Electrolysis. Specification points. Year 11 Electrolysis

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Electrolysis. Specification points. Year 11 Electrolysis"

Transcription

1 Electrolysis Specification points Year Electrolysis The process of electrolysis When an ionic compound is melted or dissolved in water, the ions are free to move about within the liquid or solution (the electrolytes). Passing an electric current through electrolytes causes the ions to move to the electrodes. Positively charged ions move to the negative electrode (the cathode), and negatively charged ions move to the positive electrode (the anode). Ions are discharged at the electrodes producing elements. be able to write half equations for the reactions occurring at the electrodes during electrolysis, and may be required to complete and balance supplied half equations. Electrolysis of molten ionic compounds When a simple ionic compound (eg lead bromide) is electrolysed in the molten state using inert electrodes, the metal (lead) is produced at the cathode and the non-metal (bromine) is produced at the anode. be able to predict the products of the electrolysis of binary ionic compounds in the molten state. Using electrolysis to extract metals Metals can be extracted from molten compounds using electrolysis. Electrolysis is used if the metal is too reactive to be extracted by reduction with carbon or if the metal reacts with carbon. Large amounts of energy are used in the extraction process to melt the compounds and to produce the electrical current. Aluminium is manufactured by the electrolysis of a molten mixture of aluminium oxide and cryolite. The mixture has a lower melting point than pure aluminium oxide. Aluminium forms at the negative electrode (cathode) and oxygen at the positive electrode (anode). The positive electrode (anode) is made of carbon, which reacts with the oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and so must be continually replaced. Electrolysis of aqueous solutions know that the ions discharged when an aqueous solution is electrolysed using inert electrodes depend on the relative reactivity of the elements involved. at the negative electrode (cathode), hydrogen is produced if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen. at the positive electrode (anode), oxygen is produced unless the solution contains halide ions when the halogen is produced. This happens because in the aqueous solution water molecules break down producing hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions that are discharged. How to predict the products of the electrolysis of aqueous solutions containing a single ionic compound. Representation of reactions at electrodes as half equations During electrolysis, at the cathode (negative electrode), positively charged ions gain electrons and so the reactions are reductions. At the anode (positive electrode), negatively charged ions lose electrons and so the reactions are oxidations. Reactions at electrodes can be represented by half equations, for example: 2H + + 2e - H 2 and 4OH - O 2 + 2H 2 O + 4e or 4OH - 4e - O 2 + 2H 2 O

2 Independent Study suggestions. Look at the specification points above use the textbook pages (02- and ) 2. Watch the Fuse School short 3-4 minute explanation videos for any areas you need more help with: 3. Electrolysis of molten compounds: 4. Electrolysis of brine: 5. Purifying copper: 6. Aluminium extraction: 7. Uses of aluminium: 8. Recycling metals: 9. Redox reactions involving electrons: 0. Redox involving oxygen: Writing ionic half equations: Now have a go at these past paper questions Q. Copper metal can be extracted from a solution of copper(ii) chloride. Copper chloride is an ionic compound. State where the copper would collect and explain your answer fully (Total 2 marks)

3 Q2.This question is about zinc. Figure shows the electrolysis of molten zinc chloride. (a) (b) Zinc chloride is an ionic substance. Complete the sentence. When zinc chloride is molten, it will conduct.... Zinc ions move towards the negative electrode where they gain electrons to produce zinc. () (i) Name the product formed at the positive electrode.... () Explain why zinc ions move towards the negative electrode. (iii) What type of reaction occurs when the zinc ions gain electrons? Tick ( ) one box. Neutralisation Oxidation Reduction ()

4 (c) Zinc is mixed with copper to make an alloy. (i) Figure 2 shows the particles in the alloy and in pure zinc. Use Figure 2 to explain why the alloy is harder than pure zinc. Alloys can be bent. Some alloys return to their original shape when heated. What name is used for these alloys? () (Total 8 marks) Q3.This question is about magnesium and magnesium chloride. (a) Magnesium chloride contains magnesium ions (Mg 2+ ) and chloride ions (Cl ). Describe, in terms of electrons, what happens when a magnesium atom reacts with chlorine atoms to produce magnesium chloride (4)

5 (b) Magnesium chloride can be electrolysed. The diagram below shows two experiments for electrolysing magnesium chloride. (i) Explain why magnesium chloride must be molten or dissolved in water to be electrolysed. Explain how magnesium is produced at the negative electrode in Experiment. (3) (iii) In Experiment 2 a gas is produced at the negative electrode. Name the gas produced at the negative electrode.... ()

6 (iv) Suggest why magnesium is not produced at the negative electrode in Experiment 2. () (v) Complete and balance the half equation for the reaction at the positive electrode.... Cl Cl () (c) Magnesium is a metal. Explain why metals can be bent and shaped (Total 4 marks) Q4. The diagram shows apparatus used by a student to investigate electrolysis. The student was given a solution by the teacher. The solution contained a mixture of ionic compounds. (a) Name the particles which carry the electric current through: (i) the metal wires... () the solution.... ()

