering Summer 7-19-2011 THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL

More information

ONE-DIMENSIONAL (1-D) FLOW AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT NUMERICAL MODELS

ONE-DIMENSIONAL (1-D) FLOW AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT NUMERICAL MODELS ONE-DIMENSIONAL (1-D) FLOW AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT NUMERICAL MODELS Kamal EL KADI ABDERREZZAK EDF-R&D, Laboratoire National d Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE) 1 17-19 September 2009 UNL, Santa Fe, Argentina

More information

1. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the generalized bedrock of a part of western New York State.

1. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the generalized bedrock of a part of western New York State. 1. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the generalized bedrock of a part of western New York State. 3. The table below describes the deposits that an observer saw while

More information

Landscape Development

Landscape Development Landscape Development Slopes Dominate Natural Landscapes Created by the interplay of tectonic and igneous activity and gradation Deformation and uplift Volcanic activity Agents of gradation Mass wasting

More information

Sediment Transport in Open Channels

Sediment Transport in Open Channels 35 Sediment Transport in Open Channels D. A. Lyn Purdue University 35.1 Introduction 35.2 The Characteristics of Sediment Density, Size, and Shape Size Distribution Fall (or Settling) Velocity Angle of

More information

Calculation of Stream Discharge Required to Move Bed Material

Calculation of Stream Discharge Required to Move Bed Material Calculation of Stream Discharge Required to Move Bed Material Objective: Students will map two sections of a stream and calculate the depth, velocity, and discharge of flows required to move the stream

More information

NATURAL RIVER. Karima Attia Nile Research Institute

NATURAL RIVER. Karima Attia Nile Research Institute NATURAL RIVER CHARACTERISTICS Karima Attia Nile Research Institute NATURAL RIVER DEFINITION NATURAL RIVER DEFINITION Is natural stream of water that flows in channels with ih more or less defined banks.

More information

Effect of Sand Supply on Transport Rates in a Gravel-Bed Channel

Effect of Sand Supply on Transport Rates in a Gravel-Bed Channel Effect of Sand Supply on Transport Rates in a Gravel-Bed Channel Joanna C. Curran, A.M.ASCE, 1 and Peter R. Wilcock, M.ASCE 2 Abstract: In a series of flume experiments using constant discharge, flow depth,

More information

DOWNSTREAM SORTING OF SEDIMENT (additional control on channel width, depth and slope)

DOWNSTREAM SORTING OF SEDIMENT (additional control on channel width, depth and slope) DOWNSTREAM SORTING OF SEDIMENT (additional control on channel width, depth and slope) Image removed due to copyright concerns As the gravel gets finer, it is transported at lower slopes. The result is

More information

Teacher s Pack Key Stage 3 GEOGRAPHY

Teacher s Pack Key Stage 3 GEOGRAPHY Teacher s Pack Key Stage 3 GEOGRAPHY Geography Key Stage 3 Fieldwork Worksheet Rivers: 1. Is the water fresh or salty? (test its resistance or specific gravity) 2. Do you know where the water is coming

More information

Transport et Incision fluviale

Transport et Incision fluviale Transport et Incision fluviale 1 Sediment transport 2 Summerfield & Hulton, 1994 Sediment transport Rivers are by far the most important carriers of sediment on the continents, although glaciers have been

More information

The Hydrologic Cycle STREAM SYSTEMS. Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. The Hydrologic Cycle. Hydrologic Cycle

The Hydrologic Cycle STREAM SYSTEMS. Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. The Hydrologic Cycle. Hydrologic Cycle STREAM SYSTEMS Earth Science: Chapter 5 Reading pages 114-124 The Hydrologic Cycle Oceans not filling up Evaporation = precipitation System is balanced Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle Earth s Water

More information

Figure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream as it enters a lake. At which points along the stream are erosion and deposition dominant?

