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8 Limestone Year 10/11 core chemistry revision Exam week Nov 2015 How is limestone (sedimentary rock) formed? How is metamorphic rock formed? Equation for thermal decomposition Calculating the amount of gas given off Explain the use of calcium compounds in agriculture Alkenes Define the term unsaturated hydrocarbon Define the terms cracking, fractional distillation, combustion and polymerisation Describe the test for alkenes Explain how polymers are made State the properties of polypropene and explain the problems associated with the disposal of polymers The atmosphere How has photosynthesis changed the composition of the Earth s atmosphere How has cooling changed the composition of the Earth s atmosphere Describe the test (using copper)_for calculating the composition of the atmosphere Electrolysis and acids Describe the process of electrolysis Describe the tests for hydrogen, oxygen and chlorine Define the term neutralisation Recall what products are made in neutralisation reactions Explain the use of neutralisation in everyday situations (indigestion remedies) Fuels and crude oil State the features of a good fuel Describe the advantages of using biofuels Define the term biofuel Explain the process of fractional distillation Explain how the properties of the fractions change up the column

9 Metals Recall the reactivity series Describe what is meant by reduction and oxidation in terms of extraction metals Explain which metals are extracted by electrolysis and through reduction (heating with carbon) Write the equations (word and balanced symbol equations) for the extraction process of metals Alloys Describe the structure of alloying Describe how alloying improves the usefulness of metals Name some common alloys

10 Remember! PANIC ELECTROLYSIS Splitting up a substance using electricity Remember! OILRIG SOLID IONIC COMPOUNDS WILL NOT CONDUCT BECAUSE THE IONS ARE NOT FREE TO MOVE + - IONIC COMPOUNDS WILL CONDUCT WHEN MOLTEN OR AQUEOUS BECAUSE THE IONS ARE FREE TO MOVE Name of electrode Name of electrode What process happens at this electrode? What process happens at this electrode? Are electrons gained or lost here? Which ion moves to this electrode? Are electrons gained or lost here? Which ion moves to this electrode? What is formed at this electrode? What is formed at this electrode? What ELECTROLYTE are you splitting?

11 GCSE science revision Focusing on the Higher Tier content..getting an A

12 Fuels and crude oil

13 Alloying

14 Alloys A mixture of two elements where one of which is a metal! Alloys contain atoms of different sizes, which distorts the regular arrangements of atoms. This makes it more difficult for the layers to slide over each other, so alloys are harder than the pure metal.

15 You ve just discovered Nitinol!!

16 Metals

17 Alkenes and alkanes

18 What do we do with all the left over alkenes? Polymers: formation and problems POLYMERISATION Monomer Heat and pressure are needed

19 Focusing on 6 mark questions 1.Read your question 2.How many parts is it split into? 3.What is it asking you to do? 4.Will drawing pictures assist you in answering the question 5.Write down keywords associated to the question 6.Write down any definitions you might need.

20 Neutralisation recap 1. Define neutralisation 2. Write the ionic equation for a neutralisation equation. 3. Making salts Acid + metal salt + water Acid + metal hydroxide salt + Acid + metal salt + water + 4. Naming salts Hydrochloric acid forms a salt Sulphuric acid forms a salt Nitric acid forms a salt. Phosphoric acid forms a salt. 5. Salt word equations copper oxide + phosphoric acid sodium hydroxide + nitric acid magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid magnesium carbonate + hydrochloric acid 6. Salt word equations KOH + HCl KCl + Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 SO CaCO 3 + _HCl + + CaO + H 2 SO 4 CaSO 4 +

21 Neutralisation recap 1. Define neutralisation 2. Write the ionic equation for a neutralisation equation. 3. Making salts Acid + metal salt + water Acid + metal hydroxide salt + Acid + metal salt + water + 4. Naming salts Hydrochloric acid forms a salt Sulphuric acid forms a salt Nitric acid forms a salt. Phosphoric acid forms a salt. 5. Salt word equations copper oxide + phosphoric acid sodium hydroxide + nitric acid magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid magnesium carbonate + hydrochloric acid 6. Salt word equations KOH + HCl KCl + Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 SO CaCO 3 + _HCl + + CaO + H 2 SO 4 CaSO 4 +

22 Revision questions core chemistry 1. Explain what is meant by an a saturated hydrocarbon 2. Explain how to test for the presence of a double bond (an unsaturated alkene) 3. State the 3 processes linked to alkanes and alkenes 4. Describe what each of the three processes are used for: P C F D 5. Draw and name the first 4 alkenes and alkanes 1. What makes a good fuel 2. What is biofuel? 3. State the names of fractions and their uses 4. Explain how fractions change as they ascend up the column 5. Describe why bitumen is suited for road surfacing and not as a fuel 6. State the advantages of using biofuels instead of normal fuels, are there any disadvantages? 1. Draw the arrangement of particles in a metal 2. Draw the arrangement of particles in an alloy 3. Compare the structures of an alloy and metal 4. Explain how the carat of gold is defined 5. Describe the structure and uses of shape memory alloys. 1. Write the general equation for creating a salt 2. State the 3 alkalis you can use when neutralising 3. Name the third product formed when acids react with metal carbonates 4. COMPLETE the worksheet Gas Test 1. Define the acronym OILRIG 2. Define the acronym PANIC 3. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of chlorine Result Squeaky pop Litmus paper will turn reed and then be bleached whit Bubble through limewater 4. C omplet e the table to give the tests of each of the

23 Revision questions core chemistry 3 gases 1. What causes metals to corrode? 2. Explain the relationship between the reactivity and corrosion 3. Describe the three ways metals can be extracted and explain what it is dependent on 4. Explain how oxidation and reduction can happen in the same reaction. Use the word equation for the extraction of iron to help. 5. Extension write the balanced symbol equation