7 (b) The table shows the ions in the solution. Positive ions in the solution Negative ions in the solution Zinc ion (Zn 2+ ) Chloride ion (Cl ) Iron(III) ion (Fe 3+ ) Hydroxide ion (OH ) Hydrogen ion (H + ) Nitrate ion (NO 3 ) Copper(II) ion (Cu 2+ ) Sulfate ion (SO 2 4 ) The reactivity series on the Data Sheet may help you to answer this question. (i) Which element is most likely to be formed at the negative electrode? () Explain, as fully as you can, why you have chosen this element. (c) The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution is an industrial process. (i) The reaction at one of the electrodes can be represented by the equation shown below. 2Cl Cl 2 + 2e The chloride ions (Cl ) are oxidised. Explain why. () The reaction at the other electrode can be represented by an equation. Complete and balance the equation for the reaction at the other electrode. H + H 2 () (Total 7 marks)

8 Q5.A student investigated the conductivity of different concentrations of sodium chloride solution. The student set the apparatus up as shown in Figure. Figure The student measured the conductivity of the pure water with a conductivity meter. The reading on the conductivity meter was zero. (a) The student: added sodium chloride solution one drop at a time stirred the solution recorded the reading on the conductivity meter. The student s results are shown in the table below. Number of drops of sodium chloride solution added Relative conductivity of solution

9 (i) The student plotted the results on the grid shown in Figure 2. Plot the four remaining results. Draw a line of best fit, ignoring the anomalous result. Figure 2 Number of drops of sodium chloride added (3) One of the points is anomalous. Suggest one error that the student may have made to cause the anomalous result. () (iii) The student wanted to compare the conductivity of sodium chloride solution with the conductivity of potassium chloride solution. State one variable he should keep constant when measuring the conductivity of the two solutions. ()

10 (b) (i) Explain, in terms of bonding, why pure water does not conduct electricity. Explain why sodium chloride solution conducts electricity. (iii) After he had added sodium chloride solution, the student noticed bubbles of gas at the negative electrode. Complete the sentence. The gas produced at the negative electrode is... () (Total 0 marks) Q6. An investigation into the electrolyte copper sulphate solution was carried out as shown. (a) What does electrolyte mean?

11 (b) These were the observations. Negative electrode Positive electrode solid formed gas given off (i) Name the solid formed.... () Name the gas given off.... () (c) How could a sample of gas be collected at the positive electrode? (d) Suggest why the blue colour of copper sulphate becomes paler during the investigation (Total 8 marks) Q7. The diagram represents an electrolysis cell for extracting aluminium. The current will only flow when the electrolyte is molten.

12 (a) The electrolyte is aluminium oxide mixed with another substance. (i) What is the name of the other substance in the electrolyte? Draw a ring around the correct answer. cryolite rock salt limestone () Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence. condense the aluminium oxide. This other substance is added to lower the melting point of the aluminium oxide. raise the boiling point of the aluminium oxide. () (b) (i) Oxide ions (O 2 ) move to the positive electrode. Explain why Oxygen is formed at the positive electrode. The oxygen then forms carbon dioxide. The equation for the reaction is shown below. Complete the sentence. C + O 2 CO 2 The name of the element which reacts with oxygen is... () (iii) The positive electrode gets smaller. Suggest why ()

13 (c) Aluminium is used in an alloy with magnesium to make drinks cans. The diagrams show the arrangement of atoms in pure aluminium and in the alloy. The alloy is harder than pure aluminium. Explain why. Use the diagrams to help you (Total 8 marks)

14 ANSWERS M. copper collects at the negative electrode copper positive ions each for mark [2] a) electricity allow an electric current (b) (i) chlorine/cl 2 do not accept chloride (zinc ions are) positive ignore to gain electrons and (opposite charges) attract (iii) reduction (c) (i) in alloy: accept converse different sized atoms/particles or no layers/rows accept layers distorted so cannot slide

15 shape memory (alloys) accept smart [8] a) magnesium loses two electrons and chlorine gains one electron accept magnesium loses electrons and chlorine gains electrons for mark ignore oxidation and reduction 2 one magnesium and two chlorines accept MgCl 2 noble gas structure or eight electrons in the outer shell accept full outer shell (of electrons) or (electrostatic) attraction between ions or forms ionic bonds do not accept covalent bonds reference to incorrect particles or incorrect bonding or incorrect structure = max 3 (b) (i) because ions can move ignore ions attracted do not accept molecules / atoms moving do not accept incorrect reference to electrons moving (and ions move) to the electrodes or (and ions) carry charge

16 accept converse for solid magnesium (ions) attracted (to the electrode) so magnesium ions gain electrons accept magnesium ions are reduced ignore oxidised 2 electrons accept a correct half equation for 2 nd and 3 rd marking points (iii) hydrogen allow H 2 (iv) magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen accept converse allow magnesium is high in the reactivity series or magnesium is very/too reactive. do not accept magnesium ions are more reactive than hydrogen ions (v) 2 Cl - Cl 2 + 2e - must be completely correct (c) layers (of particles/atoms/ions) (particles/atoms/ions/layers) can slide any mention of intermolecular / weak bonds/forces = max [4]

17 M4. (a) (i) electron(s) allow free / delocalised / negative electrons do not accept additional particles ion(s) allow named ions from table ignore positive or negative do not accept additional particles (b) (i) copper accept Cu do not accept it is / they are positive (ions) accept formula of positive ion and it is the least reactive (c) (i) loss of electron(s) ignore numbers 2H + + 2e H 2 accept correct multiples / fractions accept e / e allow 2H + H 2 2e [7] i) points correctly plotted ( ± ½ small square) four points = 2 marks three points = mark Max 2

18 straight line of best fit using full range of points from 0,0 any one from: must explain why the point is below the line the solution may not have been properly stirred the electrodes may have been a larger distance apart the drop of sodium chloride may have been a smaller volume / smaller allow not enough sodium chloride added allow smaller amount of sodium chloride do not allow too few drops added ignore the student may have misread the conductivity meter (iii) any one from: the volume of pure water allow amount the concentration (of the solutions added) the volume (of the drops) of solution added ignore number of drops the distance between the electrodes the same electrodes or electrodes made of the same material same depth or surface area of electrodes in the water constant power supply ignore current stirred (b) (i) because (pure) water is covalent / molecular (simple) or contains molecules therefore (pure) water has no free / mobile electrons or ions molecules do not have a charge or molecules do not contain ions gains 2 marks because there are ions in sodium chloride allow Na + and / or Cl (ions) or ionic bonding. Ignore particles other than ions for MP.