Figure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream as it enters a lake. At which points along the stream are erosion and deposition dominant? 1. In which type of climate does chemical weathering usually occur most rapidly? 1. hot and dry 3. cold and dry 2. hot and wet 4. cold and wet 2. Figure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream

More information

Development and testing of improved physically based streambank erosion and sediment routing routines in SWAT

Development and testing of improved physically based streambank erosion and sediment routing routines in SWAT Development and testing of improved physically based streambank erosion and sediment routing routines in SWAT Balaji Narasimhan, P. M. Allen, Stephanie Capello, and Dave Coffman, J.G. Arnold, and R. Srinivasan

More information

Surface Water and Stream Development

Surface Water and Stream Development Surface Water and Stream Development Surface Water The moment a raindrop falls to earth it begins its return to the sea. Once water reaches Earth s surface it may evaporate back into the atmosphere, soak

More information

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION STREAM DYNAMICS, CHANNEL RESTORATION PLANS, & SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ANALYSES IN RELATION TO RESTORATION PLANS

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION STREAM DYNAMICS, CHANNEL RESTORATION PLANS, & SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ANALYSES IN RELATION TO RESTORATION PLANS DESIGN METHODS B: SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PROCESSES FOR STREAM RESTORATION DESIGN PETER KLINGEMAN OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPT., CORVALLIS 2 ND ANNUAL NORTHWEST STREAM RESTORATION DESIGN SYMPOSIUM

More information

11/12/2014. Running Water. Introduction. Water on Earth. The Hydrologic Cycle. Fluid Flow

11/12/2014. Running Water. Introduction. Water on Earth. The Hydrologic Cycle. Fluid Flow Introduction Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars share a similar history, but Earth is the only terrestrial planet with abundant water! Mercury is too small and hot Venus has a runaway green house effect so

More information

COURSE NOTES AND STUDY GUIDE FOR GEO 432/532 APPLIED GEOMORPHOLOGY

COURSE NOTES AND STUDY GUIDE FOR GEO 432/532 APPLIED GEOMORPHOLOGY COURSE NOTES AND STUDY GUIDE FOR GEO 432/532 APPLIED GEOMORPHOLOGY STEPHEN T. LANCASTER, ASSOC. PROF., CEOAS 1. General Advice for Exam Preparation I ve included nearly 100 equations in the summary below,

More information

HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES, EQUIPMENT AND WATER DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS - Vol. I - Hydraulics of Two-Phase Flow: Water and Sediment - G R Basson

HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES, EQUIPMENT AND WATER DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS - Vol. I - Hydraulics of Two-Phase Flow: Water and Sediment - G R Basson HYDRAULICS OF TWO-PHASE FLOWS: WATER AND SEDIMENT G R Basson Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. Keywords: sediment, sediment transport, turbulence, river regime, stream

More information

Bedload equation analysis using bed load-material grain size

Bedload equation analysis using bed load-material grain size J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 61, 2013, 3, 241 249 DOI: 10.2478/johh-2013-0031 Bedload equation analysis using bed load-material grain size Arman Haddadchi 1 *, Mohammad H. Omid 2, Amir A. Dehghani 3 1 Australian

More information

Rivers T. Perron

Rivers T. Perron 1 Rivers T. Perron 12.001 After our discussions of large-scale topography, how we represent topography in maps, and how topography interacts with geologic structures, you should be frothing at the mouth

More information

arxiv: v1 [physics.flu-dyn] 27 Aug 2016

arxiv: v1 [physics.flu-dyn] 27 Aug 2016 Morphology and displacement of dunes in a closed-conduit flow, arxiv:1608.07729v1 [physics.flu-dyn] 27 Aug 2016 E.M. Franklin, F. Charru Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse, Allée du Pr. Camille

More information

B-1. Attachment B-1. Evaluation of AdH Model Simplifications in Conowingo Reservoir Sediment Transport Modeling

B-1. Attachment B-1. Evaluation of AdH Model Simplifications in Conowingo Reservoir Sediment Transport Modeling Attachment B-1 Evaluation of AdH Model Simplifications in Conowingo Reservoir Sediment Transport Modeling 1 October 2012 Lower Susquehanna River Watershed Assessment Evaluation of AdH Model Simplifications

More information

2. Governing Equations

2. Governing Equations 1. Introduction Submarine pipeline, unlike any other hydraulic structures that are vertically erected, are laid horizontally on the bed of oceans and rivers. Hence, the design of submarine pipelines associated

More information

Research Topic Updated on Oct. 9, 2014

Research Topic Updated on Oct. 9, 2014 Research Topic Updated on Oct. 9, 014 Sediment Settling Velocity F d W s 3 ga 1 d W s s s d d d a C F 1/ 1 gd C a a s d s Submerged weight = drag force One derives where ω s is the settling velocity, d

More information

Channel Pattern. Channel Pattern, Meanders, and Confluences. Description of Channel Pattern. Bridge (2003)

