Tonga-Kermadec subduction initiation IODP proposal
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1 Tonga-Kermadec subduction initiation IODP proposal Rupert Sutherland GNS Science, PO Box , Lower Hutt, New Zealand Geoprisms, Te Papa, Mon 15 April 2013
2 Subduction Initiation and Paleogene Climate (SIPC) in the Tasman Frontier, southwest Pacific R. Sutherland 1, G. Dickens 2, M. Gurnis 3, M. Huber 4, J. Collot 5, F. Bache 1, P. Rouillard 6, C. Hollis 1, B. Opdyke 7, H. Nishi 8, E. Thomas 9, M. Seton 10, W. Roest 11 [1] [2] Rice Uni., USA [3] Caltech, USA [4] Purdue Uni., USA [5] Geol. Survey of NC, New Caledonia [6] ADECAL-Technopôle, New Caledonia [7] ANU, Australia [8] Tohoku Uni., Japan [9] Yale Uni., USA [10] Sydney Uni., Australia [11] IFREMER, France
3 Subduction initiation changed paleogeography!!! Ocean currents Temperatures Species dispersal Global models don't fit paleoclimate observations More/better data needed. Tectonics may be regional explanation. IBM-TKH subduction initiation may also explain long-term climate cooling
4 New data, new hypotheses to drill Stratigraphic records Age Ocean PAL EO OLIG MI PLI Tasman South Tasman Backarc K ?
5 Range of processes, length scales Proximal and distal sites needed DISTAL BASIN Global plate system Asthenosphere Lithosphere Crust DISTAL RIDGE PROXIMAL BASIN PROXIMAL RIDGE Tasman Sea abyssal plain Topographic profile Lord Howe Rise New Caledonia Trough Norfolk Ridge km Displacement Lithosphere-Asthenosphere recycling Buoyancy, tractions: transient vertical motions Asthenosphere flow Vertical stress (dynamic topography): transient vertical motions Forces transmitted through plates Horizontal stress: faulting Faulting Crustal thickness change Strain, advection (volcanic, tectonic): vertical motions, faulting, volcanism
6 Precise age control - a key constraint Ma global change Precisely-known AUS-PAC since 43 Ma E 150 E 160 E 170 E W Papua New Guinea Australia 20 Ma Ontong Java Plateau Solomon Is. Lord Howe Rise Loyalty R NC NC Trough Norfolk R Vitiaz Trench New Hebrides Reinga Basin North Fiji Basin Three Kings R South Fiji Basin Lau Basin Tonga Trench Kermadec Trench 10 S 20 S 30 S Taranaki Basin 40 S Tasman Sea abyssal plain New Zealand Elevation (metres)
7 NCTN, Proximal basin, North Evidence for transient uplift then subsidence, Norfolk Ridge Evidence for permanent subsidence, New Caledonia Trough Timing of deformation, vertical motions? NCTN-2A NCTN-1A Depth (s twt) Sea bed km
8 LHRN, Distal ridge, North Evidence for transient uplift then subsidence c m. Timing, rate? Coral reef? 1.8 LHRN-2A LHRN-1A 1 km 2.0 Depth (s twt)
9 TASS, Distal basin, South Evidence for far-field oceanic lithospheric failure. When? TASS-1A 5.5 SW NE 6.0 Depth (s twt) Ocean crust Seabed LHRNR-G 10 km
10 LHRS, Distal ridge, South Evidence for deformation and transient uplift then subsidence LHRS-1A NW SE 1.0 Depth (s twt) Seabed km
11 NCTS, Proximal basin, South Evidence for deformation, subsidence of New Caledonia Trough NCTS-1A Depth (s twt) Sea bed 1 3
12 REIS, Reinga Basin, Proximal, South Proximal deformation, uplift, then subsidence 1.5 SW REIS-1A NE Seabed 1 Depth (s twt) REI km
13 PAL EO OLIG MI PLI Conclusions Age ties to seismic strat. Vertical motions Only 3 useful sites (1972) Propose 6 new sites Paleoclimate synergy Age Ocean K Tasman South Tasman Backarc ?
14
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