19 which can move or carry the current / charge MP2 must be linked to ions only. (iii) Hydrogen allow H 2 / H [0] M6. (a) substance brokendown / separates / splits into elements by electric current / electricity ions free to move e.g. when molten / in solution allow mark for a substance that conducts electricity max 2 (b) (i) copper / Cu oxygen /O 2 allow CO 2 (c) tube over electrode full of CuSO 4(aq) / water allow sulphuric acid / sensible electrolyte not any other liquid / using a syringe 2 (d) Cu 2+ ions removed / less Cu 2+ not copper sulphate removed allow mark for copper removed / less copper 2 [8] M7. (a) (i) cryolite lower the melting point of the aluminium oxide

20 (b) (i) opposite charges or oxide ions are negative attract carbon (iii) reacts with oxygen or forms carbon dioxide accept burns (c) Structure mark: either Al (atoms) in layers / rows accept Al (atoms) all the same size allow Al (atoms) in lines or alloy (atoms) not in layers / rows accept different sizes of atoms in alloy allow alloy (atoms) not in lines Sliding mark: either so (Al layers) can slide or so (alloy) layers cannot slide [8]

4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes

4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes 4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes Reactivity of metals When metals react with other substances the metal atoms form positive ions. The reactivity of a metal is related to its tendency to form positive

More information

Figure 1. Describe what happens when two atoms of potassium react with one atom of sulfur. Give your answer in terms of electron transfer

Figure 1. Describe what happens when two atoms of potassium react with one atom of sulfur. Give your answer in terms of electron transfer Q1.Figure 1 shows the outer electrons in an atom of the Group 1 element potassium and in an atom of the Group 6 element sulfur. Figure 1 (a) Potassium forms an ionic compound with sulfur. Describe what

More information

Complete and balance these equations to show the reactions during electrolysis. Na Na (2)

Complete and balance these equations to show the reactions during electrolysis. Na Na (2) Q1. The diagram shows electrolysis of sodium chloride solution. (a) Complete and balance these equations to show the reactions during electrolysis. At the positive electrode Cl e Cl At the negative electrode

More information

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science

IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science IGCSE Double Award Extended Coordinated Science Chemistry 5 - Electricity and Chemistry Electrolysis You need to know that electrolysis is: - The breakdown of ionic substances into their constituent elements

More information

Electrodes are normally made out of inert (unreactive) materials. Graphite and platinum are common electrode materials.

Electrodes are normally made out of inert (unreactive) materials. Graphite and platinum are common electrode materials. Electrolysis Electrolysis is using an electric current to break up an ionic compound to form elements. Covalent compounds can t be split up by electrolysis. Terms used in electrolysis: Electrolyte - the

More information

4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes

4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes 4.4. Revision Checklist: Chemical Changes Reactivity of metals When metals react with other substances the metal atoms form positive ions. The reactivity of a metal is related to its tendency to form positive

More information

The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produces useful substances. covalent ionic non-metallic

The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produces useful substances. covalent ionic non-metallic 1 The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produces useful substances. (a) (i) Choose a word from the box to complete the sentence. covalent ionic non-metallic Electrolysis takes place when electricity

More information

4.4.1 Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development.

4.4.1 Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development. 4.4 Chemical changes Understanding of chemical changes began when people began experimenting with chemical reactions in a systematic way and organising their results logically. Knowing about these different

More information

In 1807 Davy did an electrolysis experiment to produce potassium. Davy first tried to electrolyse a solid potassium salt to produce potassium

In 1807 Davy did an electrolysis experiment to produce potassium. Davy first tried to electrolyse a solid potassium salt to produce potassium Q1. This question is about potassium. (a) Humphrey Davy was a professor of chemistry. In 1807 Davy did an electrolysis experiment to produce potassium. Davy first tried to electrolyse a solid potassium

More information

Figure 1. Describe what happens when two atoms of potassium react with one atom of sulfur. Give your answer in terms of electron transfer

Figure 1. Describe what happens when two atoms of potassium react with one atom of sulfur. Give your answer in terms of electron transfer Q1.Figure 1 shows the outer electrons in an atom of the Group 1 element potassium and in an atom of the Group 6 element sulfur. Figure 1 (a) Potassium forms an ionic compound with sulfur. Describe what

More information

5.4 Chemical changes Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development

5.4 Chemical changes Reactivity of metals Metal oxides The reactivity series. Key opportunities for skills development 5.4 Chemical changes Understanding of chemical changes began when people began experimenting with chemical reactions in a systematic way and organising their results logically. Knowing about these different

More information

Q1. The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produces useful substances. (a) (i) Choose a word from the box to complete the sentence.