Channel Pattern. Channel Pattern, Meanders, and Confluences. Description of Channel Pattern. Bridge (2003) Channel Pattern Channel Pattern, Meanders, and Confluences Outline Description of channel pattern Alternate bars Channel pattern continua and evolution Controls of channel pattern Description of Channel

More information

CHAPTER 14 MIXED-SIZE SEDIMENTS

CHAPTER 14 MIXED-SIZE SEDIMENTS CHAPTER 14 MIXED-SIZE SEDIMENTS INTRODUCTION 1 In a certain sense, this is the most significant chapter in Part 2 of these course notes inasmuch as virtually all natural sediments comprise a range of particle

More information

NAME: GEL 109 Final Study Guide - Winter 2008 Questions 6-24 WILL be on the final exactly as written here; this is 60% of the test.

NAME: GEL 109 Final Study Guide - Winter 2008 Questions 6-24 WILL be on the final exactly as written here; this is 60% of the test. GEL 109 Final Study Guide - Winter 2008 Questions 6-24 WILL be on the final exactly as written here; this is 60% of the test. 1. Sketch a map view of three types of deltas showing the differences in river,

More information

LAB-SCALE INVESTIGATION ONBAR FORMATION COORDINATES IN RIVER BASED ON FLOW AND SEDIMENT

LAB-SCALE INVESTIGATION ONBAR FORMATION COORDINATES IN RIVER BASED ON FLOW AND SEDIMENT LAB-SCALE INVESTIGATION ONBAR FORMATION COORDINATES IN RIVER BASED ON FLOW AND SEDIMENT Mat Salleh M. Z., Ariffin J., Mohd-Noor M. F. and Yusof N. A. U. Faculty of Civil Engineering, University Technology

More information

G433. Review of sedimentary structures. September 1 and 8, 2010

G433. Review of sedimentary structures. September 1 and 8, 2010 G433 Review of sedimentary structures September 1 and 8, 2010 Fluid Parameters The three main parameters that determine the stable bedform in unidirectional flow conditions are: grain size flow velocity

More information

SISYPHE v5p9 tutorial RCEM, Sept 2009

SISYPHE v5p9 tutorial RCEM, Sept 2009 SISYPHE is a morphodynamical model, which has been developed to obtain realistic estimates of bed movements and sediment transport patterns driven by currents and/or waves. The bottom evolution equation

More information

SIMPLE GENERAL FORMULAE FOR SAND TRANSPORT IN RIVERS, ESTUARIES AND COASTAL WATERS by L.C. van Rijn (www.leovanrijn-sediment.com)

SIMPLE GENERAL FORMULAE FOR SAND TRANSPORT IN RIVERS, ESTUARIES AND COASTAL WATERS by L.C. van Rijn (www.leovanrijn-sediment.com) SIMPLE GENERAL FORMULAE FOR SAND TRANSPORT IN RIVERS, ESTUARIES AND COASTAL WATERS by L.C. van Rijn (www.leovanrijn-sediment.com) 1. General characteristics Sand can be transported by gravity-, wind-,

More information

Streams. Water. Hydrologic Cycle. Geol 104: Streams

Streams. Water. Hydrologic Cycle. Geol 104: Streams Streams Why study streams? Running water is the most important geologic agent in erosion, transportation and deposition of sediments. Water The unique physical and chemical properties of water make it

More information

EROSION RATE OF RESERVOIR DEPOSIT AS REVEALED BY LABORATORY EXPERIMENT

EROSION RATE OF RESERVOIR DEPOSIT AS REVEALED BY LABORATORY EXPERIMENT Civil Engineering Forum Volume XXI/1 - January 2012 EROSION RATE OF RESERVOIR DEPOSIT AS REVEALED BY LABORATORY EXPERIMENT A. S. Amar PT. Rekayasa Industri, EPC Company, 36 Kalibata Timur I, Jakarta, INDONESIA

More information

Supplementary Online Material: Evolution of subglacial overdeepenings in response to sediment redistribution and glaciohydraulic supercooling

Supplementary Online Material: Evolution of subglacial overdeepenings in response to sediment redistribution and glaciohydraulic supercooling JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 118, 1 24, DOI:1.129/jgrf.233, 213 Supplementary Online Material: Evolution of subglacial overdeepenings in response to sediment redistribution and glaciohydraulic

More information

Steep flume experiments with large immobile boulders and wide grain size distribution as encountered in alpine torrents

