C2 Revision Questions. C2 Revision cards

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1 C2 Revision Questions

2 Question 1 What are the three main parts of the Earth?

3 Answer 1 of 50 Crust, Mantle Core

4 Question 2 What are the three different types of rock?

5 Answer 2 Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary

6 Question 3 Which types of rocks are the hardest and which are the softest? Explain why

7 Answer 3 Igneous are hardest as they have interlocking crystals. Sedimentary is softest

8 Question 4 List 3 negatives of quarries

9 Answer 4 Dust pollution, damaged landscape, noise from explosions and machinery, increased number of lorries

10 Question 5 What is concrete made from?

11 Answer 5 Cement, sand, gravel and water

12 Question 6 What are tectonic plates?

13 Answer 6 Large parts of the lithosphere that move across the mantle

14 Question 7 Give two reasons why people live near volcanoes

15 Answer 7 Fertile soil no eruptions for a long time Most volcanic eruptions not that dangerous

16 Question 8 Which igneous rocks have the largest crystals?

17 Answer 8 Intrusive igneous rock (they slowly cool inside the volcano)

18 Question 9 What can you do to a quarry once the stone has been removed?

19 Answer 9 Cover with soil and plant grass, fill with water for lake used for fishing and sailing, fill with rubbish for landfill.

20 Question 10 Describe what a convection current is

21 Answer 10 When a fluid gets heated it becomes less dense as the particles move apart. The fluid moves up when hot and sinks when cold, then being pulled inwards to replace rising fluid.

22 Question 11 How are igneous rocks made?

23 Answer 11 Molten rock cooled down

24 Question 12 Name three rocks that can be used for building materials

25 Answer 12 Limestone, Marble, Granite

26 Question 13 Which is concrete stronger from, compression or tension?

27 Answer 13 Compression

28 Question 14 Name a use of copper

29 Answer 14 Electrical wires Coins Cooking pans Water pipes

30 Question 15 How do we remove copper from its ore?

31 Answer 15 Heat it with carbon (a reduction reaction)

32 Question 16 What happens when you heat calcium carbonate? What type of reaction is this?

33 Answer 16 Breaks down into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Thermal decomposition

34 Question 17 How can concrete be reinforced?

35 Answer 17 Putting steel rods in the concrete

36 Question 18 How are sedimentary rocks made?

37 Answer 18 Sediments of rocks compressed under the weight of other rocks

38 Question 19 What is subduction?

39 Answer 19 When one tectonic plate is pushed below another

40 Question 20 What is the name for the outer layer of the Earth?

41 Answer 20 Crust/ lithosphere

42 Question 21 How are metamorphic rocks made?

43 Answer 21 Sedimentary or igneous rocks put under a lot of heat and pressure

44 Question 22 Name three positives to quarries

45 Answer 22 Creates jobs, Provides raw materials for building, improves economy

46 Question 23 What is the symbol equation for the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?

47 Answer 23 CaCO 3 CaO +CO 2

48 Question 24 Why do we recycle copper?

49 Answer 24 Cheaper than extracting it from the ore Saves resources no need for copper mines Saves energy electrolysis of impure copper takes a lot of energy

50 Question 25 How is cement made?

51 Answer 25 Limestone is heated with clay

52 Question 26 Name a disadvantage of using high temperature and pressure in the Haber process?

53 Answer 26 High costs of equipment pipes and fittings have to be made of stronger steel

54 Question 27 What are the optimum conditions for the Haber process?

55 Answer 27 Pressure atmosphere Temperature 450 o C Iron catalyst

56 Question 28 What does increasing the pressure achieve in the Haber process? What does increasing the temperature achieve in the Haber process?

57 Answer 28 Increasing pressure increases the yield Increasing temperature decreases the yield but increases the rate

58 Question 29 Name 3 advantages of aluminium compared to steel

59 Answer 29 Less dense, does not corrode, more malleable.

60 Question 30 Name 3 things you could do to prevent a material corroding?

61 Answer 30 Paint it, cover it in oil, seal it from oxygen and water

62 Question 31 When electrolysis is used to purify copper, which electrode is the impure copper connected to and which electrode is the purer copper connected to?

63 Answer 31 Anode = Impure Cathode = Pure

64 Question 32 What does corrode mean?

65 Answer 32 To lose strength due to chemical attack

66 Question 33 What two ingredients are needed for the Haber process? Where do we get these from?

67 Answer 33 Hydrogen (from crude oil or natural gas) and Nitrogen (from the air)

68 Question 34 What will affect the cost of ammonia?

69 Answer 34 labour, reaction vessels, energy, reactants, speed of reaction, Pollution control.

70 Question 35 What is the electrolyte when electrolysis is used to purify copper?

71 Answer 35 Copper sulfate

72 Question 36 What is a catalyst?

73 Answer 36 A material that increases the rate of a reaction but remains chemically unchanged itself.

74 Question 37 What is meant by a reversible reaction?

75 Answer 37 A reaction that can go in both directions

76 Question 38 What is the word and balanced symbol equation for the Haber process?

77 Answer 39

78 Question 40 Give an example of a smart material and its use

79 Answer 40 Nitinol (nickel and titanium). Bends then goes back to original shape when heated

80 Question 41 What is the advantage of universal indicator over litmus paper?

81 Answer 41..of 50 Tells you how acidic/alkaline something is according to scale

82 Question 42 What is an alloy? Give an example

83 Answer 42 A mixture of a metal with another metal or with carbon. Examples - Steel, amalgam, brass, solder, bronze

84 Question 43 Complete the equation: Hydrochloric acid + Sodium Hydroxide

85 Answer 43 Sodium chloride + water

86 Question 44 What two things are always made in a neutralisation reaction?

87 Answer 44 Water and a salt

88 Question 45 What is a nitrogenous fertiliser? Give two examples

89 Answer 45 Fertiliser containing nitrogen- Ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate

90 Question46 What do we use ammonia for?

91 Answer 46 Fertilisers, explosives, nitric acid (for fertilisers) cleaners.

92 Question 47 What is eutrophication?

93 Answer 47 Nitrate or phosphate from fertilisers run off in to lake Dissolved fertilisers make algae grow on the surface of the water Sunlight cannot reach plants, which stop producing oxygen Plants at bottom of lake die, aerobic bacteria use up the oxygen in the water Fish die due to lack of oxygen

94 Question 48 How is chlorine extracted from salt water (brine)?

95 Answer 48 Electrolysis of salt water

96 Question 49 What are the 3 essential elements plants need?

97 Answer 49 Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

98 Question 50 Name 2 ways we can extract salt from the Earth

99 Answer 50 Mining rock salt (underground cutting machines) Pump water in to a drilled borehole. The water dissolves the salt and is pumped to the surface. The water is then evaporated leaving solid table salt.

Noadswood Science. Revision Cards. Science A (Core) Chemistry Basics.

Noadswood Science. Revision Cards. Science A (Core) Chemistry Basics. Noadswood Science Revision Cards Science A (Core) Chemistry Basics www.noadswoodscience.com How to use the revision cards It is suggested you cut the pack of cards out, so that there is a question on one