Q1. The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produces useful substances. (a) (i) Choose a word from the box to complete the sentence. Q1. The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution produces useful substances. (a) (i) Choose a word from the box to complete the sentence. covalent ionic non-metallic Electrolysis takes place when electricity

More information

(i) The atomic number of an atom is the number of... (ii) The mass number of an atom is the number of...

(i) The atomic number of an atom is the number of... (ii) The mass number of an atom is the number of... C2 Essential Questions Atomic Structure Q1.This question is about atomic structure and elements. (a) Complete the sentences. (i) The atomic number of an atom is the number of... (ii) The mass number of

More information

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry. Topic 5: Electricity and chemistry. Notes.

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry. Topic 5: Electricity and chemistry. Notes. Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Topic 5: Electricity and chemistry Notes Define electrolysis as The breakdown of an ionic compound, molten or in aqueous solution, by the passage of electricity Describe the electrode

More information

Orchard School. New Document 1 Name: Class: Date: 129 minutes. Time: 126 marks. Marks: Comments: Page 1

Orchard School. New Document 1 Name: Class: Date: 129 minutes. Time: 126 marks. Marks: Comments: Page 1 New Document Name: Class: Date: Time: Marks: 29 minutes 26 marks Comments: Page Q. The ph scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. (a) Solution Draw one line from each solution to

More information

Unit 4: Chemical Changes (Higher Content)

Unit 4: Chemical Changes (Higher Content) Metals react with oxygen to produce metal oxides. E.g. Copper + Oxygen > Copper Oxide The reactions are oxidation reactions because the metals gain oxygen. Reactivity of Metals Metal Extraction Metals

More information

Electrolytic processes Notes

Electrolytic processes Notes Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Topic 3: Chemical changes Electrolytic processes Notes 3.22 Recall that electrolytes are ionic compounds in the molten state or dissolved in water When an ionic substance is melted

More information

C4 Quick Revision Questions

C4 Quick Revision Questions C4 Quick Revision Questions H = Higher tier only SS = Separate science only Question 1... of 50 Write the equation which shows the formation of iron oxide Answer 1... of 50 4Fe + 3O 2 2Fe 2 O 3 Question

More information

Lesson on Electrolysis

Lesson on Electrolysis Lesson on Electrolysis This lesson package includes a lesson plan, a worksheet for students, and teachers notes on the worksheet. Activity Lesson 1 (50 min-2 Period lesson) Teacher explains (page 1 to

More information

In the exam, you will be asked to tackle questions such as the one below. 6 volt d.c. power supply

In the exam, you will be asked to tackle questions such as the one below. 6 volt d.c. power supply Get started AO1, AO2 3 Electrolysis Electrolysis is the decomposition (breakdown) of a compound using electricity. This unit will help you to explain what happens in electrolysis and to predict and explain

More information

Electrolysis. Question Paper. Cambridge International Examinations. Score: /48. Percentage: /100

Electrolysis. Question Paper. Cambridge International Examinations. Score: /48. Percentage: /100 Electrolysis Question Paper Level Subject Exam oard Topic ooklet O Level hemistry ambridge International Examinations Electrolysis Question Paper Time llowed: 58 minutes Score: /48 Percentage: /100 1 queous

More information

Page 2. Q1.The electronic structure of the atoms of five elements are shown in the figure below. The letters are not the symbols of the elements.

Page 2. Q1.The electronic structure of the atoms of five elements are shown in the figure below. The letters are not the symbols of the elements. Q1.The electronic structure of the atoms of five elements are shown in the figure below. The letters are not the symbols of the elements. Choose the element to answer the question. Each element can be

More information

AQA Chemistry GCSE. Flashcards. Topic 4: Chemical Change.

AQA Chemistry GCSE. Flashcards. Topic 4: Chemical Change. AQA Chemistry GCSE Topic 4: Chemical Change Flashcards What is oxidation/reduction? What is oxidation/reduction? Oxidation - When a substance gains oxygen Reducation - When a substance loses oxygen What

More information

Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding

Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding Chapter 6: Chemical Bonding Learning Objectives Describe the formation of ions by electron loss/gain to obtain the electronic configuration of a noble gas. Describe the formation of ionic bonds between

More information

Answer all the questions. 1. During the electrolysis of molten potassium chloride, what is made at the cathode?

Answer all the questions. 1. During the electrolysis of molten potassium chloride, what is made at the cathode? Answer all the questions. 1. During the electrolysis of molten potassium chloride, what is made at the cathode? A chlorine B hydrogen C potassium D potassium hydroxide Your answer [1] OCR 2018. You may

More information

Review Chemistry Paper 1

Review Chemistry Paper 1 Atomic Structure Topic Define an atom and element. Use scientific conventions to identify chemical symbols Identify elements by chemical symbols Define compound Use chemical formulae to show different

More information

for sodium ion (Na + )

for sodium ion (Na + ) 3.4 Unit 2 Chemistry 2 Throughout this unit candidates will be expected to write word equations for reactions specified. Higher tier candidates will also be expected to write and balance symbol equations

More information

Electrochemistry. Part One: Introduction to Electrolysis and the Electrolysis of Molten Salts

Electrochemistry. Part One: Introduction to Electrolysis and the Electrolysis of Molten Salts Part One: Introduction to Electrolysis and the Electrolysis of Molten Salts What do I need to know about electrochemistry? Electrochemistry Learning Outcomes: Candidates should be able to: a) Describe

More information

C1 REVISION 5.1 Atomic Structure

C1 REVISION 5.1 Atomic Structure C1 REVISION 5.1 Atomic Structure Draw the symbol for sodium include its mass number and atomic number (what do they tell us) Complete the table Relative Charge Relative Mass Balance the following equation:

