Do Now - APES. Due Next Class. Mining HW. Work on QSC using today s notes

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Earl Lee
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1 Do Now - APES 1. Grab a chromebook 2. Log on to Albert.io & work on The Living World Loss of Biodiversity Soil & Soil Dynamics Fishing (10min) Mining HW Due Next Class Work on QSC using today s notes

2 Do Now - EnviSys 1. Have your How much water on your desk ready to be checked. 2. Prepare flash cards for the words (just write the word on the front): Mineral Resource Acid Mine Drainage Reserve Overburden Ore Common Minerals & Uses Surface Mining Subsurface Mining Open pit mining Strip Mining Mountaintop Removal The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Due Next Class Work on QSC using today s notes

3 Minerals & Mining Unit 4 Water & Land Use

4 By the end of today, IWBAT -Understand soil as a renewable/nonrenewable resource -Explain the many ways soil is used in our world Why it matters in LIFE: Part of being a functional human being is being able to understand what s happening in the world around you! Why it matters in THIS CLASS: Our Goal = 80% or 3, 4, 5! Mastering today s lesson (focused participation, asking questions, etc) is the first brick that will help us reach our goal for this unit, and eventually for the year

5 Elemental Composition of the Earth s Crust 5 5

Minerals Mineral resource- is a concentration of naturally occurring material from the earth s crust that can be extracted (pulled out) and processed Fossil fuels

6 Minerals Mineral resource- is a concentration of naturally occurring material from the earth s crust that can be extracted (pulled out) and processed Fossil fuels (coal) Metallic minerals (aluminum, iron and copper) Nonmetallic minerals (sand, gravel and limestone) Considered a NON-renewable resource because they take so long to form

7 Reserves Reserves- the known quantity of a resource that can be economically recovered. Ore- rock that contains a large enough concentration of a particular material (often metal) to make it profitable for mining and processing. Overburden- the soil and rock overlying a useful mineral deposit 7 7

We use mined materials extensively We often don t notice how many mined resources we use In 2013, the average American consumed more than 17,200 kg

8 We use mined materials extensively We often don t notice how many mined resources we use In 2013, the average American consumed more than 17,200 kg (38,000 lb) of new minerals and fuels every year A child born in 2012 will, at current use rates, use 1.3 million kg (2.9 million lb) during their lifetime

10 Types of Mining Surface mining- removing minerals that are close to Earth s surface. Subsurface mining- mining for resources that are 100 m below Earth s surface

gold, diamonds, coal Quarries = open pits for clay, gravel, sand, stone (limestone, granite, marble,

11 Open pit mining- the creation of a large pit or hole in the ground that is visible from the surface. Used with evenly distributed minerals Produces huge pits and massive mounds of waste rock Copper, iron, gold, diamonds, coal Quarries = open pits for clay, gravel, sand, stone (limestone, granite, marble, slate) Huge amounts of rock must be removed to get the small amounts of ore containing the trace amounts of minerals

Open pit mining creates immense holes in the ground The huge scale means large-scale habitat loss and aesthetic degradation Acid drainage comes from two sources Runoff from waste heaps Pits fill with

12 Open pit mining creates immense holes in the ground The huge scale means large-scale habitat loss and aesthetic degradation Acid drainage comes from two sources Runoff from waste heaps Pits fill with water Water in abandoned pits becomes extremely acidic and can be harmful to wildlife and pollute groundwater Regulations require waste heaps to be capped and planted with vegetation Mines will likely leach acid for hundreds of years

13 Shoreline of a pond receiving AMD showing massive accumulation of iron hydroxides on the pond bottom

14 Strip mining- removing strips of soil and rock to expose ore. Gigantic earthmovers strip away overburden and remove mineral deposits. Once removed, the trench is filled back with the overburden and a new trench is stripped next to the old one.

15 Mountain top removal- removing the entire top of a mountain with explosives. Explosives, large power shovels, a draglines are used to remove the top of a mountain and expose seams of coal which are then removed Appalachian Mountains; this form of mining is huge

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In subsurface mining, miners work underground Subsurface mines = mines that access deep pockets of a mineral through shafts and tunnels that follow deposits The deepest mines extend 4 km (2.

22 In subsurface mining, miners work underground Subsurface mines = mines that access deep pockets of a mineral through shafts and tunnels that follow deposits The deepest mines extend 4 km (2.5 mi) underground Zinc, lead, nickel, tin, gold, diamonds, phosphate, salt, coal The most dangerous form of mining Dynamite blasts, gas explosions, collapsed tunnels Toxic fumes and coal dust Mines can cause damage, even after they are closed Acid drainage pollutes groundwater, sinkholes from collapsed tunnel, underground fires

23 Legislation The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Regulates surface mining of coal Mandates land be minimally disturbed and reclaimed after the process 23

24 1. Which type of mining is usually most directly harmful to miners? a. Mountaintop removal b. Open-pit mining c. Placer mining d. Strip mining e. Subsurface mining 2. Which of the following is NOT a negative impact of surface mining? 3. True or false, minerals are a renewable resource. a. Acid mine drainage b. Black lung disease for humans c. Habitat destruction d. Increased dust and erosion e. Removal of massive amounts of soil

25 1. Which type of mining is usually most directly harmful to miners? a. Mountaintop removal b. Open-pit mining c. Placer mining d. Strip mining e. Subsurface mining 2. Which of the following is NOT a negative impact of surface mining? 3. True or false, minerals are a renewable resource. a. Acid mine drainage b. Black lung disease for humans c. Habitat destruction d. Increased dust and erosion e. Removal of massive amounts of soil

26 Cookie Mining Lab 1. Partner up with your pair below (shiny side of card) Eagle & Cat Sea Lion & Ostrich Turkey & Camel Fish & Ladybug Penguin & Lizard Ant & Caterpillar Octopus & Fly Opossum & Lobster Starfish & Turtle & Kangaroo

Rocks, Minerals, & Mining. (I ain t sayin she a golddigga)

Rocks, Minerals, & Mining. (I ain t sayin she a golddigga) Rocks, Minerals, & Mining (I ain t sayin she a golddigga) The Rock Cycle! Rocks are made up of multiple minerals. Minerals are made up of multiple elements. Rocks and minerals recycle or change due to