Steep flume experiments with large immobile boulders and wide grain size distribution as encountered in alpine torrents River Flow 2012 Murillo (Ed.) 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-62129-8 Steep flume experiments with large immobile boulders and wide grain size distribution as encountered in alpine

More information

Factors affecting confluence scour

Factors affecting confluence scour & Wang (eds) River Sedimentation 1999., Balkema, Rotterdam. ISBN 9 9 3. 17 19 Factors affecting confluence scour R. B. Rezaur & A. W. Jayawardena. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong

More information

Critical Thresholds for Sediment Mobility in an Urban Stream

Critical Thresholds for Sediment Mobility in an Urban Stream Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Geosciences Theses Department of Geosciences 8-1-2011 Critical Thresholds for Sediment Mobility in an Urban Stream Ross H. Martin Follow

More information

Sediment Transport IV Mixed-Size Sediment Transport 1. Partial Transport: frequency & implications

Sediment Transport IV Mixed-Size Sediment Transport 1. Partial Transport: frequency & implications Sediment Transport IV Mixed-Size Sediment Transport. Partial Transport: frequency & implications using field and laboratory evidence 2. Armor layer persistence investigated using a surface-based transport

More information

Modeling of long-term sedimentation in the Osijek port basin

Modeling of long-term sedimentation in the Osijek port basin Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering 2015 Litera Brno, ISBN 978-80-214-5230-5, ISSN 2410-5910 Modeling of long-term sedimentation in the Osijek port basin G. Gilja, N. Kuspilić (Faculty of civil

More information

A model for fluvial bedrock incision by impacting suspended and bed load sediment

A model for fluvial bedrock incision by impacting suspended and bed load sediment Click Here for Full Article JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 113,, doi:10.1029/2007jf000915, 2008 A model for fluvial bedrock incision by impacting suspended and bed load sediment Michael P. Lamb,

More information

Grain Kinematics in Weak Linear Transport

Grain Kinematics in Weak Linear Transport Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics Vol. 54 (2007), No. 3, pp. 223 242 IBW PAN, ISSN 1231 3726 Grain Kinematics in Weak Linear Transport Francesco Ballio, Alessio Radice Politecnico

More information

Page 1. Name:

Page 1. Name: Name: 1) Which event is the best example of erosion? dissolving of rock particles on a limestone gravestone by acid rain breaking apart of shale as a result of water freezing in a crack rolling of a pebble

More information

Suspension sorting at the Sand Motor NCK theme day

Suspension sorting at the Sand Motor NCK theme day Suspension sorting at the Sand Motor NCK theme day B.J.A. Huisman oct 2010 may 2011 oct 2013 feb 2014 1 Context PhD research Where do the sand grains go? Bed composition changes Case : Sand Motor Big disturbance!

More information

INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPHASE FLOW. Mekanika Fluida II -Haryo Tomo-

INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPHASE FLOW. Mekanika Fluida II -Haryo Tomo- 1 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPHASE FLOW Mekanika Fluida II -Haryo Tomo- 2 Definitions Multiphase flow is simultaneous flow of Matters with different phases( i.e. gas, liquid or solid). Matters with different

More information

Erosion Surface Water. moving, transporting, and depositing sediment.

Erosion Surface Water. moving, transporting, and depositing sediment. + Erosion Surface Water moving, transporting, and depositing sediment. + Surface Water 2 Water from rainfall can hit Earth s surface and do a number of things: Slowly soak into the ground: Infiltration

More information

Experimental Study of Longitudinal Sorting of Particles Differing in Size and Density

Experimental Study of Longitudinal Sorting of Particles Differing in Size and Density University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 12-14-2015 Experimental Study of Longitudinal Sorting of Particles Differing in Size and Density Nabila Mahjabeen University of South

More information

The impact of slope length on the discharge of sediment by rain impact induced saltation and suspension

The impact of slope length on the discharge of sediment by rain impact induced saltation and suspension EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS Earth Surf. Process. Landforms 34, 1393 1407 (2009) Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published online 16 June 2009 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).1828

More information

International Journal for Management Science And Technology (IJMST)

International Journal for Management Science And Technology (IJMST) ISSN: 2320-8848 (Online) ISSN: 2321-0362 (Print) International Journal for Management Science And Technology (IJMST) Volume 3; Issue 6 Manuscript- 1 SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT FORMULA FOR THE UPSTREAM

More information