More information

Structure and bonding

Structure and bonding Structure and bonding Higher revision questions Name: Class: Date: Time: 69 minutes Marks: 69 marks Comments: Page of 27 Figure shows the outer electrons in an atom of the Group element potassium and in

More information

Edexcel Chemistry Checklist

Edexcel Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Key concepts in chemistry Video: Developing the atomic model Describe how and why the atomic model has changed over time. Describe the difference between the plum-pudding model of the atom and

More information

YEAR 10 CHEMISTRY TIME: 1h 30min

YEAR 10 CHEMISTRY TIME: 1h 30min YEAR 10 CHEMISTRY TIME: 1h 30min NAME: CLASS: Useful data: Q = It. Faraday Constant = 96,500 C mol -1. Use the Periodic table, given below, where necessary. Marks Grid [For Examiners use only] Question

More information

Draw one line from each solution to the ph value of the solution. Solution ph value of the solution

Draw one line from each solution to the ph value of the solution. Solution ph value of the solution 1 The ph scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. (a) Draw one line from each solution to the ph value of the solution. Solution ph value of the solution 5 Acid 7 9 Neutral 11 13

More information

MARIYA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL. Work sheet I. Term I. Level 9 Chemistry [PAPER 1-MCQ] Name: ELECTRICITY AND CHEMISTRY

MARIYA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL. Work sheet I. Term I. Level 9 Chemistry [PAPER 1-MCQ] Name: ELECTRICITY AND CHEMISTRY MARIYA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL Work sheet I Term I Level 9 Chemistry [PAPER 1-MCQ] Name: ELECTRICITY AND CHEMISTRY 1. The diagram shows how aluminium is manufactured by electrolysis. What are the anode and

More information

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Trilogy Chemistry Paper 1

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Trilogy Chemistry Paper 1 AQA TRILOGY Chemistry (8464) from 2016 Topics T5.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table State that everything is made of atoms and recall what they are Describe what elements and compounds are State

More information

Trilogy Quantitative chemistry

Trilogy Quantitative chemistry Trilogy Quantitative chemistry Foundation revision questions Name: Class: Date: Time: 6 minutes Marks: 6 marks Comments: Page of 23 (a) Formulae and equations are used to describe chemical reactions. Aluminium

More information

Covalent (sharing of electron pairs) Ionic ( electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions)

Covalent (sharing of electron pairs) Ionic ( electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions) Covalent (sharing of electron pairs) Ionic ( electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions) Metallic (electrostatic attraction between + metal ions and delocalised electrons) Group 1 ions 1+

More information

One mole of electrons carries a charge of 96500C or 1 Faraday Q=It One mole of any gas occupies 22.4dm 3 at standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p.

One mole of electrons carries a charge of 96500C or 1 Faraday Q=It One mole of any gas occupies 22.4dm 3 at standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p. 1 One mole of electrons carries a charge of 96500C or 1 Faraday Q=It One mole of any gas occupies 22.4dm 3 at standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p.) Standard temperature is 0 0 C or 273K and standard

More information

GCSE Additional Science

GCSE Additional Science GCSE Additional Science Module C5 Chemicals of the Natural Environment: What you should know Name: Science Group: Teacher: each of the statements to help focus your revision: R = Red: I don t know this

More information

Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015

Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 Grade 11B Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 Chemistry - I Duration: 1.00 Hour Part 1 1) A liquid boils at a temperature of 100 o C. Which other property of the liquid

More information

Name... Class... Date...

Name... Class... Date... The electrolysis of aqueous solutions of ionic compounds Specification references C4.3.1 The process of electrolysis C4.3.4 Electrolysis of aqueous solutions C4.3.5 Representation of reactions at s as

More information

IGCSE TEST_ (Ch. 2,3,4,5,6) Name... Date...

IGCSE TEST_ (Ch. 2,3,4,5,6) Name... Date... IGCSE TEST_ (Ch. 2,3,4,5,6) Name... Date... 1 Winston Churchill, a British Prime Minister, had his false teeth electroplated with gold. The teeth were coated with a thin layer of carbon and were then placed

More information

National 5 Chemistry

National 5 Chemistry St Ninian s High School Chemistry Department National 5 Chemistry Unit 1: Chemical Changes & Structure Section 3: Bonding & Properties of Substances Summary Notes Name Learning Outcomes After completing

More information

Electrolysis 1 of 21 Boardworks Ltd 2016

Electrolysis 1 of 21 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Electrolysis 1 of 21 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Electrolysis 2 of 21 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What are ionic compounds? 3 of 21 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Ionic compounds are made up of positive ions and negative ions. What

More information

Chemical Bonds; Ionic; Covalent; Mettalic

Chemical Bonds; Ionic; Covalent; Mettalic Chemical Bonds; Ionic; Covalent; Mettalic Mark Scheme Level GCSE (9-) Subject Chemistry Exam Board AQA Topic 4.2 Bonding Structure + Props Matter Sub-Topic Chemical Bonds; Ionic; Covalent; Mettalic Difficulty

More information

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education (9 1)

Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education (9 1) Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education (9 1) *0123456789* CHEMISTRY 0971/03 Paper 3 Theory (Core) For Examination from 2018 SPECIMEN PAPER

More information

Definition 1 An element or compound is oxidized when it gains oxygen atoms

Definition 1 An element or compound is oxidized when it gains oxygen atoms Oxidation and Reduction Part I Learning Outcomes 1. Introduction to oxidation and reduction: simple examples only, e.g. Na with Cl 2, Mg with O 2, Zn with Cu 2+. 2. Oxidation and reduction in terms of

More information

The table below shows the boiling points and properties of some of the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table. Colour in aqueous solution

The table below shows the boiling points and properties of some of the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table. Colour in aqueous solution Q. This question is about halogens and their compounds. The table below shows the boiling points and properties of some of the elements in Group 7 of the periodic table. Element Boiling point in C Colour

More information

AQA GCSE CHEMISTRY (9-1) Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

AQA GCSE CHEMISTRY (9-1) Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table AQA GCSE CHEMISTRY (9-1) Topic 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table 4.1.1 Atoms, elements and compounds 4.1.1.1 Atoms, elements and compounds All substances are made of atoms. An atom is the smallest

More information

Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 1 The diagrams show the sub-atomic particles in four different atoms.

Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 1 The diagrams show the sub-atomic particles in four different atoms. 2 Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 1 The diagrams show the sub-atomic particles in four different atoms. Atom A Atom B Atom C Atom D Use the Chemistry Data Sheet to help you to answer these

More information

Atomic Structure. Same atomic number Different mass number

Atomic Structure. Same atomic number Different mass number Mass number Number of protons and neutrons Atomic number Number of protons Atomic Structure Cl 35 17 Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons - these atoms are called isotopes of

More information

GraspIT AQA GCSE Chemical and Energy Changes

GraspIT AQA GCSE Chemical and Energy Changes A. Reactivity of metals The reactivity series, metal oxides and extractions 1. Three metals, X, Y and Z were put into water. The reactions are shown below: a) Use the diagrams to put metals X, Y and Z

More information

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between atoms of two non-metal elements.

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between atoms of two non-metal elements. Bonding, Structure and properties Atoms can be held together by chemical bonds. When atoms form bonds, they can achieve a stable electron arrangement (full outer electron shell). To achieve a stable electron

More information

Year 10 Track 3 CHEMISTRY Time: 1:30min

Year 10 Track 3 CHEMISTRY Time: 1:30min Year 10 Track 3 CHEMISTRY Time: 1:30min Name: Class: Useful Data: A copy of the Periodic Table is printed below. Relative atomic mass may be taken as: Cu = 63.5 1 Faraday = 96, 500C Q = It Instructions

More information

AQA Chemistry Checklist

AQA Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Atomic structure Video: Atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures Use the names and symbols of the first 20 elements in the periodic table, the elements in Groups 1 and 7, and other elements in this

More information

Q1. As the world population increases there is a greater demand for fertilisers.

Q1. As the world population increases there is a greater demand for fertilisers. Q1. As the world population increases there is a greater demand for fertilisers. (a) Explain what fertilisers are used for............. (b) The amount of nitrogen in a fertiliser is important. How many

More information

Based on the work you have completed in S1 to S3, complete Prior Learning 3.1.

Based on the work you have completed in S1 to S3, complete Prior Learning 3.1. 3.2: Metals In this chapter you will learn about the structure of pure metals, alloys and how they react with other substances. You will develop skills in the correct use of the SQA data booklet to create

More information

OCR Chemistry Checklist

OCR Chemistry Checklist Topic 1. Particles Video: The Particle Model Describe the main features of the particle model in terms of states of matter. Explain in terms of the particle model the distinction between physical changes

More information

Angel International SchoolManipay

Angel International SchoolManipay Grade OL Angel International SchoolManipay 2 nd Term Examination March, 2016 Chemistry Duration: 3 Hours 1. Which property is common to calcium, potassium and sodium? a) Their atoms all lose two electrons

More information

GOZO COLLEGE BOYS SECONDARY SCHOOL

GOZO COLLEGE BOYS SECONDARY SCHOOL GOZO COLLEGE BOYS SECONDARY SCHOOL Embracing Diversity Half Yearly Exams 2013-2014 FORM 4 CHEMISTRY TIME: 1h 30min Name: Class: Useful Data: One Faraday is equivalent to 96500 C. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 H 1

More information

Page 2. Q1.This question is about different substances and their structures.

Page 2. Q1.This question is about different substances and their structures. Q1.This question is about different substances and their structures. (a) Draw one line from each statement to the diagram which shows the structure. Statement Structure (4) (b) Figure 1 shows the structure

More information

Atomic Structure. Same atomic number Different mass number

Atomic Structure. Same atomic number Different mass number Mass number Number of protons and neutrons Atomic number Number of protons Atomic Structure Cl 35 17 Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons - these atoms are called isotopes of

More information

Name: C4 Chemical Changes. Class: 35 Questions. Date: Time: Marks: Comments: Brookvale Groby Learning Trust

Name: C4 Chemical Changes. Class: 35 Questions. Date: Time: Marks: Comments: Brookvale Groby Learning Trust C4 Chemical Changes 35 Questions Name: Class: Date: Time: Marks: Comments: Page of 27 The ph scale is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. (a) Draw one line from each solution to the ph

More information

All you need to know about Additional Science

All you need to know about Additional Science All you need to know about Additional Science Chapters in this unit 1. Structures and bonding 2. Structures and properties 3. How much? 4. Rates of reaction 5. Energy and reactions 6. Electrolysis 7. Acids,

More information

Name: C4 CHEMICAL CHANGES. Class: Question Practice. Date: 235 minutes. Time: 226 marks. Marks: HIGHER TIER. Comments: Page 1 of 72

Name: C4 CHEMICAL CHANGES. Class: Question Practice. Date: 235 minutes. Time: 226 marks. Marks: HIGHER TIER. Comments: Page 1 of 72 C4 CHEMICAL CHANGES Question Practice Name: Class: Date: Time: 235 minutes Marks: 226 marks Comments: HIGHER TIER Page of 72 The figure below shows an apparatus to produce elements from a solution of an

More information

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 1

Personalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 1 AQA Chemistry (8462) from 2016 Topics C4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table State that everything is made of atoms and recall what they are Describe what elements and compounds are State that elements

More information

[2]... [1]

[2]... [1] 1 Carbon and silicon are elements in Group IV. Both elements have macromolecular structures. (a) Diamond and graphite are two forms of the element carbon. (i) Explain why diamond is a very hard substance....

More information

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic mass (atomic weight).

Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic mass (atomic weight). 1 In 1869 there were 60 known elements. Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of their atomic mass (atomic weight). He realised that elements with similar properties occurred at regular intervals. (a)

More information

Extracting metals QuestionIT

Extracting metals QuestionIT Extracting metals QuestionIT 1. What is an ore? Metal compound in a rock. 2. What is produced when metals react with oxygen? Metal oxide. 3. What is this process called and why? Oxidation, gain of oxygen.

More information

Structure and Bonding

Structure and Bonding Structure and Bonding Foundation revision questions Name: Class: Date: Time: 66 minutes Marks: 65 marks Comments: Page of 25 The diagram represents a carbon atom. (a) Use words from the box to answer the

More information

YEAR 10- Chemistry Term 1 plan

YEAR 10- Chemistry Term 1 plan YEAR 10- Chemistry Term 1 plan 2016-2017 Week Topic Learning outcomes 1 1. The particulate nature of matter State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases. Describe the structure of solids,

More information

1 Chemical bonds, Ionic, Covalent, Metallic How bond + structure relate to props Structure + bonding carbon

1 Chemical bonds, Ionic, Covalent, Metallic How bond + structure relate to props Structure + bonding carbon 1 Chemical bonds, Ionic, Covalent, Metallic 2 2 24 3 38 4 How bond + structure relate to props 50 5 63 6 82 7 Structure + bonding carbon 97 8 122 9 131 10 Bulk + surface properties inc nano particles 145

More information

Additional Science. Chemistry CH2FP. (Jun15CH2FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June 2015.

Additional Science. Chemistry CH2FP. (Jun15CH2FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June 2015. Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials Question Mark Additional Science Unit Chemistry C2 Chemistry Unit Chemistry C2 Thursday 14

More information

Redox. Question Paper. Cambridge International Examinations Chemical Reactions. Score: /43. Percentage: /100

Redox. Question Paper. Cambridge International Examinations Chemical Reactions. Score: /43. Percentage: /100 Redox Question Paper Level Subject Exam oard Topic Sub-Topic ooklet O Level hemistry ambridge International Examinations hemical Reactions Redox Question Paper Time llowed: 52 minutes Score: /43 Percentage:

More information

Q1.This apparatus is used for the reaction of copper oxide (CuO) with methane (CH 4). The symbol equation for this reaction is shown below.

Q1.This apparatus is used for the reaction of copper oxide (CuO) with methane (CH 4). The symbol equation for this reaction is shown below. Q1.This apparatus is used for the reaction of copper oxide (CuO) with methane (CH 4). (a) The symbol equation for this reaction is shown below. 4 CuO(s) + CH 4(g) 4 Cu(s) + 2 H 2O(g) + CO 2(g) The water

More information

C2 Chemistry. Key Recall Questions

C2 Chemistry. Key Recall Questions C Chemistry Additional Science Key Recall Questions *Cover up the answers, ask yourself a question (or get your partner to ask you), if you get it right then tick the chart, wrong put a cross. Keep practising

More information

M7 Question 1 Higher

M7 Question 1 Higher M7 Question 1 Higher Explain why carbon dioxide is a compound by oxygen is an element Carbon dioxide contains two elements carbon and oxygen. Oxygen contains only one type of atom. M7 Question 2 Higher

More information

Separate Science: Chemistry Paper 1. Knowledge Organisers. Chemistry Paper 1 17 th May AM 1h 45min. Atomic Structure The Periodic Table

Separate Science: Chemistry Paper 1. Knowledge Organisers. Chemistry Paper 1 17 th May AM 1h 45min. Atomic Structure The Periodic Table Separate Science: Chemistry Paper 1 Chemistry Paper 1 17 th May AM 1h 45min Topics in the Paper: C1 C2 Atomic Structure The Periodic Table Knowledge Organisers C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 Structure and Bonding Chemical

More information

Paper Reference. Sample Assessment Material Time: 2 hours

Paper Reference. Sample Assessment Material Time: 2 hours Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 4CH0/1C Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry Chemistry Paper 1 Sample Assessment Material Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question

More information

5.0 Electricity and Chemistry

5.0 Electricity and Chemistry 5.0 Electricity and hemistry Question Paper Level IGSE Subject hemistry (0620) Exam oard ambridge International Examinations (IE) Topic Electricity and hemistry Sub-Topic 5.0 Electricity and hemistry ooklet

More information

London Examinations IGCSE

London Examinations IGCSE Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference 4 3 3 5 2 H Paper Reference(s) 4335/2H London Examinations IGCSE Chemistry Paper 2H Higher Tier Wednesday 21 May 2008 Afternoon Time: 2 hours Surname Signature

More information

C2.1 Structure and bonding

C2.1 Structure and bonding C2.1 Structure and bonding C2 1.1 Chemical bonding Key words: A compound contains two or more elements which are chemically combined Covalent bonding sharing electrons Ionic bonding transferring electrons

More information

3. Solids cannot conduct electricity because the ions cannot move freely 4. Electrolytic cell

3. Solids cannot conduct electricity because the ions cannot move freely 4. Electrolytic cell Chapter 6 Electrochemistry (Credits to Thennarasu Pannirselvam) Page 1 of 10 1. Electrolysis : Process where molten or aqueous state compounds are broken down into their constitute elements by passing

More information

Chemical measurements QuestionIT

Chemical measurements QuestionIT Chemical measurements QuestionIT 1. What is the law of conservation of mass? Mass of reactants = mass products. 2. Why might some reactions appear to show a change in mass? A reactant or a product is a

More information

Chemical Bonds In elements and compounds, the atoms are held together by chemical bonds.

Chemical Bonds In elements and compounds, the atoms are held together by chemical bonds. Chemical Bonds In elements and compounds, the atoms are held together by chemical bonds. Forming a bond makes an atom more stable, so atoms form as many bonds are they are able to. Bonds are made using

More information

ICSE Board. Class X Chemistry. Board Paper Time: 1½ hrs Total Marks: 80

ICSE Board. Class X Chemistry. Board Paper Time: 1½ hrs Total Marks: 80 ICSE Board Class X Chemistry Board Paper 2013 Time: 1½ hrs Total Marks: 80 General Instructions: 1. Answers to this paper must be written on the paper provided separately. 2. You will NOT be allowed to

More information

C2 Revision Pack (Please keep this pack with you)

C2 Revision Pack (Please keep this pack with you) Name: C2 Revision Pack (Please keep this pack with you) Follow all the steps below... 1) Practice all the maths and working scientifically questions PRACTICE ALL THESE QUESTIONS! Maths and Science Skills

More information

CHEMISTRY 2b SUMMARY

CHEMISTRY 2b SUMMARY CHEMISTRY 2b SUMMARY Items in ITALLICS are HIGHER TIER NLY C2.4.1 RATES F REACTIN Speeding up, or slowing down, chemical reactions is important in everyday life and in industry The rate of a chemical reaction

More information

Chemistry *P41555A0120* P41555A. Unit: KCH0/4CH0 Paper: 2C. Edexcel Certificate Edexcel International GCSE. Monday 10 June 2013 Afternoon Time: 1 hour

Chemistry *P41555A0120* P41555A. Unit: KCH0/4CH0 Paper: 2C. Edexcel Certificate Edexcel International GCSE. Monday 10 June 2013 Afternoon Time: 1 hour Write your name here Surname Other names Edexcel Certificate Edexcel International GCSE Chemistry Unit: KCH0/4CH0 Paper: 2C Centre Number Candidate Number Monday 10 June 2013 Afternoon Time: 1 hour You

More information

Particles and Periodic Table

Particles and Periodic Table Specification points Year 9 Particles The three states of matter The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. In chemical equations, the three states of matter are shown as (s), (l) and (g), with

More information

Electrolysis. Introduction. Electrolysis APPENDIX. The key ideas required to understand this section are:

Electrolysis. Introduction. Electrolysis APPENDIX. The key ideas required to understand this section are: Electrolysis APPENDIX 7 1 Introduction The key ideas required to understand this section are: Concept Book page Redox reactions 100 Writings and balancing redox equations 104 Standard electrode potentials

More information

Formulae and Equations

Formulae and Equations Formulae and Equations 1 of 41 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Formulae and Equations 2 of 41 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Forming different compounds 3 of 41 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Elements are made up of just one type of atom.

More information

4-2 / 5-2 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter Chemistry

4-2 / 5-2 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter Chemistry 4-2 / 5-2 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter Chemistry.0 This question is about mixtures of metals. Gold is mixed with other metals to make jewellery. Graph below shows the composition of

More information

Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen Metal + acid -> metal salt + hydrogen

Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen Metal + acid -> metal salt + hydrogen Name of Formula Formula of ion Name of salt Hydrochloric Sulphuric HCl Cl - Chloride H 2 SO 4 SO 4-2 Sulphate Key words: Oxidation: loss of electrons Reduction: gain of electrons Displacement reaction:

More information

CH3FP. (Jun15CH3FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June Unit Chemistry C3 PMT. Time allowed 1 hour TOTAL

CH3FP. (Jun15CH3FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June Unit Chemistry C3 PMT. Time allowed 1 hour TOTAL Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials Question Mark A Chemistry Unit Chemistry C3 Thursday 14 May 2015 For this paper you must have:

More information

Scheme of work Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620)

Scheme of work Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) www.xtremepapers.com Scheme of work Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) Unit 11: Redox, electrochemistry and Group VII Recommended prior knowledge Students should have good understanding of the Periodic Table,

More information

London Examinations IGCSE

London Examinations IGCSE Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 4437/2F London Examinations IGCSE Science (Double Award) Chemistry Paper 2F Foundation Tier Monday 10 November 2008 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 15 minutes Materials

More information

London Examinations IGCSE

London Examinations IGCSE Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 4437/5H London Examinations IGCSE Science (Double Award) Chemistry Paper 5H Higher Tier Tuesday 16 November 2010 Afternoon Time: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials

More information